In-class Exercise Relational Algebra

Consider the following schema:

Suppliers(sid: integer, sname: string, address: string)

Parts(pid: integer, pname: string, color: string)
Catalog(sid: integer, pid: integer, cost: real)

The key fields are underlined, and the domain of each field is listed after the field
name. Therefore sid is the key for Suppliers, pid is the key for Parts, and sid and pid
together form the key for Catalog. The Catalog relation lists the prices charged for
parts by Suppliers. Write the following queries in relational algebra.

1. Find the names of suppliers who supply some red part.

2. Find the sids of suppliers who supply some red or green part.

3. Find the sids of suppliers who supply some red part or are at 221 Packer Street.

4. Find the sids of suppliers who supply some red part and some green part.

5. Find the sids of suppliers who supply every part.

6. Find the sids of suppliers who supply every red part.

7. Find the sids of suppliers who supply every red or green part.

8. Find the sids of suppliers who supply every red part or supply every green part.

9. Find pairs of sids such that the supplier with the first sid charges more for some part than
the supplier with the second sid.

10. Find the pids of parts supplied by at least two different suppliers.

11. Find the pids of the most expensive parts supplied by suppliers named Yosemite Sham.
Consider the following schema:

Suppliers(sid: integer, sname: string, address: string)

Parts(pid: integer, pname: string, color: string)
Catalog(sid: integer, pid: integer, cost: real)

The key fields are underlined, and the domain of each field is
listed after the field name. Therefore sid is the key for
suppliers, pid is the key for Parts, and sid and pid together
form the key for Catalog. The Catalog relation lists the prices
charged for parts by Suppliers. Write the following queries in
relational algebra.
 1. Find the names of suppliers who supply some red part.

πsname(πsid((πpidσcolor=_’red’_Parts) Catalog) Suppliers)

Catalog

SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00
1 2 $20.00
1 3 $30.00
1 4 $40.00
1 5 $50.00
2 1 $9.00
2 3 $34.00
2 5 $48.00

Parts

PID Pname Color

1 Red1 Red
2 Red2 Red
3 Green1 Green
4 Blue1 Blue
5 Red3 Red

SID Sname Address

1 Yosemite Sham Devil's canyon, AZ
2 Wiley E. Coyote RR Asylum, NV
3 Elmer Fudd Carrot Patch, MN
Ok, let’s break this down.

σcolor=_’red’_Parts gives us

PID Pname Color

1 Red1 Red
2 Red2 Red
5 Red3 Red

πpidσcolor=_’red’_Parts gives us

PID
1
2
5

((πpidσcolor=_’red’_Parts) Catalog) gives us:

SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00
1 2 $20.00
1 5 $50.00
2 1 $9.00
2 5 $48.00

πsid((πpidσcolor=_’red’_Parts) Catalog) gives us:

SID
1
2
πsid((πpidσcolor=_’red’_Parts) Catalog) Suppliers) gives us:

SID Sname Address

1 Yosemite Sham Devil's canyon, AZ
2 Wiley E. Coyote RR Asylum, NV

And finally πsname(πsid((πpidσcolor=_’red’_Parts) Catalog)

Suppliers)

Gives us:

Sname
Yosemite Sham
Wiley E. Coyote
 2. Find the sids of suppliers who supply some red or
green part.

πsid(πpid(σcolor=’red’∨ color=’green’ Parts) catalog)

3. Find the sids of suppliers who supply some red part or

are at 221 Packer Street.

ρ(R1, πsid((πpidσcolor=’red’Parts) Catalog))

ρ(R2, πsidσaddress=’221PackerStreet’Suppliers)
R1 ∪ R2

4. Find the sids of suppliers who supply some red part and
some green part.

ρ(R1, πsid((πpid σcolor=’red’ Parts) | Catalog))

ρ(R2, πsid((πpid σcolor=’green’ Parts) Catalog))
R1 ∩ R2
 5. Find the sids of suppliers who supply every part.

(πsid,pid Catalog)/(πpid Parts)

Given:

Parts

PID Pname Color

1 Red1 Red
2 Red2 Red
3 Green1 Green
4 Blue1 Blue
5 Red3 Red

Catalog

SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00
1 2 $20.00
1 3 $30.00
1 4 $40.00
1 5 $50.00
2 1 $9.00
2 3 $34.00
2 5 $48.00
3 1 $11.00
πpid Parts gives us:

PID
1
2
3
4
5

πsid,pid Catalog gives us:

SID PID
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
2 1
2 3
2 5
3 1

(πsid,pid Catalog)/(πpid Parts)

Asks the question – what sids in catalog contain all the part
numbers in the divisor. There is only one sid that has all the
part numbers, 1.

6. Find the sids of suppliers who supply every red part.

(πsid,pid Catalog)/(πpid σcolor=’red’ Parts)

 7. Find the sids of suppliers who supply every red or
green part.

(πsid,pid Catalog)/(πpid σcolor=’red’ ∨ color=’green’ Parts)

Let’s look at this one:

Catalog
SID PID Cost
1 1 $10.00
1 2 $20.00
1 3 $30.00
1 4 $40.00
1 5 $50.00
2 1 $9.00
2 3 $34.00
2 5 $48.00
3 1 $11.00

Parts
PID Pname Color
1 Red1 Red
2 Red2 Red
3 Green1 Green
4 Blue1 Blue
5 Red3 Red

σcolor=’red’ ∨ color=’green’ Parts gives us

1,2,3,5
(πsid,pid Catalog)/(πpid σcolor=’red’ ∨ color=’green’ Parts) then says :

What supplier supplies all 4 of those parts?

The answer is only supplier 1.

8. Find the sids of suppliers who supply every red part or

supply every green part.

ρ(R1, ((πsid,pid Catalog)/(πpid σcolor=’red’ Parts)))

ρ(R2, ((πsid,pid Catalog)/(πpid σcolor=’green’ Parts)))
R1 ∪ R2

OK – lets look at this one then:

Catalog
SID PID Cost
1 1 $10.00
1 2 $20.00
1 3 $30.00
1 4 $40.00
1 5 $50.00
2 1 $9.00
2 3 $34.00
2 5 $48.00
3 1 $11.00
 Parts
PID Pname Color
1 Red1 Red
2 Red2 Red
3 Green1 Green
4 Blue1 Blue
5 Red3 Red

πpid σcolor=’red’ Parts gives us 1,2,5

πsid,pid Catalog)/(πpid σcolor=’red’ Parts) gives us 1

πpid σcolor=’green’ Parts gives us 3

πsid,pid Catalog)/(πpid σcolor=’green’ Parts) gives us 1,2

The union of the 2 give us 1,2

 9. Find pairs of sids such that the supplier with the first sid
charges more for some part than the supplier with the
second sid.

ρ(R1,Catalog)
ρ(R2,Catalog)
πR1.sid,R2.sid(σR1.pid=R2.pid ∧ R1.sid != R2.sid ∧ R1.cost > R2.cost (R1 × R2))

Let’s look at an example of this one:

Catalog:

SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00
2 1 $9.00
2 3 $34.00
3 1 $11.00
R1 x R2 gives us:

SID PID Cost SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00 1 1 $10.00
1 1 $10.00 2 1 $9.00
1 1 $10.00 2 3 $34.00
1 1 $10.00 3 1 $11.00
2 1 $9.00 1 1 $10.00
2 1 $9.00 2 1 $9.00
2 1 $9.00 2 3 $34.00
2 1 $9.00 3 1 $11.00
2 3 $34.00 1 1 $10.00
2 3 $34.00 2 1 $9.00
2 3 $34.00 2 3 $34.00
2 3 $34.00 3 1 $11.00
3 1 $11.00 1 1 $10.00
3 1 $11.00 2 1 $9.00
3 1 $11.00 2 3 $34.00
3 1 $11.00 3 1 $11.00
At this point, we are selecting for the 3 and clauses. The
first (σR1.pid=R2.pid ) gives us:

SID PID Cost SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00 1 1 $10.00
1 1 $10.00 2 1 $9.00
1 1 $10.00 3 1 $11.00
2 1 $9.00 1 1 $10.00
2 1 $9.00 2 1 $9.00
2 1 $9.00 3 1 $11.00
2 3 $34.00 2 3 $34.00
3 1 $11.00 1 1 $10.00
3 1 $11.00 2 1 $9.00
3 1 $11.00 3 1 $11.00

The second and clause (σR1.pid=R2.pid ∧ R1.sid != R2.sid) gives us:

SID PID Cost SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00 3 1 $11.00
1 1 $10.00 2 1 $9.00
2 1 $9.00 1 1 $10.00
2 1 $9.00 3 1 $11.00
3 1 $11.00 1 1 $10.00
3 1 $11.00 2 1 $9.00
Adding in the third clause (σR1.pid=R2.pid ∧ R1.sid != R2.sid ∧ R1.cost >
R2.cost ) gives us:

SID PID Cost SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00 2 1 $9.00
3 1 $11.00 1 1 $10.00
3 1 $11.00 2 1 $9.00

And finally, projecting the pairs gives us:

SID SID
1 2
3 1
3 2
 10. Find the pids of parts supplied by at least two
different suppliers.

ρ(R1,Catalog)
ρ(R2,Catalog)
πR1.pid σR1.pid=R2.pid ∧ R1.sid != R2.sid (R1 × R2)

Using the following:

SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00
2 1 $9.00
2 3 $34.00
3 1 $11.00
R1 x R2 gives us:

SID PID Cost SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00 1 1 $10.00
1 1 $10.00 2 1 $9.00
1 1 $10.00 2 3 $34.00
1 1 $10.00 3 1 $11.00
2 1 $9.00 1 1 $10.00
2 1 $9.00 2 1 $9.00
2 1 $9.00 2 3 $34.00
2 1 $9.00 3 1 $11.00
2 3 $34.00 1 1 $10.00
2 3 $34.00 2 1 $9.00
2 3 $34.00 2 3 $34.00
2 3 $34.00 3 1 $11.00
3 1 $11.00 1 1 $10.00
3 1 $11.00 2 1 $9.00
3 1 $11.00 2 3 $34.00
3 1 $11.00 3 1 $11.00

σR1.pid=R2.pid gives us:

SID PID Cost SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00 1 1 $10.00
1 1 $10.00 2 1 $9.00
1 1 $10.00 3 1 $11.00
2 1 $9.00 1 1 $10.00
2 1 $9.00 2 1 $9.00
2 1 $9.00 3 1 $11.00
2 3 $34.00 2 3 $34.00
3 1 $11.00 1 1 $10.00
3 1 $11.00 2 1 $9.00
3 1 $11.00 3 1 $11.00
σR1.pid=R2.pid ∧ R1.sid != R2.sid gives us:

SID PID Cost SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00 2 1 $9.00
1 1 $10.00 3 1 $11.00
2 1 $9.00 1 1 $10.00
2 1 $9.00 3 1 $11.00
3 1 $11.00 1 1 $10.00
3 1 $11.00 2 1 $9.00

Projecting on PID gives us a single part number – 1

(eliminating the duplicates)

11. Find the pids of the most expensive parts supplied

by suppliers named Yosemite Sham.

ρ(R1, πsid σsname=’YosemiteSham’ Suppliers)

ρ(R2,R1 Catalog)
ρ(R3,R2)
ρ(R4(1 → sid, 2 → pid, 3 → cost), σR3.cost < R2.cost (R3 × R2))
πpid(R2 − πsid,pid,cost R4)
Given:

Suppliers

SID Sname Address

1 Wiley E. Coyote Acme Testing Ground, NV
2 Yosemite Sham Devil's Canyon, AZ
3 Elmer Fudd Carrot Patch, MN

and Catalog:

SID PID Cost

1 1 $10.00
2 1 $9.00
2 2 $21.00
2 3 $34.00
3 1 $11.00

ρ(R1, πsid σsname=’YosemiteSham’ Suppliers)

Gives us the value 2.

ρ(R2,R1 Catalog)

Gives us:

SID PID Cost

2 1 $9.00
2 2 $21.00
2 3 $34.00
Let’s look at:
ρ(R4(1 → sid, 2 → pid, 3 → cost), σR3.cost < R2.cost (R3 × R2))

R3 x R2

SID PID Cost SID PID Cost

2 1 $9.00 2 1 $9.00
2 1 $9.00 2 2 $21.00
2 1 $9.00 2 3 $34.00
2 2 $21.00 2 1 $9.00
2 2 $21.00 2 2 $21.00
2 2 $21.00 2 3 $34.00
2 3 $34.00 2 1 $9.00
2 3 $34.00 2 2 $21.00
2 3 $34.00 2 3 $34.00

σR3.cost < R2.cost (R3 × R2)) gives us:

SID PID Cost SID PID Cost

2 1 $9.00 2 2 $21.00
2 1 $9.00 2 3 $34.00
2 2 $21.00 2 3 $34.00

ρ(R4(1 → sid, 2 → pid, 3 → cost), σR3.cost < R2.cost (R3 × R2))

Gives us:

SID PID Cost

2 1 $9.00
2 2 $21.00
R2 − πsid,pid,cost R4 gives us:

SID PID Cost

2 3 $34.00

And projecting the PID gives us 3 as Yosemite Sham’s most

expensive part.