Section Properties Lateral Torsional Buckling Lateral Buckling Tension Combined Actions

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This spreadsheet calculates the capacity of standard universal beams according to BS5950 - 1998.

Simply click on the appropriate worksheet tab at the bottom of the page to determine the strength of a member in either
tension, compression or bending.

The Different worksheets perform the following functions:


Section Properties
Section properties are described and calculated in this spreadsheet.
Lateral Torsional Buckling
The strength of a member subjected to bending is explained and calculated on this sheet
Lateral Buckling
The strength of a member subjected to axial forces is explained and calculated on this sheet
Tension
The strength of a member subjected to tension is explained and calculated on this sheet
Combined Actions
Under construction
998.
rength of a member in either
E 200000
a 2 3.5

e_s 0

Section h B t T d b/t d/t Ixx Iyy rxx ryy Zxx


mm mm mm mm mm x106 mm4 x106 mm4 mm mm x 103 mm3
1016x305x487 1036.1 308.5 30.0 54.1 867.8 2.85 28.9 10204 267.2 406.0 65.7 19697
1016x305x438 1025.9 305.4 26.9 49.0 868.0 3.12 32.3 9089 234.4 404.3 64.9 17719
1016x305x393 1016.0 303.0 24.4 43.9 868.2 3.45 35.6 8066 204.9 401.6 64.0 15878
1016x305x349 1008.1 302.0 21.1 40.0 868.0 3.78 41.1 7221 184.6 402.8 64.4 14326
1016x305x314 1000.0 300.0 19.1 35.9 868.2 4.18 45.5 6432 162.3 401.0 63.7 12864
1016x305x272 990.1 300.0 16.5 31.0 868.0 4.84 52.6 5529 140 399.7 63.6 11169
1016x305x249 980.2 300.0 16.5 26.0 868.0 5.77 52.6 4803 117.5 389.9 61.0 9800
1016x305x222 970.3 300.0 16.0 21.1 867.8 7.11 54.2 4069 95.44 379.9 58.2 8387
914x419x388 921.0 420.5 21.4 36.6 799.6 5.74 37.4 7196 454.4 381.7 95.9 15626
914x419x343 911.8 418.5 19.4 32.0 799.6 6.54 41.2 6258 391.6 378.4 94.7 13727
914x305x289 926.6 307.7 19.5 32.0 824.4 4.81 42.3 5042 156 370.1 65.1 10883
914x305x253 918.4 305.5 17.3 27.9 824.4 5.47 47.7 4363 133 367.5 64.2 9501
914x305x224 910.4 304.1 15.9 23.9 824.4 6.36 51.8 3764 112.4 362.8 62.7 8269
914x305x201 903.0 303.3 15.1 20.2 824.4 7.51 54.6 3253 94.23 356.5 60.7 7205
838x292x226 850.9 293.8 16.1 26.8 761.7 5.48 47.3 3397 113.6 342.8 62.7 7984
838x292x194 840.7 292.4 14.70 21.7 761.7 6.74 51.8 2792 90.66 336.2 60.6 6642
838x292x176 834.9 291.7 14.0 18.8 761.7 7.76 54.4 2460 77.99 331.4 59.0 5893
762x267x197 769.8 268.0 15.6 25.4 686.0 5.28 44.0 2400 81.75 309.2 57.1 6235
762x267x173 762.2 266.7 14.3 21.6 686.0 6.17 48.0 2053 68.5 305.5 55.8 5387
762x267x147 754.0 265.2 12.8 17.5 686.0 7.58 53.6 1685 54.55 300.2 54.0 4469
762x267x134 750.0 264.4 12.0 15.5 686.0 8.53 57.2 1507 47.88 296.9 52.9 4019
686x254x170 692.9 255.8 14.5 23.7 615.1 5.40 42.4 1703 66.3 280.1 55.3 4916
686x254x152 687.5 254.5 13.2 21.0 615.1 6.06 46.6 1504 57.84 278.4 54.6 4375
686x254x140 683.5 253.7 12.4 19.0 615.1 6.68 49.6 1363 51.83 276.7 54.0 3988
686x254x125 677.9 253.0 11.7 16.2 615.1 7.81 52.6 1180 43.83 272.4 52.5 3481
610x305x238 635.8 311.4 18.4 31.4 540.0 4.96 29.3 2095 158.4 262.9 72.3 6590
610x305x179 620.2 307.1 14.1 23.6 540.0 6.51 38.3 1530 114.1 259.0 70.7 4934
610x305x149 612.4 304.8 11.8 19.7 540.0 7.74 45.8 1259 93.08 257.4 70.0 4112
610x229x140 617.2 230.2 13.1 22.1 547.6 5.21 41.8 1118 45.05 250.6 50.3 3623
610x229x125 612.2 229.0 11.9 19.6 547.6 5.84 46.0 986.1 39.32 249.0 49.7 3221
610x229x113 607.6 228.2 11.1 17.3 547.6 6.60 49.3 873.2 34.34 246.2 48.8 2874
610x229x101 602.6 227.6 10.5 14.8 547.6 7.69 52.2 757.8 29.15 242.4 47.5 2515
533x210x120 544.5 211.9 12.7 21.3 476.5 4.97 37.5 760.4 33.88 221.5 46.8 2793
533x210x109 539.5 210.8 11.6 18.8 476.5 5.61 41.1 668.2 29.43 219.3 46.0 2477
533x210x101 536.7 210.0 10.8 17.4 476.5 6.03 44.1 615.2 26.92 218.4 45.7 2293
533x210x92 533.1 209.3 10.1 15.6 476.5 6.71 47.2 552.3 23.89 217.3 45.2 2072
533x210x82 528.3 208.8 9.6 13.2 476.5 7.91 49.6 475.4 20.07 212.8 43.7 1800
457x191x98 467.2 192.8 11.4 19.6 407.6 4.92 35.8 457.3 23.47 191.3 43.3 1958
457x191x89 463.4 191.9 10.5 17.7 407.6 5.42 38.8 410.2 20.89 189.7 42.8 1770
457x191x82 460.0 191.3 9.9 16.0 407.6 5.98 41.2 370.5 18.71 188.7 42.4 1611
457x191x74 457.0 190.4 9.0 14.5 407.6 6.57 45.3 333.2 16.71 187.7 42.0 1458
457x191x67 453.4 189.9 8.5 12.7 407.6 7.48 48.0 293.8 14.52 185.4 41.2 1296
457x152x82 465.8 155.3 10.5 18.9 407.6 4.11 38.8 365.9 11.85 186.7 33.6 1571
457x152x74 462.0 154.4 9.6 17.0 407.6 4.54 42.5 326.7 10.47 185.9 33.3 1414
457x152x67 458.0 153.8 9.0 15.0 407.6 5.13 45.3 289.3 9.13 183.8 32.7 1263
457x152x60 454.6 152.9 8.1 13.3 407.6 5.75 50.3 255 7.95 182.9 32.3 1122
457x152x52 449.8 152.4 7.6 10.9 407.6 6.99 53.6 213.7 6.45 179.1 31.1 950
406x178x74 412.8 179.5 9.5 16.0 360.4 5.61 37.9 273.1 15.45 170.0 40.4 1323
406x178x67 409.4 178.8 8.8 14.3 360.4 6.25 41.0 243.3 13.65 168.7 40.0 1189
406x178x60 406.4 177.9 7.9 12.8 360.4 6.95 45.6 216 12.03 168.0 39.7 1063
406x178x54 402.6 177.7 7.7 10.9 360.4 8.15 46.8 187.2 10.21 164.7 38.5 930
406x140x46 403.2 142.2 6.8 11.2 360.4 6.35 53.0 156.9 5.38 163.6 30.3 778
406x140x39 398.0 141.8 6.4 8.6 360.4 8.24 56.3 125.1 4.1 158.7 28.7 629
356x171x67 363.4 173.2 9.1 15.7 311.6 5.52 34.2 194.6 13.62 150.9 39.9 1071
356x171x57 358.0 172.2 8.1 13.0 311.6 6.62 38.5 160.4 11.08 148.6 39.1 896
356x171x51 355.0 171.5 7.4 11.5 311.6 7.46 42.1 141.4 9.68 147.6 38.6 797
356x171x45 351.4 171.1 7.0 9.7 311.6 8.82 44.5 120.7 8.11 145.1 37.6 687
356x127x39 353.4 126.0 6.6 10.7 311.6 5.89 47.2 101.7 3.58 142.9 26.8 576
356x127x33 349.0 125.4 6.0 8.5 311.6 7.38 51.9 82.49 2.8 140.0 25.8 473
305x165x54 310.4 166.9 7.9 13.7 265.2 6.09 33.6 117 10.63 130.4 39.3 754
305x165x46 306.6 165.7 6.7 11.8 265.2 7.02 39.6 98.99 8.96 129.9 39.1 646
305x165x40 303.4 165.0 6.0 10.2 265.2 8.09 44.2 85.03 7.64 128.7 38.6 561
305x127x48 311.0 125.3 9.0 14.0 265.2 4.48 29.5 95.75 4.61 125.1 27.4 616
305x127x42 307.2 124.3 8.0 12.1 265.2 5.14 33.2 81.96 3.89 123.9 27.0 534
305x127x37 304.4 123.3 7.1 10.7 265.2 5.76 37.4 71.71 3.36 123.3 26.7 471
305x102x33 312.7 102.4 6.6 10.8 275.9 4.74 41.8 65.01 1.94 124.7 21.5 416
305x102x28 308.7 101.8 6.0 8.8 275.9 5.78 46.0 53.66 1.55 122.3 20.8 348
305x102x25 305.1 101.6 5.8 7.0 275.9 7.26 47.6 44.55 1.23 118.7 19.7 292
254x146x43 259.6 147.3 7.2 12.7 219.0 5.80 30.4 65.44 6.77 109.3 35.1 504
254x146x37 256.0 146.4 6.3 10.9 219.0 6.72 34.8 55.37 5.71 108.3 34.8 433
254x146x31 251.4 146.1 6.0 8.6 219.0 8.49 36.5 44.13 4.48 105.4 33.6 351
254x102x28 260.4 102.2 6.3 10.0 225.2 5.11 35.7 40.05 1.79 105.3 22.3 308
254x102x25 257.2 101.9 6.0 8.4 225.2 6.07 37.5 34.15 1.49 103.3 21.6 266
254x102x22 254.0 101.6 5.7 6.8 225.2 7.47 39.5 28.41 1.19 100.7 20.6 224
203x133x30 206.8 133.9 6.4 9.6 172.4 6.97 26.9 28.96 3.85 87.1 31.7 280
203x133x25 203.2 133.2 5.7 7.8 172.4 8.54 30.2 23.4 3.08 85.5 31.0 230
203x102x23 203.2 101.8 5.4 9.3 169.4 5.47 31.4 21.05 1.64 84.6 23.6 207
178x102x19 177.8 101.2 4.8 7.9 146.8 6.41 30.6 13.56 1.37 74.7 23.7 153
152x89x16 152.4 88.7 4.5 7.7 121.8 5.76 27.1 8.34 0.898 64.1 21.0 109
127x76x13 127.0 76.0 4.0 7.6 96.6 5.00 24.2 4.73 0.557 53.5 18.4 74
P, C,
Zyy Sxx Syy u x H J A py C or S Ae S-C, C
x 103 mm3 x 103 mm3 x 103 mm3 x 1E9 mm^3 x 1E3 mm^4 mm2 mm2 flange
1732 23180 2799 0.873 21.1 64400 42760 61900 255 C 61900 P
1535 20740 2467 0.868 23.2 55900 31660 55600 255 C 55600 P
1352 18520 2167 0.868 25.6 48400 23140 50000 255 C 50000 P
1223 16570 1940 0.872 28.0 43200 17060 44500 265 S 41505 P
1082 14830 1712 0.871 30.8 37700 12530 40000 265 S 30556 P
933 12800 1469 0.872 35.1 32200 8260 34600 265 S 19734 P
783 11330 1244 0.861 40.1 26800 5750 31600 265 S 18023 P
636 7984 1019 0.849 46.0 21500 3840 28200 265 S 15131 P
2161 17670 3341 0.885 26.7 88900 17340 49400 265 C 49400 P
1871 15480 2890 0.883 30.1 75800 11930 43700 265 S 40603 P
1014 12570 1601 0.867 31.9 31200 9260 36800 265 S 32498 P
871 10940 1371 0.866 36.2 26400 6260 32300 265 S 22451 P
739 9535 1163 0.861 41.3 22100 4220 28600 265 S 16792 P
621 8351 982 0.854 46.9 18400 2910 25600 265 S 13556 P
773 9155 1212 0.870 35.0 19300 5140 28900 265 S 20380 P
620 7640 974 0.862 41.6 15200 3060 24700 265 S 14520 P
535 6808 842 0.856 46.5 13000 2210 22400 265 S 11944 P
610 7176 959 0.869 33.2 11300 4040 25100 265 S 20488 P
514 6198 807 0.864 38.0 9390 2670 22000 265 S 15089 P
411 5156 647 0.858 45.2 7400 1590 18700 265 S 10276 P
362 4644 570 0.854 49.8 6460 1190 17100 275 S 7959 C
518 5631 811 0.872 31.8 7420 3080 21700 265 S 19034 P
455 5000 710 0.871 35.4 6420 2200 19400 265 S 14102 P
409 4558 638 0.868 38.6 5720 1690 17800 265 S 11418 P
346 3994 542 0.862 43.9 4800 1160 15900 265 S 9080 P
1017 7486 1574 0.886 20.2 14500 8750 30300 265 C 30300 P
743 5547 1144 0.886 27.7 10200 3400 22800 265 C 22800 P
611 4594 937 0.886 32.7 8170 2000 19000 265 S 14320 P
391 4142 611 0.875 30.6 3990 2160 17800 265 S 16079 P
343 3676 535 0.873 34.1 3450 1540 15900 265 S 11852 P
301 3281 469 0.877 38.0 2990 1110 14400 265 S 9339 P
256 2881 400 0.864 43.1 2520 770 12900 275 S 7214 P
320 3196 500 0.877 27.6 2320 1780 15500 265 C 15500 P
279 2828 436 0.875 30.9 1990 1260 13900 265 S 13002 P
256 2612 399 0.874 33.2 1810 1010 12900 265 S 10460 P
228 2360 356 0.872 36.4 1600 757 11700 275 S 7995 P
192 2059 300 0.864 41.6 1330 515 10500 275 S 6482 P
243 2232 379 0.881 25.8 1180 1210 12500 265 C 12500 P
218 2014 338 0.880 28.3 1040 907 11400 265 C 11400 P
196 1831 304 0.877 30.8 922 692 10400 275 S 9332 P
176 1653 272 0.877 33.8 818 518 9460 275 S 7015 P
153 1471 237 0.872 37.9 705 371 8550 275 S 5655 P
153 1811 240 0.873 27.4 591 892 10500 265 C 10500 P
136 1627 213 0.873 30.2 518 659 9450 265 S 8274 P
119 1453 187 0.869 33.6 448 477 8560 275 S 6348 P
104 1287 163 0.868 37.5 387 338 7620 275 S 4577 P
85 1096 133 0.859 43.9 311 214 6660 275 S 3522 P
172 1501 267 0.882 27.5 608 628 9450 275 C 9450 P
153 1346 237 0.880 30.5 533 461 8550 275 S 7753 P
135 1199 209 0.880 33.8 466 333 7650 275 S 5591 P
115 1055 178 0.871 38.3 392 231 6900 275 S 4791 P
76 888 118 0.871 39.0 207 190 5860 275 S 3173 P
58 724 90.8 0.858 47.4 155 107 4970 275 S 2384 P
157 1211 243 0.886 24.4 412 557 8550 275 C 8550 P
129 1010 199 0.882 28.8 330 334 7260 275 C 7260 P
113 896 174 0.881 32.1 286 238 6490 275 S 5567 P
95 775 147 0.874 36.9 237 158 5730 275 S 4398 C
57 659 89.1 0.871 35.2 105 151 4980 275 S 3398 P
45 543 70.3 0.863 42.2 81.2 87.9 4210 275 S 2374 P
127 846 196 0.889 23.6 234 348 6880 275 C 6880 P
108 720 166 0.891 27.2 195 222 5870 275 S 5699 P
93 623 142 0.889 31.0 164 147 5130 275 S 3994 P
74 711 116 0.873 23.4 102 318 6120 275 C 6120 P
63 614 98.4 0.872 26.6 84.6 211 5340 275 C 5340 P
55 539 85.4 0.872 29.7 72.5 148 4720 275 C 4720 P
38 481 60 0.866 31.6 44.2 122 4180 275 S 3638 P
30 403 48.5 0.859 37.4 34.9 74 3590 275 S 2582 P
24 342 38.8 0.846 43.4 27.3 47.7 3160 275 S 2124 P
92 566 141 0.891 21.1 103 239 5480 275 C 5480 P
78 483 119 0.890 24.4 85.7 153 4720 275 C 4720 P
61 393 94.1 0.880 29.6 66 85.5 3970 275 C 3970 P
35 353 54.8 0.874 27.5 28 95.7 3610 275 C 3610 P
29 306 46 0.866 31.4 23 64.2 3200 275 C 3200 P
23 259 37.3 0.856 36.4 18.2 41.5 2800 275 S 2728 P
58 314 88.2 0.881 21.5 37.4 103 3820 275 C 3820 P
46 258 70.9 0.887 25.6 29.4 59.6 3200 275 C 3200 C
32 234 49.8 0.888 22.4 15.4 70.2 2940 275 C 2940 P
27 171 41.6 0.888 22.6 9.87 44.1 2430 275 C 2430 P
20 123 31.2 0.890 19.6 4.7 35.6 2030 275 C 2030 P
15 84.2 22.6 0.895 16.3 1.99 28.5 1650 275 C 1650 P
275

stress reduction

flange web Pc Mcx


web kN
P 1 1 15785 5911
P 1 1 14178 5289
P 1 1 12750 4723
P 1 1 10999 4391
P 1 1 8097 3930
P 1 1 5230 3392
P 1 1 4776 3002
P 1 1 4010 2116
P 1 1 13091 4683
P 1 1 10760 4102
P 1 1 8612 3331
P 1 1 5950 2899
P 1 1 4450 2527
P 1 1 3592 2213
P 1 1 5401 2426
P 1 1 3848 2025
P 1 1 3165 1804
P 1 1 5429 1902
P 1 1 3999 1642
P 1 1 2723 1366
P 1 1 2189 1277
P 1 1 5044 1492
P 1 1 3737 1325
P 1 1 3026 1208
P 1 1 2406 1058
P 1 1 8030 1984
P 1 1 6042 1470
P 1 1 3795 1217
P 1 1 4261 1098
P 1 1 3141 974
P 1 1 2475 869
P 1 1 1984 792
P 1 1 4108 847
P 1 1 3446 749
P 1 1 2772 692
P 1 1 2199 649
P 1 1 1783 566
P 1 1 3313 591
P 1 1 3021 534
P 1 1 2566 504
P 1 1 1929 455
P 1 1 1555 405
P 1 1 2783 480
P 1 1 2193 431
P 1 1 1746 400
P 1 1 1259 354
P 1 1 968 301
P 1 1 2599 413
P 1 1 2132 370
P 1 1 1537 330
P 1 1 1317 290
P 1 1 873 244
P 1 1 656 199
P 1 1 2351 333
P 1 1 1997 278
P 1 1 1531 246
P 1 1 1210 213
P 1 1 935 181
P 1 1 653 149
P 1 1 1892 233
P 1 1 1567 198
P 1 1 1098 171
P 1 1 1683 196
P 1 1 1469 169
P 1 1 1298 148
P 1 1 1001 132
P 1 1 710 111
P 1 1 584 94
P 1 1 1507 156
P 1 1 1298 133
P 1 1 1092 108
P 1 1 993 97
P 1 1 880 84
P 1 1 750 71
P 1 1 1051 86
P 1 1 880 71
P 1 1 809 64
P 1 1 668 47
P 1 1 558 34
P 1 1 454 23
Choose a section Lateral Buckling
9
914x419x388
914x419x388

section
rx 381.7 mm
ry 95.9 mm a 2 3.5
Ae 49400 mm2 lo 17.261
py 265 Mpa

Capacity in Axial Compression (about X Axis)


14000 914x419x388

12000
10000
Axial Force (kN)

8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Effective Length (m)

Lex lx pE n f pc Pc
m Mpa kN
3.82 10 19739 0.000 10002 265 13091
7.63 20 4935 0.005 2613 263 13016
11.45 30 2193 0.025 1257 258 12724
15.27 40 1234 0.045 777 251 12384
19.08 50 790 0.065 553 242 11961
22.90 60 548 0.085 430 231 11407
26.72 70 403 0.105 355 216 10666
30.53 80 308 0.125 306 197 9721
34.35 90 244 0.145 272 175 8639
38.17 100 197 0.165 248 153 7551
41.98 110 163 0.185 229 133 6558
45.80 120 137 0.205 215 115 5699
49.62 130 117 0.225 204 101 4973
53.43 140 101 0.245 195 88 4364
57.25 150 88 0.265 188 78 3854
61.07 160 77 0.285 182 69 3424
64.88 170 68 0.305 177 62 3060
68.70 180 61 0.325 173 56 2749
72.52 190 55 0.345 169 50 2483
76.33 200 49 0.365 166 46 2253
80.15 210 45 0.385 164 42 2053
83.97 220 41 0.405 161 38 1878
87.78 230 37 0.425 159 35 1724
91.60 240 34 0.445 157 32 1589
95.42 250 32 0.465 156 30 1468

Note: The values of slenderness (l) should not exceed the following
for members resisting loads other than wind loads 180
for members resisting self weight and wind loads only 250
for members acting as a tie but subject to reversal of stress from the ac
) Capacity in Axial Compression (about Y Axis)
914x419x388
14000
12000
Axial Capacity (kN)

10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
00 120.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
Effective Length (m)

Ley ly pE n f pc Pc
m
0.96 10 19739 0.000 10002 265 13091
1.92 20 4935 0.010 2624 262 12960
2.88 30 2193 0.045 1278 252 12463
3.84 40 1234 0.080 798 241 11913
4.80 50 790 0.115 573 228 11274
5.75 60 548 0.150 448 213 10519
6.71 70 403 0.185 371 195 9640
7.67 80 308 0.220 321 176 8672
8.63 90 244 0.255 285 156 7684
9.59 100 197 0.290 260 137 6748
10.55 110 163 0.325 241 120 5908
11.51 120 137 0.360 226 105 5178
12.47 130 117 0.395 214 92 4555
13.43 140 101 0.430 204 81 4026
14.39 150 88 0.465 197 72 3577
15.35 160 77 0.500 190 65 3195
16.30 170 68 0.535 185 58 2868
17.26 180 61 0.570 180 52 2587
18.22 190 55 0.605 176 47 2345
19.18 200 49 0.640 173 43 2134
20.14 210 45 0.675 170 39 1950
21.10 220 41 0.710 167 36 1788
22.06 230 37 0.745 165 33 1646
23.02 240 34 0.780 163 31 1520
23.98 250 32 0.815 161 28 1407

ld not exceed the following


wind loads 180
nd loads only 250
o reversal of stress from the action of wind 350
Lateral Torsional Buckling
choose a section
914x419x388 9
18
914x419x388

section
rx 381.7 mm
ry 95.9 mm
Ae 49400 mm2
py 265 Mpa lLO 34.52
Mp 4141 kN-m
m 1
n 1
u 0.885
x 26.725

Lex lx v lLT Me
m
1.0 10 3.457 30.6 32951
1.9 20 2.445 43.3 16476
2.9 30 1.996 53.0 10984
3.8 40 1.729 61.2 8238
4.8 50 1.546 68.4 6590
5.8 60 1.411 74.9 5492
6.7 70 1.307 80.9 4707
7.7 80 1.222 86.5 4119
8.6 90 1.152 91.8 3661
9.6 100 1.093 96.8 3295
10.5 110 1.042 101.5 2996
11.5 120 0.998 106.0 2746
12.5 130 0.959 110.3 2535
13.4 140 0.924 114.5 2354
14.4 150 0.893 118.5 2197
15.3 160 0.864 122.4 2059
16.3 170 0.838 126.1 1938
17.3 180 0.815 129.8 1831
18.2 190 0.793 133.4 1734
19.2 200 0.773 136.8 1648
20.1 210 0.754 140.2 1569
21.1 220 0.737 143.5 1498
22.1 230 0.721 146.7 1433
23.0 240 0.706 149.9 1373
24.0 250 0.691 153.0 1318
Bending Capacity of Universal Beams
4500 914x419x388
4000
Bending Capacity (kN-m)

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
Effective Length (m)

nLT fB Mb

0.000 18546 4141


0.061 10813 3835
0.129 8272 3482
0.187 6958 3176
0.237 6147 2907
0.283 5593 2670
0.325 5189 2463
0.364 4880 2281
0.401 4635 2121
0.436 4436 1980
0.469 4270 1856
0.500 4130 1745
0.531 4010 1647
0.560 3906 1559
0.588 3815 1479
0.615 3734 1407
0.641 3661 1342
0.667 3596 1283
0.692 3538 1228
0.716 3484 1178
0.740 3435 1132
0.763 3391 1090
0.785 3349 1050
0.808 3311 1014
0.829 3276 979
Under construction
Under Construction

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