Ye) keer irene ahi Carrera1 Personally Speaking p516 2 One World 17-23} Multiple-choice Multiple-matching Finding similar words and phates inthe toxt REVIEW 4: Vocabulary & Grammar p 29-30 3 Star Quality pata2 4 City Living passe REVIEW 2: Vocabulary & Grammar p 55-56 5 Tiedto Technology 57-68 6 Fun, Fun, Fun! 67-80 7 Right or Wrong? passa) 8 Environmental Affairs 95-106 REVIEW 4: Vocabulary & Grammar 9 107-108 9 And What Do You Do? 109-120 10 Learn to Leam! 121-132 REVIEW 5: Vocabulary & Grammar 41 Wish You Were Here! 135-146 12 Fit for Life 147-158 Missing sentences Molkiple-matching Multiple-choice Maltipie-choiee idertfying the purpo Missing sentences Identiyine Multiple matching Reading for overall Multiple-choice Multple-choice Missing sentences p 13-134 Emotion Present Simple & Present Continuous Word formation ransforming word Culture-olated words |Past Semple & Past Continuous Used 10 & Would Gapped text Looking at text ‘The entertsinment Past Porfct Simple & Past Perfect industry & Continuous celebrities iy living Future Forms Technology Models & Sem-modals Freetime and sports | Gerunds & lnfintves Crime | Passive Voice: Tenses Passive Voice: Gerunds, Ininisves, Modal Verb: Environment (Conditional: Zero, First, Second & Thi bs Relative Clauses Education Reported Statemants Holday and travel | Comparison of Adjectives & Adverbs Food and health | Unreal Past Wish & fFonly REVIEW 6: Vocabulary & Grammar p 159-160 Grammer Reference: p 161-175 Irregular Verbs: pit6e477 Writing Reference: Speaking Reference: Reported Questions Reported Commands & Requests Had better & I's (aboutthigh) time Would prefer, Prefer & Would rather 178-185 188 c Prodi (pictures) | Mtptecracng Multiple-choice Preparing to listen | Mutiple-choice Mutipte-choice Multiple matching sting Mutiple-choice Muttiple-choiee 2 deg Muttiple-choice Sentence completionTalking about fee tme activities Prosont Perfect | Presal verbs Fnswaring person suostons Simple & | Propositions {hkng wether Tees | Fee eret_| Conga pred ling abo. cultures ad tesoles |Past Simple vs | Phrasal verbs Becton making Present Perfect |Colcations & Faingtogeter Simpie xpressons Managing a deusion Word formation aking stout celebos ast Simole vs Past | Phrasal eros sein comparisons Perfect (Single & | Proposivone Comparing photos Continous) | Gapped txt Fling about ving nin urban andrural {Countable & | Phrasal verbs = Uncourtble | Colocation & —|Decion aking Noune expresions Exerestng epinor Qusntifers | Mile choice Aecing, casgrecng & pay agreeing Choosing the corect Toking sbout modern tchrology | Perect Medals | Pratl verbs Giving your opin ae itera Word formation Invelwng your partner keeping the Gapped txt conversion going Fig the gaps Talkicg about hobbies and we-ime —_|ndrect Question | Pras verbs ene Question Tags | Colocation & econ making Negative Expresions Soe coat eee e clans [coed res gad cates | sosiing choices transformation [aking about cme Causative Phrasal verbs Comparing photos Prepositions aneurin ween Sertence Linking ae ‘rnsiormation | Talking about the endranment ined Phra verbs ecigon mak Concitonals | Prepostions aig't deer condones | Gapped sont Persuading & convincing [thou ling sbovt employment Paricple Claes |Prrasalverbe | Problem scking Colocains & Ging sae | “Beeresions Proving ocice Word formation Toling about schools Reporting Verbs | Phresl verbs Decision making Word formation asking for clo fcation and rephrsing Sentence Requesting cleication transionmation Using holiday vocabulary |Gradable | Phrasal verbs Comparing photograhs ‘Adjectives | Prposivons sent A on |Nomeradable | Melipiechoice Tolking bout rokcays ‘Adectives Adjective Order Talking aboutheaith care &feness | Be used to& Get | Phrasal ves focitios sed ro Word formation Decision making inversion Collocatons & Eemerberina colaborete Expressone JAnowaring questions Prepostore Collocations & Expressions: Prepositions: ps7 p 188 Phrasal Verbs: p 189 Informal letter / email Using the corract tone Planning your response Greetings Opinion essay ‘Organising your essay Planning your opinion essay Introducing points Story (1) Thinking about the details Time, Deamatie & Concluding phrates Article Engaging your reador Keeping your reser inter Direct &indioct question Essay (1) Deciding what language to use in an essay Expressing contrast & results Report Organising paragraphs Writing an off Introduction Formal letter ‘Analysing the question Thinking about ete Explaining your views Essay 2) [Avoiding commen mistakes Comparing & contrasting Formal latter Presenting yourself a postive li ‘paining your akila and 2 Ending the letter Formal email Understanding different functions Thanking Story 2) Prompts & Tenses Taking about feetigs Review Using the right language Starting pavagraphe |AChinese Artist, in Harlem | A.Specal ype of Neighbourhood [Confucianiso in China Ura Art Bionic ‘Mountaineer [Canyaking ‘Adventure Caposira: The Fighting Dance Global Warming Dinosaur Buller Aquarium on Wheels ling Across ‘the Gobi Living inthe Slow LaneUse your English: Writing: Snowboarder doing ‘2 360° jump through the air le choice, identifying key informotion emotion related words, transforming words present simple & present continuous, present perfect simple & present perfect continuous multiple-choice, highlighting key words talking about free-time activities, answering personal questions, linking words, time expressions, tenses phrasal verbs, prepositions, completing gapped texts informal etter / email, using the correct tone, planning your response1 Personally Speaking Reading A\ Choose one of these emotions and, using facial expressions and body language, try to communicate it to your partner. disgust. fear happiness sadness anxiety Can you guess how people are feeling from their body language? B_ Now read the text to find out how neuroscientists are studying the way fear spreads. Ithas long been known that fear spreads quickly from person to person. However, until recently, neuroscientists believed that this fear was communicated mainly through facial expressions. Now a new study has shown that body language may be just as important as facial expressions for communicating fear. It shows that fearful body postures are processed in the emotional part of the brain {and lead to an automatic response. Body postures that do not communicate fear are processed cifferentiy, in the visual part of the brain. Since the link between the Word Focus # neuroscientist: scientist who stuies the brain ond nervous system study: particular piece of research automatic: done without thinking, instinctively neutral: neither postive nor negative rotor elating to muscles, nerves ’and parts of the brain that contol movement mechanism: part of your e behaviour which helps you deal with diffcule situation emotional part of the brain and action is stronger then the link between the visual part ofthe brain and action, viewing fearful body expressions may create an automatic response to fear. "When we talk about how humans communicate, we always talk about things like language,’ said Beatrice de Gelder, the neuroscientist who led the study. ‘But just ke in the animal world, we also communicate through our bodies. without our conscious minds being much aware of it. Unlike earlier studies, which concentrated on the way the brain reacted to still mages of facial expressions, the experiment which de Gelder and her team carried out aimed to prove that fearful body posture can create fear in ‘observers. Since previous studies hed used still images, the scientists decided to use stills from video clips. Participants had their brains scanned while they were shawn video stills of actors who were showing fear. For example, in one. situation, they had just opened a door to find an armed robber waiting for them. They were also shown in neutral situations; pouring a glass of water or combing their hair. In each case, though, the actors’ faces were blocked out so that the participants viewing them could only react to their body posture and not to any facial expressions. ‘The results showed that when participants saw fearful images, the emotional part of the brain was active as well as regions of the brain connected to motor processes that are responsible for movement. There was a lot more going 6n in the brain than when the neutral images were shown, ‘These only activated the visual areas of the brain ‘The response to fear appears to be quite automatic, and, this is commonly seen in the animal kingdom. If a flack of birds has been feeding on the ground and one is frightened by something and takes off, the others immediately follow. Itis an extremely important evolutionary mechanism because any bird eft behind may become prey. Something similar happens with humans. At a fearful moment, humans like animals need to be ready to react quickly because they~ C Read the Exam Close-up. Then underline the key (For questions 1 ~ 6 choose the answer (a, b, €or 4) which | best according to the text. | 1 Scientist have recently scovered that far a is expressed in the body as much asthe face. |b is more strongly expressed in the face than the bo« | is mainly expressed in the body. d__creates an automatic response in others 2. The automatic response to fearful postures comes fo part of the brain that processes a visual images b_ omotions. € language. d_ facial expressions. 3 According to de Gelder ‘2 humans communicate mainly through speech words in the sentence stems in the Exam Task below. m mmplete the E> Task. [| Identifying key information D Now complete the Exam Task Exam Task | + with multiple-choice sontonces, read ta i the sentence stems first and underline : i fits, the key words. Then, find a section in the text which matches the underlined key words in each sentence stem. Finally, ead the arswer options carefully and check them against the sections of the texts to find the correct answer, dy m the The study showed that neutral and fearful body postures are processed differently by the human brain create similar responses in the human brain. © create automatic responses in humans. b humans do not realise they are using body language. date similar in all animals. ¢ humans think body language is unimportant. d_ humans can control their body language. 4. De Gelder’ study differed from previous ones in that a itused still images. ‘The automatic response to fear 2 is always the same in animals and humans. 'b is responsible for people aciopting different body postures. bb itused images of the face and body. € is the result of careful evaluation of a it showed images of the body. dangerous situation. d_ itused moving images. d_ developed as a way to escape danger. E Complete the sentences below with these words. carryout communicate evaluate focus process react 1. Ittook a moment for the winners to — _____ to the news. 2 Itishardto____ the psychological damage caused by wars, 3. Even without a common language, people find ways to ee 4 Human brains and computers ___ information differently. 5 Neuroscientists want to ‘ests to find out what happens when people laugh. 6 In order to be successful, teachers need to ______ on their body language. are given only a fraction of a second to evaluate the situation. Ifa fire breaks out, for instance, people quickly adopt the body posture of those close to them. However, our reaction to danger is sometimes slowed down as we try to rationalise fear by asking ourselves whether there is a reason to react. 0 fer, neuroscientists have focussed on showing people stills {rom videos, but they are now interested in finding out what happens in the brain when humans watch moving images Teams of neuroscientists around the world, including de Gelders, are carrying out studies in which the participants brains are scanned while they ere watching films. This enables scientists to study how emotional actions are based on movement. Inthe future, such research may be used in the building of robotic human companions that would be able to perceive decide, communicate and react as humans do. vy \ Do you lke watching scary films with other people? Why? / Why not? How does your body respond to being afraid?eVesrel ala las] Orsay V A ocavulary Complete the phrases about feelings with the correct prepositions. at in on out under with 1. The pain of my broken leg was so bad that | was __ agony. 2. Just ____ of curiosity, would you mind telling me what he's like? 3. The thiller was so exciting that we were ___ the edge of our seats. 4. Herbert was so surprised when he saw me that he was ___a loss for words, 5 ttwas__ rogret that the manager announced the company was, closing 6 I don't like your cousin Cara at all; she really gets __ my skin! Replace the words in bold with the following words. amazement anxiety confidence disgust fury joy misery shame ‘The children’s happiness was obvious when they were given the new computer, | He couldn't control his anger when he saw the damage to his car eee James looked up at the world's tallest skyscraper in total surprise. = Knowing that many people live in poverty caused Mandy groat sadness. Martin experienced great worry when his beloved pet went missing, EE eer eee Pee eeee Pe I know she'll succeed; she has a lot of belief in her abilities. She looked at the man who had thrown his rubbish in the street with dislike. ee eee Henry was overcome by embarrassment when the teacher caught him cheating. eVousuna the correct word from each pair. Complete the sentences affect / effect Exam 11 Her words had a strange ___on me. 2 Don'tlet his unkind words —____ you. Transforming words * Before completing the sentences, create alone / lonely a word family for each of the words given in the task, What isthe noun, the adjective, 23 Samantha really doesnt mind ving = the adverb? 4 Humphrey often feels in his huge house. ‘+ Then think about which form best fits in the — 9p in cach sentence + Remember to check the spalling of all 5 Please_________ my apologies to Celia. the words you have written when you 6 Sam finds it difficult to _____ himself. have finished, + You will lose marks if any of your words are Read the Exam Close-up and complete the Exam spelled incorrectly! Task below. Exam Task ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals @Vounena Cesar was 3S when he saw the hoy kick the dag. DISGUST Boing lost in the forest was a__________ experience for Joe. FRIGHT ‘Anne couldn't hide her — ______ when har son received the award. PROUD Helen had studied hard and felt ______ about her exam results. OPTIMISM Elderly people who live alone often suffer from _. LONELY ‘The children were very ______ about going to the beach. ENTHUSIASM Dan expressed his by slamming the door as he left. ANNOY Violet's mum was amazed by her to help with the housework, EAGER BielGiciNiNale Present Simple & Present ntinuous ‘A Read and mark the Present Simple sentences with PS and the Present Continuous sentences with PC. 1. She's getting more and more worried about her health. 2. We're going to the science museum next week. — 3. Helen lives in the city centre, 4 In the photo, two people are arguing. — 5 The adult human brain weighs about 4.3 kilograms, — 6 What are you looking at? 7. He's alwoys telling me what to do! 8 The psychology lecture is at 12o'clock. — 9 I visit my elderly grandparents every weekend. — 10 This week, we're studying the nervous system, — 11. Melissa scores another goal! B. Match the Present Simple sentences in A with the uses below. ‘a. scientific facts and general truths permanent situations habits and repeated actions timetabled and scheduled events narratives (stories, jokes, plots, sports commentaries, et) Match the Present Continuous sentences in A with the uses below. ‘a. something happening now b temporary situations © plans for the future d_ annoying habits (with always, continually, forever, etc) changing situations (often used with comparatives) what is happening in a picture (reece maces (eos) D Circle the correct form of the verb. Approximately 10% of the people that (1) read / are reading this now are left-handed. That's right, 13% of all human beings are left-handed. Some scientists (2} believe / are believing lafchandedness isa trait that parents (3) pass / are passing on to their children in a particular gene. If you (4) have / ere having thet ‘gene, one or more of your children may be left-handed Left-handed people (5) tend / are tending to be more creative than right-handers, and we (6) find / are finding more left- hhanders than normal in creative professions such as music and the ars The reason for this can be found in the brain. The brain (7) works / is working in very complex ways, and scientists (8) ciscover / are discovering more and more about it every day. The left side of the brain, which is responsible for logical skills, (9) contro's /s controling the right-handed side of the body. The right side of the brain, where creativity occurs, i in charge of the left-handed side of the body. This (10) makes /is making left-handers more creative than right-hander. E Complete the sentences using the Present Simple or tho Present Continuous of the verbs in brackets. (you / bake) a cake? tt (emell delicious! You _________ (look) very serious. What you / thins about? (vant) to ask you something, {you / like) science? {have trouble with this maths problem. {not understand) it at alll {seem stressed. He ~ (work) too hard these days. (not come) to the cliffs with us. She (have) a fear of heights. — talk) to Tom? | {not recognise) her. {they / run)? ‘Because a lion (chase) them!” Grandma,Listening A GILAD Listen to the recording and tick (7) the correct B_ HELI Look at the situations and options below. sentence, a or b, in each item that means the same Then listen to the recording and write an as the sentence you hear. appropriate question for each one. 4. a It’sstrange he freaked out at the competition. [7] 1. You will hear a boy speaking to his mother. b it’s weird he didn’t turn up for the competition. [1] a 2 a Cheer up! oO washing the dishes watering the plants BaConcentrat ao © emptying the dishwasher 3a. Thoreisn't any logical reason for his behaviour. [| mcs : b_ I can explain his behaviour. a 2 Lh ae ead teacher speaking to a ei ee an soeee tori oa etn QO ‘a the number of absences the student has had Iwas really disappointed by the film. o the student's inability to concentrate ¢ the student's poor academic results C Read the Exam Close-up and underline the important words in the Exam Task. Exam up Highlighting key words D {8031 Now complete the Exam Task. ‘+ Read the multiple-choice questions first. Identify who is talking and the topic they are talking about. Exam Task — * Reed the questions and underline the key words * Then read the answer options and think about the mesning You will hear people talking in six different of any key words, Ty to think about other words which situations. For questions 1 ~ 6, choose the may mean the same thing, for example ‘severe’ could be best answer, a, b orc expressed also as ‘extreme’ 1 You hear a woman talking about a phobia ‘+ Remember, only one option will answer the question! she has. How does she describe her fear? gone eee b irrational ¢ embarrassing 2. You hear a man talking about his driving test. What is he anxious about? a crashing the car b failing the test © not turning up for the test 3. You hear a woman talking about horror films. What is her opinion of the flm she saw last night? a [twas very amusing, b It was very scary. [twas over-rated. 4. You hear 2 woman talking to her daughter. Why is she talking to her? a to convey her annayance b_ to cheer her daughter up ¢ to express a lack of confidence in her daughter's abilities 5 You overhear two people talking on a plane. 6 You hear a man talking about living alone. How does he feel Why is the man disappointed? when he comes home at night? a He didn't expect to be so uncomfortable. a lonely b He dislikes the food on the plane. b frightened © He feels confused. © peaceful E. (S051) Swap books with a partner and listen to the recording again to check each other's questions. ‘Are your answers the same?Beavis a A. Work in pairs and make questions from the prompts below. 4) What / you / usually /do/ evary afternoon? 2 What / most / interesting place /you/ visit? 3 Which time / year / you /lke best? 4 F/you/ learn / something new / what / it /be? 5. How much time / you / spend / online? 6 you /do / anything interesting / last weekend? 7 you / ever / use / your English / con holiday? 8 What kind /job / you / like / do / in the future? B_ Match the questions in A with the topics shown in the pictures. (C TED Listen to five students answering the questions in A. Which questions do they each answer? ! Useful Expressions Linking words lke watching fms and music programmes Idon’t have much time, s0 usually I havent travelled much, but like to in the future. Idlich’t do anything last weekend, because had to Time expressions First have lunch, then do my homeworkand afterthat. Tenses Exam We usually finish school at Five otlock IF could visit anywhere in the word, 'd.go to... ‘Answering personal questions I've been studying alot recently so haven't done + At the start of the exam, the examiner ‘any traveling will ak you personal questions about Last winter | went to. and, different topics ‘© Try to answer with a few short sentences, Always try to give exemples or reasons for your answers. + Listen carefully to the questions and decide 1D SHI Read the Useful Expressions. Then listen again and answer the questions below. Which students) . what verb tenses you need, e.g, present, 2 answer the question wih fl sentence? past, present perfect, future or conditional caolllngeeedh fo eae nde a mazaseanen ddan ell Which ones do they use? Weeeneelien tet ee une Ume expressions fo sequence a series of events? Which ones? 4. only answer with very short sentences and repeat words? @ give examples or reasons to explain their ideas? E Read the Exam Close-up. Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer the questions in A. Try to expand on your answers and give examples or reasons. Use the Useful Expressions to help you. es 2 sees Do you usually feel anxious before an exam? Ideas Focus Why? / Why not? ‘© Have you ever felt disappointed, happy or proud? When? And why?1 Personally Speaking Present Perfect Simple & Present Perfect Continuous A Tick (/) the sentences that use the Present Perfect Simple and cross (X) the sentences that Use the Present Perfect Continuous. 1. Nigel's eyes are sore because he's been reading all morning. 2. It's the first time | have seen Mark so angry. 3 She's been studying neuroscience for 11 Have you ever had / Have you ever been having a three yeers. tertfying experience? 4 Chuck has been sick; that’s why he looks 2. leet really down. It's rained / I's been raining all day! Kete and | haven't spoken / haven't been speaking Circle the correct words. oO oO o Qo so pale. 5 Abomb has exploded in downtown for along time. Springfield a 4 Of course I'm angry! ve waited / I've been waiting ~~ 6 ve been thinking about my future. zt for you since 10 c'dlock! : 7. You've asked me that question twice already. [) mee ee 8 pie teaven t seen her since she’ moved away. (_) 6 This is the first time | have visited / have been visiting New Yorke and it's so exciting! B Complete the rules with the correct tense name. 2 We use the — for something that happened in the past, but has 2 resultin the present, E Complete the questions with the correct form of the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous of the verbs in brackets. bb foran action that happened several times or 4) Whar’ allthis mess? What repeatedly in the past. (you / do} all morning? € with superlatives and expressions the 2 {you / finish) cooking your fist/second time. omelette yet? for something that happened at an indefinite a: Wit (kim / bey? time in the past. “Took for her all afternoon. efor an action that started in the past and 4 How long they / study) English? continues up to the present with for, since and mm ¥) Eng| rae ao 5 Sorylimlate. —__(yeu/ wat) long? 6 aren / make) up her mind We use the —__ ‘about the new job? : F fora long ection that has just frished and has an effect in the present. F Complete the dialogue with one word in each gap. gto emphasize how long something has been happening usually with for and since Kate: Have you (1) won a lottery h fora recent or unfinished continuous action. prize? Sue: A lottery prize? No I've (2) — won C Read the sentences and answer the question anything. Have you? Kate: Yes. In fact, I've (3) __collected for each sentence. my prize money. A hundred pounds! Shall we Where is Pam now? celebrate? 4 Pam's gone to her friend's house. ‘Sue: Yes, please! That sounds fantastic. 2. Pam's been to her friend's house. Kate: OK then, How about dinner at Sayonara? Have you (4) __been there? Be careful Sue: No, | haven't eaten there (6) We use time expressions with the Present Perfect Infact, haven't been out anywhere @ tenses. Some are used at the end of a question or 6) ages. negative sentence like yet, before and lately. Some Kate: Why not? appear after the subject of a sentence or question lke Sue: I've been studying realy hard (7) oe still and ever, while others are used before the main and (8) haven't vvorb in the sentence like just, already and never. finished revising for exams. Kate: You need a break! Come on, let’s go. | haven't eaten (9) this morning and I'm starving! se pp. 1621227| Use your euglish | Phrasal verbs | A. Match the phrasal verbs to their meanings. F | 1 bottleur «= a feel better 2 burstinto bb stop being angry or excited 3 calmdown [J not express your feelings 4 cheerup = show sudden emotion 8 chicken out [J be too scared to do something 6 freakout =] suddenly feel shocked or become angry B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in A. your feelings; now, tell me what's wrong, 1. You shoulda’ 2. Iwas going to go bungee jumping, but then | 3 ___! Things willbe better tomorrow, I'm sur oft. 4 Ireally________ when I saw that huge spider in the bathroom! 5 Thelittle boy tears when his fevourite toy broke. 6 Please and tell me what happened, Prepositions C Complete the sentences with these prepositions. for in on to Loneliness can sometimes lead severe depression, Most people respond ___ fear in the same way. Her research concentrated how we express emotions. Happiness is closely connected personal satisfaction. You are responsible your own happiness and success. Try to focus eonene the positive things in your life D Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Task below and identify the type of word which is missing Exam up from each gap. Completing gapped texts + Read the text first to gat a general understanding Exam Task «check each gep and ook carefully atthe words which come before and after, E_ Now complete the Exam Task. For questions 1 ~ 8, read the text below and think of a word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. * Decide what type of word is missing, e.g. a orate vet snoun or aprepston and complete A phobia (1)__a strong and irrational fear of + Remember to read the co a situation, activity or thing that is not actually dangerous. arate al nae a eee There are any specific probias. Some ofthe Sorina cae one (2)______ common are acrophobia (fear of heights) ia sil ti and claustrophobia (fear of closed-in places). Social phobia is excessive fear of being in socal situations auch as speaking (3) _____ public or ‘meeting new people. This particular phobia (4) __ have disastrous effects on personal and work elationsips. Other common phobias involve tunnel, water fying and animals. People with phobias try to (5) what they are terrified of, If they cannot, they may become anxious and fearful, and experience a rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, shaking and an uncontrollable desire to get away. (6) _ itis not treated, a phobia can become so bad that the person's (7) — is seriously affected. In fact, people @_ failed in school and last jobs while trying to cope with a severe phobia.Using the correct tone When you are writing a letter or an email, you must make sure that you use the correct tone, For example, an ermal toa friend willbe informal, but a letter of application for a job will be formal. You can achieve an informal tone inthe following ways: ‘= use contracted forms instead of long forms, e.g. Id ike instead of | would like ....Do not use text message style abbreviations. They are informal, but inappropriate. ‘use punctuation such as exclamation marks to show surprise, excitement or enthusiasm, e.g. No way! I couldn't believe it! Ho was hilsious! use a chatty style and less formal language, e.g. | bet New York is great. You have to tell me ALL about it! use a friendly tone at the beginning and end, e.g: Mi, how are you? Lots of love..., Take care. A. Which are formal and which are informal? Write F or |. 1. Unfortunstely, we cannot attend, —_ 6 Thank you kindly for your email, 2. Hope to hear from you soon. 7 lam very grateful for your help. 3. However, | would not recommend it. 8 CULBer—__ 4 Ohwell, you can't have everything! —__ 9 Itwas great to hear from you! __ 5 Anyway, how about visiting? —_ 10. Got any advice for me? B Read the writing task. What does Tom want to know? How many questions do you have to answer? You have received an email from your English-speaking friend, haven't heard from you in ages! What's been happening with you? Do | you like your new town? Tell me about your new school. What’ it ike? Have you made any friends there? | can't wait to hear all about it. Write soon, Tom Write your reply to this email. (140-190 words) C Read the example email and complete it with some of the phrases from A. From: Emma Smith Sent: 21st May __Subject: Hello HiTom a .|'m glad you're well and enjoying university. It sounds like fun, but don’t forget to study! t'm wel, thanks. Getting ready for my music exams, you know, so I'm abit stressed at the moment AAs for this town, | really ike it I's like a postcard with its beautiful old-style streets and buildings. Plus, i's by the sea, The bed news is i's full of tourists in the summer! (2) Z The local school is good and lke my teachers, but | miss my old school and I haven't made any friends yet. You know how shy | am! I realy need to make some friends, but how? (3) ee 4) We live close to the beach so summer would be 2 great time to come. Water sports are really popular here. Maybe we could go skiing or surfing! 6 Emma 4) Read the example email again. Which of the © statements about Emma are true and which are false? > Write T (true) or F (false). She isn’t well because she is taking exams. ‘There is something she doesn't like about her town, She has 2 good social life. She gives Tom some advice. She invites Tor to visit her. — wnene E_ Read the example email again and answer the questions. 1. Has Emma answered all of Tom's questions? 2 Are her answers in the samo ordar as the questions Tom asked? 3. Are Emma's answers in distinct paragraphs? 4 How has Emma achieved an informal tone? Underline ‘examples in the email F Read the Useful Expressions and complete the email below. S é < (1) ____ samt | J Useful Expressions | Greetings Asking for advice ‘ae for your email. It was really great to | | i/ Hello, What would you do? (3)____from you. | | ttwas greet tohear from you. Howcan |...? : | | Thanks foryouremaiVetter. Making suggestions Hoan “thanks. (8) 1 |_| asking for news Why dor't you ..? haven't written, but ve been very (6) Bel ecteve wea tan ene with school and my part-time job. Inever seem to |_| What’ been happening Maybe we could . have any free time these days! | with you? Let's 7 | Giving news Signing off 7 _don'twe gettogether after my | ingens Signing exams next month? I'd love to see you! 1 | tWebeen realy busywith... Bye fornow. | Sorry |haven't written, Allthe best, ® for now, | | Astor Looking forward to | seeing you. Amy Hope to hear from you soon, G Read the Exam Close-up and then complete the Exam Task below. Think about the language and structures you need to achieve an informal tone. Remember to begin and end in a friendly way. Use the Useful Expressions to help you. Exam Task Exam You have received an email from your English-speaking friend. Planning your response a fv nay ished my exams! think id OK, but * cee Neel RoR ar I'm not sure. What about you? How were your you star. ee exams? Are there any subjects you're worried about? How did you cope withthe stress? | thought I was going to go crazy! Anyway, let me know how you're doing Write soon, Jim ‘+ Make sure you include answers to all the questions in the letter you are responding to. ‘+ Remember to read your letter and check it carefully before you finish. Write your reply to this email, (140-190 words)Before you watch A Match the words to the meanings. 1. the art of producing beautiful handwriting using a brush or a special pen 2 a person who has come to live in a country from some other country 3. a painting or drawing of a particular person 4 somebody who represents the ideas, customs and arts oftheir country While you watch B Watch the video clip and decide if these statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. a portrait b cultural ambassador © immigrant Ooood calligraphy About eight million people live in the multicultural city of New York. Ming's mother taught him calligraphy and painting. ‘When Ming first worked in New York he drew landscapes for tourists ‘The New York Chinese Cultural Centre runs a programme at Public School 36 in Harlem, Children have the opportunity to have contact with people from other backgrounds through the programme. Ming believes he also helps children learn about people from China. oun une gooo000 After you watch C Complete the summary of the video clip below using these words. artist benefits cosmopolitan differences ethnicity introduces practises tourists 3 a The (1)___ city of New York has many immigrant communities. Artists there use their cultural (2) 10 learn from each other. Mingliang Lu, who was born in Shanghai, but moved to the USA in 1990, is one of these artists. Ming learned calligraphy and painting from a young age. When he went to America he worked on the street, drawing and painting portraits of (3) ______. But this was a hard way to make a living. He now works for the New York Chinese Cultural Centre programme. He teaches art to children at Public Schoo! 36 in Harlem. ‘The programme (4) both Ming and the children. Ming (5) —_______in the field he has been trained for and the children learn first hand about Ming's cultural background, ‘The children regard Ming as their teacher from China. But Ming locks beyond (6) ___and just sees them as pupils who want to learn how to paint. Ming is both a(n) (7) and a cultural ambassador. His art opens @ door to @ new world for these children, He teaches Chinese painting and calligraphy to the children and at the same time (8) them to Chinese culture. student learn calligraphy Teacher a ‘Would you like to be a cultural ambassador for your country? Why? / Why not? What do you think are the advantages oflving in a ‘cosmopolitan city? How cane learn about other people's cultures?2 One World? "Reading: Vocabulary: Grammar: Listening: ‘Speaking: Use your English: Writing: multiple matching, finding similar words and phrases in the text culture-related words, countries, adjective form of countries, looking at text around a gap past simple & past continuous, used to & would, past simple vs present perfect simple ‘gapped text, predicting content talking about cultures and lifestyles, decision making, talking together, managing a discussion phrasal verbs, collocations & expressions an opinion essay, organising your essay, writing topic sentences, planning your opinion essay, introducing points, introducing your opinion, concluding & summarisingP2 (@yatenWVelleleg Reading | ‘A How has your country changed in the last 50 | years? Discuss the changes below. + availabilty of goods availabilty of services people's ability to travel food preferences popular music Globalisation lan Snell, 24, England Globalisation can be very beneficial for some i people, but not for others. ithas destroyed my community. There used to be five factorias in this town, and they were the biggest source of employment for miles around. Then, one by ono, | they closed their doors here and moved to countries ‘where itis cheaper to produce goods. As a business decision, it makes good sense ~ they can pay a worker in China or India less than £1 an hour, instead of £7 an hour for a British worker. Once their products have been manufactured, they are shigped back to the UK and sold here. The factory owners make bigger profits and get richer, but the unemployed workers are left with no jobs and no future, There are many tons like that in the UK, not just mine: they are depressing places where the people have givan up hope of ever living well B What is globalisation? Read the article quickly. | Then tick (V) the sentences that are true. 1 Itbrings together different parts of the world. [7] 2 Ie benefis every person inthe world.) | 3. Itleads to people around the warld having similar experiences. [ ] 4 Ithas the potential to create world peace. [1] Bomani Traore, 38, Malawi Before the factory opened, we could barely survive and it hurt me deeply to see my childran hungry. My home had a small garden where my family grew some vegetables and kept 2 few chickens for eggs | and a goat for mik, but it wasn’t enough. Our lives were extremely difficult. Sometimes, months would pass without any rain and the plants would die The village children didn't go to school because they had to work to help support their families. Without education, they couldn't improve their lives. twas an endless circle of poverty for ‘our people, until they were offered jobs in a nearby town. A foreign company opened a clothing factory there a few years ago. Now, we are able to look after our families and send our children to school. We used to feel so bad about our lives, but now we are happy.Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Task below and underline the key words. Finding similar words and phrases in Complete the Exam Task. thetext _____Exam_Task || # It's 2 good idea to read the matching f For questions 1 - 10, choose from paragraphs (A - D). | questions before you read the article, i | | The paregraphs may be chosen more than once. | * Underline the key words in each | | Which person matching question so you understand : what information you need to look for. + Read the article quickly to get a general understanding of it. ‘+ Look for words and phrases in the article that link to the key words you underlined in the frst question. Continue with the remaining questions until you have matched them all | 1. has personal experience of the benefits of globalisation? | 2. does not want o be a part of a foreign culture? 3 talks about the pros of globalisation for the whole world? 4. lived in @ place where there were many jobs? 5 is concerned about the spread of globalisation? & describes an event that made a positive impact? 7 mentions the gap between the wealthy and the poor? thinks co-operation between countries is possible? 9 talks about a change in a country’s dietary preferences? }0. says people shouldn't be afraid of globalisation? onooo0o0o0o0o0 ‘Word Focus! —, -E Complete the sentences with the word given in the correct form. Use the words in the article to help you. source: the place something comes : from or starts at 41 Increasing intemational trade is very _____ for a country. (benefit) profit: money earned afterpaying | 2 Whatdo the young people do inthis town? (employ) the costof producing and selling 3 The mayor will attend a at the tonight (culture) ySemaen' 1 mayor wi ___event atthe museum tonight (culture) poundarys real or imagined ine that 4 Milions of people around the world vein conditions. (pocr) | marks theedge of something 5. Doyou think the demonstration will be orviolent? (peace) _ tolerance: wilingness to accept beliefs youtiiniadie deineter ~ [peace thatarediferenttoyourown | 6 love Greek food; i's delicious! (tradition) Iyres the word to asong | DD Kes! ono, 75, sapan Personally, | fee! threatened by ol , ned by globalisation. | won that Westem cuture wil destroy or localcurtons ced Emily McBride, 21, Scotland traditions. The spread of American culture in particu ‘The best thing about globalisation is that with its TV shows, Hollywood movies, rap oe hho itereates a ‘global village’ that we're al a music, and food chains like McDonald's and KFC really part of. love feeling connected tothe rest worties me. Before American Of the world in that way. Of course, a global style fastfood caught on, people village has a global culture instead of the here in Japan used to eat more old national cultural boundaries. For some ‘ice and vegetables and a lot less people this cates fears about losing thait ted mest, bread, dairy products national identity and becoming something and sugary food. These days, they're not. | understand how they feel, but young Japanese seen ones I believe a global culture will lead to more eat rubbish and it wll affect their tolerance and respect for other people, health very badly in the future and make the world a more peaceful place. As for our traditional music, wel, ‘Also, in a global village, we will be able to the young people are just not solve global environmental problems by interested init. They prefer to. discussions. Such problems include air or listen to songs sung in Englsh, tater pollution thats created in one country even fthey cant understand the ‘crossing into another, overfishing in the Iyres! Globalisation ie destroying ‘worlds oceans and climate change. If we all the uniqueness of different feel that we are on the same side, we can lifestyles andl cultures, and it deal with problems together, and that makes makes me sad ‘me hopeful for the future. Hovr has globalisation affected teenagers inyour county’? | [leas FOCUS 'Do you think globalisation is a good idea? Wry? / Why not?P One World? Vocabulary A Circle the odd ones out. + global intemational local universal | 2 culture knowledge lifestyle society 3. belief concept experience idea 4 aspect event occurrence phenomenon 5 expand extend demand spread & exchange provide swap trade i B Complete the word groups with the countries they are associated with. | Brazil China Egypt The Netherlands America India Sweden Switzerland 1 snow, reindeer, __ 5 desert, pyramids, a \ 2 canals, bicycles, 6 watches, mountains, ace | 3 bamboo, pandas, 7 spices, tea, sete Fi 4 dancing, beaches, highways, cars, | C Complete the sentences with the adjective form of the countries in B. 4 1. There are hundreds of drive-through fastfood restaurants in________ cities. 2. You can see pretty windmills in the countysida, ‘| 3. The museum is famous forts collection of mummies. i 4 Many cheap a goods are now available all over the city. | 5 love — cuisine, but some dishes are very hot! b iepeseeanasn people love skiing and dog sledding. | 7 They say he’s got a secret_______ bank account! {8 The most successful national football team is the team, D Read the Exam Close-up. Then complete the Exam Task. Use the words below to help you. Exam up 1 civilisations customs export homelands Looking at text around a gap influence networks ports roadways + Beloreyouconplete gapped wx, ‘Quickly read the whole text fst for General Exam Task understanding, For questions 1 - 8, read the text below and think of a word ‘+ Then read each sentence with a gap carefully. which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap, + Decide which type of word is missing (adjective, ver, noun, ete.) ‘The beginning of internati eae: aerial sree * Think about what each gapped sentence means Inancient times, there were no proper efeitos ane ea (1) _________, so the most efficient way to transport sea To i eeec tet 2 {goods rom one place to another was on water. or thi Teason, the fist and most extensive trade Bedouln traders at an Afican camel market are rivers like the Nitin Egypt, the Tigris and the Euphrates in present-day aq and the Yellow River in China. Cities | were built by those rivers and grew rch by using the rivers for the Hh import and (3) of goods. \ | Trade routes over land, conducted by caravans, developed in the seventh and eighth centuries after camels were domesticated. Towns and (4)__~__ appeared wherever the caravans stopped | in order to rest, or to transfer the goods they were carrying to ships. Many Greek and Roman towns were founded this way, expanding their )—______ until their 6) _ was felt in ‘Africa and Asia. And in each of these places, foreign traders shared stories end (7) from their (8) —— leaving more than just ther spices, textiles or pottery behind,Past Simple & Past Continuous A Read sentences 1-9 below. Underline the sentences that "use the Past Simple and circle the sentences that use the _ Past Continuous. 4 Assoon as the plane landed, Ted switched on his mobile and checked his emails 2. Tho village tribe elected 2 new chief every year 3. My cousin was working as a history teacher atthe time Itwes a beautiful day; the sun was shining and the birds were singing. ‘The Romans conquered Briain and other areas. was reading the recipe when | spilt the hot milk. At ten o'clock last night, | was watching a film about the Persians. ‘We were very tired after the concert. While Josh was reading an article about globalisation, Tina was sleeping on the sofa. B Write Past Simple or Past Continuous above each set of uses. for @ completed action in the past for past habits and routines for past states for an action in progress at a particular moment in the past for a longer action that was interrupted by a shorter action for two or more longer actions happening at the same time for temporary situations in the past, to provide background information in a story the verbs in brackets. There (1)___ be) many similarities between the civilisations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Both were rich in culture and (2)_____ (contribute) to the development of other civiisations (create) in the east and the west. They were both (3) forms of writing with picture symbols which they were mainly (4) (use) to keep records in palaces and other government centres. Both civilisations (5) 6 Egyptian civilisation was (7) —__ —— (10)___{lead) to incredible cultural advancement. Lock at the sentences. Which verb forms are incorrect? While the archasologist dug in the desert, a sand storm began Thoy were discovering the ruins of the an‘ Did you used to listen to jazz with your grandfather? for complated actions that happened one after the other in the past Complete the text with the Past Simple or the Past Continuous of (establish) themselves along famous rivers ~ while the cities and tovins of Mesopotamia {opring up) between the Tigris and the Euphrates, (develop) slong the Nile. De to their positions on waterways, they were able to trade and thoy — (become) wealthy. Also, both civilisations were (9) (come up with) naw ways of farming to handle the regular floods from the rivers. These developments in trade and agriculture Bolla tried to paint a portrait, but she didn’t know what she was doing, it temple a century ago. The children would always get excited whon we went to museums. Used to & Would ; C We use used to for states, habits and repeated actions in the past. We use would for habits and repeated actions in the past, but we do not use it for past states. Read the sentences below and decide which one is wrong. Why is it wrong? dim liked traditional dancing when he was younger, slim would like traditional dancing when he was younger. Jim used to like traditional dancing when he was younger. eae Coca ee eee ‘Assyrian WerionOne World? Listening A. GERD Read the sentences below and discuss with a partner what kind of words (e.g. verb, noun, adjective, etc.) can go in the gaps. Then listen to see if you were correct. 1. You should go to Museum Island if you are on a tour of 2. The sland has made a name for itself as 3 ___ centre in Berlin 3 Musoum Island houses __ museums 4. These impressive buildings wore built between ___ and 5 In 1999, the island _____ a UNESCO World Heritage Site. B_ iC) Now listen again and complete the sentences. Exam C Read the Exam Close-up and underline the key words in Predicting content the Exam Task below. + Look at the gops and try to predict what kind of word's missing ~ a verb, a noun, an D 205 Now complete the Exam Task. adjective, an adverb, a date, aneme, ete. '* Read the gapped sentences and underline Exam Task the key words. For gapped sentences, the You will har part ofa radio report about a cultural fostival key words ae usualy jst before or right For questions 1 - 8, complete the sentences with a word or sitar the gap. short phraso 1. The speaker says foreign travel and madern technology play nin spreaging news about other places. The Berlin Long Night dates back to The Berlin event takes place twice yearly ~in ___and__. You can buy a — for The Long Night for only €15. ‘As well as visiting museums, you can also go to concerts, The Long Night is now a___in many major cities worldwide. In Saint Petersburg, they hold the every year to celebrate the long summer nights. In mid-June the daylight finally diseppears at or film viewings. eNousun E Qa Listen again and check your answers. rae career PreemieCAKIND) ‘Work with a partner and answer these questions. “4 Doyou like to learn about other cultures.and civilisations? Wy? / Why not? + How does your lifestyle differ from that of your grandparents? B_ Write down as many ways of finding out about other cultures as you can think of. Then work with a partner and discuss the questions below. + What are the advantages and disadvantages of your ideas? {+ Which ideas would appeal most to your age group? Why? | Which of the ideas would you not choose? I snich ofthe eee Talking together | € Read the Exam Close-up. Work with a partner. ‘+ Remember that there are two parts to the discussion D Now complete the Exam Task in pairs. Use the «+ Tiy to talk about all the options together fist | Useful Expressions to help you «Don’t take turns individually talking about each photo. Talk together! - Exam Task + Consider all the suggestions before you Imagine that your cass has to do a project about other cultures. answer the second question and make a Hore are some ways in which yau could find out about them. decision. Talk to each other about how useful these suagestions would == be. Now decide which two would be the best for your class and © age group. visit the coun | mariecuey Wetec E ! \ How useful are those “Se research techniques? eat something § 7 of rch techniques related to the ‘culture Word Focus —_——. in a big city? Discuss the following with a partner. slum: a very poor and crowded area in a city discrimination: treating a group of people unfairly * safety * work ‘because of their skin colour, religion, etc ¢ transport leisure time ethnic group: a group of people with a particular + environment + community rationality | immigrant: a person who has come to a different ‘What do you think it would be like to live in these country to lve there permanently cities? Read the article and see how many of your mugged: attacked and robbed in a publicplace ideas were right. gritty: ough and not attractive Carolina, 17 (Sao Paulo, Brazil) {ive in Heliopolis, a favela in Sao Paulo. A favela is called a slum in Enalish, 0 you can probably guess what i’ like, Most favelas began as illegal settlements, where poor workers built very simple homes, and Heliopolis. is no exception. My house has three small rooms and | live with my parents and two brothers, 50 we're cramped. A cousin from Rio de Janeiro recently asked me if| would prefer to live in a more attractive district. | suppose ‘a larger house on a pretty street would be nice, but to me, Heliopolis is special because it has so much community spirit and I don't think I'd find that anywhere else. The Heliopolis residents are warm and friendly and live well together. The problem is the discrimination we suffer from middle-class neighbourhoods that look down on us. [EJ Ben, 16 (Sydney, Australia) Sydney isa city on the water that is also close to mountains, so ‘we have a great lifestyle here. Not many cities can combine urban living with such activities in the fresh air. | surf atthe local beach, but do have to be careful about sharks - they're a real threat! ‘Another great thing about Sydney is the mix of diferent ethnic groups and cultures; ust in my street, there are fernlies with backgrounds from Croatia, Lebanon, Vietnam, China and india ‘That's typical in this city. My own grandparents came here from Wales in the 1960s. There are opportunities for everyone here and © resources for immigrants and disadvantaged people. | think we're | really fortunate to ive in a metropolis that has so much to offer and 0 few of the problems that affect other major cities. 'd love to travel and see the world one day, but Sydney will always be home.jead the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam “sk below and underline the key words. J] Skimming and scanning for specific information Begone the Ea Teak, || = Before you reed the text, underline the key r | © words in the questions | m 1 anne Exam Tasik + Skim read the text to get the main ideas Rouse going to read an article about four teenagers who | Scan the text to look for specific information | jve in big tes. For questions 1 - 10, choose from the which metches the key words in the questions. jeenagers (A ~ D). The teenagers may be chosen more than once. Fh toonager E Find tho meaning ofthe words inthe is from a city with two distinct architectural styles? oa uae Led eave tees to complete lives in a disadvantaged area? a : PEF ces boon a vcwin of crne? q district ipara A) community (para A) resident (para A) metropolis (para 8) enjoys an active outdoor life? o aa i alley (para C) pedestrian (para D) is proud of their city’s place in the world? a a 6 tae aout a fesing of belonging in the neighboutood? [) hal Deine regret ieg aY ; cislikes it when some poople break the law? o 2. The local council is responsible for js in a city that has welcomed many new residents? Oo collecting the rubbish in our _ bg mentions a popular pastime in their city? o 3 Tolyo, the capital city of Japan, isa huge feels lucky to live in the their city? “with millions of inhabitants, 7 4 This is @ dangerous road to cross; a was nearly killed here last [ef Alison, 16 (New York City, USA) week. "New Yor’ has a reputation as a dangerous city 5 The largest Greek __ outside of Personally, I've never been mugged and I've never Greece is in Melbourna, Australia, teen ony tnd et vilene| but there are times : “ tihon | feel insecure eal dopends on what A Thal a neighbourhood I'm in. Some are worse than others, a fo ust have to be careful whore go and when | gothere For example, | woules wak down» dark Bley alone et ight fs jut common sens to avoid Gartinglaces and ifs someting you woud so in q any big ‘On the plus side, though, there's a buzz tralencrgy New York that otter oy has You feel that things are happening here and that you're arto someting special We New Yorkers le to think our city is the centre of the universe. I'm sure toine people would gree but forme, tly the mest excing cy on Earth, [Dypetros, 17 (Athens, Greece) It’s hard to describe Athens. For most foreigners, i's a city famous for its ancient ruins, but they don't see the gritty side, ft has its far share of ugly modern buildings and graffiti, too. | suppose you could Say i's a city of contrasts. Another thing that characterises Athens are the pedestrian-only areas in diferent parts of the city. There are cafes, pastry shops and restaurants with outside seating in these ‘areas, but cars and motorbikes drive through them illegali! That kind of behaviour is typical, too. | find it pretty annoying, but there aren't ‘enough police to stop them. Speaking of cafes, Athenians spend a lot of time there. It's another feature of Athenian life. Spending two or three hours over a caffes is acceptable, and no one's pressured ‘to drink up and leave. Unlike other cities, we never drink coffee on EN) the run, thas to be enjoyed, and preferably with friends! es mm Ideas FOCUS | + What ere the best things about city living? ——___J Would you live in the countryside? Why? / Why not?i Vocabulary A\ Match the definitions with these words. 1 flatmate o 2 intetitere oo A. Aporson who pays rent forthe use of building 3. landlord/landlady F] B_Aperson who lives in an empty building without permission. 4 lodger oO © Aperson who pays for a room in someone else's house. 5 occupant oo D Apperson you share an apartment with & resident oo E A person who owns a building and receives rent for it 7 squatter Q F Aperson who lives in a place. 8 tenant oO B_ Complete the sentences with these words. commercial district industrial inner outskirts residential suburb urban 1. James livesonthe ___of the city and it takes him ages to got to the city centre. 2 The majority of the world’s population lives in___________ areas, which is why cities are so crowded 3. We're looking for a new house with a garden in a quiet snaneEne area that is close to schools. 4 Its crazy on Saturday mornings in the area as everyone is out doing their shopping, 5 Idon'tlike ______ city areas because they're usually dirty full of graffiti and really ugly! 6 I grew up in af) ‘of Melbourne called Clayton whichis about 20 kilometres from the city centre. 7. Fifth Avenue in Manhattan is in the most expensive shopping —____ in the world. | 8 Many factories are located in the _____________"park on the edge of town. | / Circle the correct words. 1. We drove along a tree-lined alley / avenue and then turned right into a narrow alley / avenue. 2. stepped onto the pavement / parking meter, locked my car and put some coins into the: pavement / parking meter. 3 As she approached the junction / trafic light, she slowed down beceuse the junction / trafic light was red. Basil damaged his car because he was looking for a street sign / speed bump and didn’t see the street sign / speed bump. 5. Drivers must always stop at a pedestrian area / zebra crossing and they must never enter a pedestrian area / zebra crossing 6 Don't drive over the speed cameras / speed limit because there are speed cameras / speed limit everywhere and you will be caught! | D Work with a partner. Where are these streets and what are they famous for? OXFORD STREET W1 CITY OF WESTMINSTER DOWNING STREET SW1 ‘ITY OF WESTIINSTERHenry has decided he's going to become an 1. Future Simple for predictions architect. 2 Future Simple for decisions taken at the moment Will you help me with my project on green roofs? of speaking ‘The old tenants will have moved out of the fiat Future Simple for requests iby Friday. 4 Future Simple for promises Cities will become more crowded in the future. 5. Future Continuous for actions/situations in 000 O By December, Iwill have been working for ten years. progress at a future time o ‘Watch out! The ladder is going to fall 6 Be going to for intentions Oo Shall we go to the cinema tonight? 7 Be going to for predictions based on evidence [_] ‘The estate agent will be showing us the house atone Future Perfect Simple for events that will happen o'clock before a specific future time o 1 Don't worry. I'l do the housework before you © Future Perfect Continuous for long get home. actions/situations before a future time Oo Shall | go to the supermarket for you? 40. Shall for offers o T think 'l take the bus today. 114. Shallfor suggestions o (Senne eS) C Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences. Use the word in bold. B Circle the correct words. 1. Wait a minute. | will get / willbe getting dressed very quick’y. 1 I'm going to the city centre tomorrow and I'm going to buy a pair of 2. Sue will have been working will shoes. when work here for ten years by the end to the city centre tomorrow, I will fof the month. buy a pair of shoes. 3. Mary won't eat / won't have eaten, 2. Their meeting at the town hall is on Saturday. having so let's take her # sandwich. They __ at the town hall on Saturday. 4 “Mum will be finishing / will have 3. Hurry up, Mark! We'll get to the station after the train leaves. will finished cooking by the time we 5 When | get home in the aftemoon, 7 my brother will be watching / will ‘watch his fevourite TV programme. & Don't forget. The plane lands / will By the time we get tothe station, the train The traffic light must chenge to green before you can go. until Youcan'tgo____________ to green. 5 Oh, nol That bridge looks shaky! to land at 7 pm. ‘Oh, no! That bridge —__ _______ collapse! 6 | started building my new house in February and it's now April. have By May, mynew house for four months.Listening A Circle the correct words. 1. Aperson who lives in a city isa city-dweller /etizen, 4 Ifa part of the brain regulates something, it controls it / makes it normal 2 Constant annoying sound is called noise 5. Ifyou visit the city on a regular basis, you rarely / often go there. leval / polation 4 Town planners are people whose job itis to design towns and 3. The countryside is a(n) urban / rural area, ICID Listen to three speakers and answer the questions. There is one question for each speaker. 11 What kind of place does the woman describe Brighton as? 2 Why doesn’t the man like cities? 3 What kind of people has the woman met in Brighton? Now listen again and choose the best answer (a, b or c) for questions 1-3 in B. a arural village on the coast bb a large inland city € acity by the sea a He can't find employment there, b_ He would rather live somewhere quieter a b He likes to be by people from her hometown mainly local people people from different backgrounds Read the Exam Close-up and underline the important words in the Exam Task. ‘RIAD Now complete the Exam Task. cities / organise events in urban areas, Exam Preparing to listen * Before you listen to an interview in the exam, make sure you understand all the questions fist. + Underline the important words in the multiple- choice questions and answers. + Make notes while you listen and don’t worry if you can't answer a question ~ go on to the next one, ‘+ Then go back and complete the answers you missed. Don't leave any questions. Guess if you have to! Exam Task You will hear an interview with a psychologist called Karen Black, who's talking about the effects of city living cn health. For questions 1 ~ 6, choose the best answer (@, bord), 11 What does Karen Black claim will happen by 2050? ‘a. There will be more job opportunities in rural areas, b Salaries will be higher in cities. ¢ The majority of people will ive in cities 2. In comparison to those in rural areas, people who live incities, a. have higher stress levels. b have a lower standard of living, ¢_ have fewer job opportunities 3 Inthe city a crime is on the rie, b_ there is enough room for everyone. € it isn’t as noisy asin rural areas, 4. People who live in the suburbs a have a higher quality of lfe than rural dwellers. b are negatively affected by the stresses of the city. rarely traval to urban areas, 5 What has Karen's research proved? a that city-dwellers’ brains operate differently to rural-dwellers’ brains that the amygdala regulates emotions ¢ that mood swings are more common in city-dwellers 6 Who does Karen say these results might be useful to? a mental health patients town planners ¢ health-care workers F HCI Listen again and check your answers.B Write down as many posi C Read the Exam Close-up. Then complete the + some ideas. Talk together about each of the suggestions. 7 Useful Expressions —_—___—— - | Agreeing Disagreeing Partly agreeing | Yes youre absolutely) ight about I dont think ts true that \agtee with you up to point about couldn't agree more that Iimsorry, but | don really agree that... fm not entirely convinced that. Work with a partner and answer these juestions. Do you live in an urban or a rural area? ‘What are the advantages and disadvantages of the place where you live? “= How could your hometown become a better place to live? fe features of big cities as you can think of in one minute. Then Took at the pictures in the Exam Task to see if any of these are illustrated by the pictures. Exam Task in pairs. Use the Useful Expressions to help you. 3 Exam Task Imagine that your class has to do a presentation on the ‘most important benefits about living in a city. Here are Expressing: ‘+ Remember it’s important to interact your partner when you do this task. * Don’t forget to ask for and give opinions, and agree and disagree with your partner + Listen carefully to what your partner says and see if you can add ideas or give contrasting points of view. entertainment ise Teathsenices Ng What are the advantages of living in city? cultural activities and shopping areas, Now you have one minute to decide which two benefits should go in the presentation. agree entiely with you when you say....__Imaftaid | disagree with you about. How are people who live in cities diferent from those who liven the countryside? + Some people think cities are lonely places? Do you agree?Countable & Uncountable Nouns aa Exot 1 A few uncountable nouns end in -s, but they fallow the rules for uncountable nouns and take a singular verb. Some of these nouns are news, maths, physics, A Countable nouns can be singular or plural. 7 Uncountable nouns refer to abstract ideas or things that cannot be counted. They cannot be used with an indefinite article a/an economics, pols, athletic. and they cannot be made plural, Look at Maths i my best subject. the sentences below. Which of the nouns 2. Some nouns only have a plural form and take a in bold are countable (C) and which are halves 4 uncountable (UJ? incouesbl6 (Uy Thay include clothes, jeans, trousers, feelings, glasses, 1. The air in ities is dity and there is scissors, outskirts. ‘ rubbish in the streets. oo The outskirts of the city are too far from the centre. 2. We'te looking for accommodation SR Sueee@e BLE Is there a hotel nearby? oo 3. There are lots of shops in the centre, but business isn't good 4 Jack hasn't got any money. He [In] Quantifiers ; © Some quantifiers can be used only with countable or se have little interest in staying here. B The nouns below can be both countable and pose athave [ite kyterest in staying here. eece work c uncountable nouns, while others such as some, any, no, 5 Very important research is done in Ee lots of and a lot of can be used with both. Look at the | these tno laboratories. (CIT) words in bold in the sentences and complete the gaps. 6 All mes abies in this city create So Few people lke living in this village because there aren't er eae Oo many services and there isn't much entertainment, so young uncountable depending on their meaning. ee andd can only be used with countable | Explain the different meanings. nouns ! experience fire glass hair light noise 2 Niners here: nny Da used Wh Uncouneeaaaa paper room re D Which of these sentences are correct (C) F Read the text below and think of the word which best or incorrect (I)? fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. 1. Take the rubbishes outside, please 2. There is some good news for you in this letter. 3. Hurry up! We don’t have many time. 4. The police were asking questions about Carol. 5. We'te still waiting for some new ecuipments. 6 He gave me a useful advice, _ Lisbon E Match the phrases with the nouns. Very (1) ____ cities in Europe are like Lisbon, Portugal's unique. ‘capital. Apart from its distinctive faco music and incredible cuisine, 1 apicceof C] a soup it cookeat Fe dered Visitors notice something else ~ the amount of graft that can be seen across the city e elretete eli aed ae There's something special about (2) of the graff, Lisbon | 4 aupol Od tuna hagso(@) empty bulsings thatthe cy asked gai 5 abowlof — (] @ milk artists to decorate them with giant murals. In fact, it is estimated that 6 atnof =F cots the number of abandoned buildings justin the city centre is over 4,000. Crumbling buildings that were boarded up have come to life again as ‘eanvasses for (4) itban artists. Some residents believe that it has brightened up the city contre and added ‘pits charm, but others disagree. They have (5) interest in urban artand would prefer to have (6). graff at llyour Gn al ish Collocations & Expressions - C One word completes all of these phrases. Write the isal verbs word and then complete the sentences with the phrases. home. “Match the phrasal verbs to their meanings. getaway [] 4 movoout 1 hangout [] § settledown [] moveinto [] right on the start living a fixed and routine life paint the red leave a place you lve in hall ‘spend time socially 1. ve just won the lottery! Let’s 3 2 on |e go on holiday or for a short break 4 tsar lvng in place 2. Archie ves in Edinburgh now, but Glasgow is his B_ Complete the sentences with the correct, Scere cee eee form of the phrasal verbs from A. 3. The new archaeological museum is the ip After nding 8 good job in the city, Hetcy 4 The mayor asked the residents to attend a meeting at the decided it was time to get married and bi Neeting e 5 Factories closed down, people moved away anc 2 tm "ot my fet tomorrow fae ee Bamar and my fends are helping me to peck 6 Let's go out for dinner and a film; wo haven't had a —3- tots of teenagers who live in eties erties —— with their friends at malls. D Read the Exam Close-up. Then quickly read the text in 4 | can’t stand the pollution in the city! | need to the Exam Task and answer the questions. a fora fow days 5. Alicia sso excited She's her new flat tomorrow! 1. How does city living make many people feel? 2. In what kind of building do many city-dwellers ive? E Complete the Exam Task — Exam Task | For questions 1 - 8, read the text below and decide | Which answer (a, b, ¢ or d) best fits each gap. Exam up Pushing and shoving. Stress and anxiety. For many people, that's Choosing the correct word what cy ving i, There ae erwdsavarywhare and theres vey Tite 5 Wns muteplechelee tex, you (1) space. Cities like Shanghai, Cairo and Mexico City heve a high ane eae eee | 2\__ censity, that is, the number of people per square kilometre, frst to get a general understanding. so thoy ae always crowded. In order to provide accommodation | fermions of ety-dwel, apartment bulngs have sprung up everywhere and some cites have become (3) jungles. Cites || ere also incredibly noisy due to the constant traffic and such (4)__ "pollution often leads to stress for the inhabitants. They're always tushing here and there, (5)___ their busy lives. Surely they want Some peace and quiet, a way t0 escape the (6) —_ rae. Interesting, however, there are people who thrive in such environments. New Yorkers, for example, enjoy living life in the (7)__ lane and taking advantage of everything the city has to offer. Where else, they ask, would they come across poopie rom al (8)__ of fe? And where | ele oul they make ther dreams come ue? ‘+ Then read each sentence carefully and make sure you know what type of word is missing, ‘© Look at the multiple-choice options and see if there is a word that fits. Where words are similar, take time to read the options carefully ‘+ Read the sentence with the word you have chosen to make sure it makes | 1 a private -b personal € only 4. individual 2 a number b people «population d__expansion 3a concrete b solid © cement d fixed 4 a sound —b human €_heating d noise 5 a dealing —b walking leading watching 6 a rt b cat € horse d- dog 7asow bb late © fast douick Ba walks — b works —¢ departments stages “Do you think living in @ busy city can be stressful? Ideas Focus Why? / Why not? Inyour opinion, what features would perfect city have?Engaging your reader + When you write an article, the main purpose is to interest and engage your reader. + You can engage your reader with the use of direct and indirect questions. By involving the reader in this way, you make them think more about what they are reading and also what their own opinion is, in addition, by using question forms in your article, you show that you can handle a range of different grammatical structures. But don't stop there! You can also use the passive voice, conditional sentences, comparisons and so much moro. Finally, make sure you go over your written work carefully to get rid of any mistakes. Check spelling, punctuation and grammar. A. Read the writing task below and answer the questions. ‘You have seen this announcement on an international website for young people What will be the biggest challenge for cities in the future? will we be able to deo! with it? ‘We will publish the most interesting articles next month. Write your article in 140-190 words in an appropriate style. 11 How many parts are there to the article? What are they? How are they different? 2. Can yau think of an interesting ttle for the article? B Read the introductions. Which one is better? Why? How can the other one be improved? ) 1. Modern cities are ful of traffic and pollution. Understandably, many people believe these problems will become worse in the future and will make if in cities impossible. But what if the biggest challenge for citias is something else? 2. Citios in the future will be worse than they are now, and because of this, city people will experience many problems. ‘These problems will make life very difficult for them and it wll be hard to live in cities. C Read the example article. Then, summarise the writer's ideas for each paragraph in your notebook. oa \ Future challenges Modem cities are ful of traffic and pollution. Understandably, many people believe these problems will become warse in the future and will make life cities impossible. But, what f the biggest challenge for cities is somethi Cities need energy to survive. They cannot function without electricity or petrol, which we get when we burn fossil fuels. But one day, fossil fuels will cun out. Have you ever wandered what city life wil be like when they do? We won't have electricity or heating and cooling systems. Public transport will come to a halt. Schools, shops and other services will cease to function Fortunately, we already have the technology to deal with this challenge. The problem is that we are not using it. For example, all city buildings could use energy from the sun and wind for electricity and heating, In adeition, public transport could become electric. It’s possible for cities to survive without fossil fuels if we invest in alternative FRESE cncra. This cleaner technology wil also help make the planet a batter eee place. We need to make important changes now, so we don't face major ri problems later else? D Imagine you are going to write an article based on the topic in A. Write your own ideas for each paragraph in your notebook. Give yourself three minutes to do this.Look at the example article and answer the questions. "Haas the vrrter covered both parts of the topic? Hes the writer begun and ended the article effectively? 3 Wie your own introduction or conclusion for the topic in A. Use your summary from C to guide you. Write 20-30 words. Read the sentences below and create questions to interest the reader. Use the questions in A as ‘an example. 41. The increase in air travel is having a big impact on the environment. 2 Inthe future, green energy such as solar and wind power will be essential 3 Inthe next 100 years, the use of cars will become far less common. G Read the Exam Close-up and make a plan for the Exam Task. Remember to involve your readers by ‘asking questions. Use the Useful Expressions to help you. H_ Write your article to complete the Exam Task. Serer) Useful Expressions Direct questions Talking about the future Have you ever Oneday, wondered ...? Not too long from now, What wouldlifebellke Inthe not toodistant ft future, cure, | Do you think...? |n50 years fromnow, Can you imagine ..2 Indirect questions wonder what... wll Imagine what ... willbe lke, in 50years'time, | Exam Keeping your reader interested * You can make your article more interesting if you provide descriptions and examples. Not ‘only do these support your opinion, but they make an article livelier. + Make sure you involve your readers by asking questions, Introduction: Introduce the topic and give a brief opinion on it (20-35 words). Discuss the differences, (60-60 words) Main paragraph 2: Discuss the similarities (60-60 words). ‘Summarise and conclude (20-35 word: Main paragraph 1 Conclusion’ Exam Task You have seen this announcement on an international teen website. Cities of the future What will the cities of the future be like? How will they be different and how will they be similar to today’s cities? The best article will be published in next month's magazine. Write your article in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.Washingtoniocs Before you watch A. Work with a partner and answer these questions. 1. What do you think urban artis? 2 Is there any urban art in your area? 3 Is urban art important? Why? / Why not? While you watch B Watch the video clip and circle the words you hear, 1. But, unfortunately, the graffiti / art he’s created has been covered by other people's graffiti 2. He says that real graffiti artists understand / realize how to use colour and! how to make their work distinctive. 3. Greffiti art has certainly brought to public art a whole /complete new dimension. 4 In the gallery, people can admire / appreciate the art in a traditional setting. 5 Jafar now plays in clubs / bars in the city where he grew up. 6 itis ssid that arts fundamentally about exploration / adventure and discovery After you watch C Complete the summary of the video clip below using these words. company discovered generation graffiti innovative nearby respect works Urban artis (1)__ it's all about creating something new. From using buckets on a busy street, to having (2) — con walls and in art galleries, from mixing jazz with the spoken word to inviting people to listen with new ears, Aperfect example of urban artis in train tunnel in Washington DC, called Washington's Wall of Fame, where the bold colours of urban grafiti artists can be (3)______"__ Unfortunately, some people don’t i (4)________ other people's grafti and cover it with thelr, Nick Posada's werk is there, but he also has some work on show at an art gallery in Georgetown, a neighbourhood of Washington DC. According to the owner, Chris Murray, graff is special a itis fast, uninhibited and inventive, Peopie like the ()______inhis gallery and they have sold well ta young people and collectors of pop art. ‘Another urban artist is Jafar Barron. He is 2 trumpet player who mines more classical jazz with rap and hip-hop music of his own 6 "afar now plays music in his hometown and he also has 3 deal with a recording a ieential? At history professar, Don Kimes, explains that urban artis about using where you come from and pushing it beyond its limits and then taking one more step Urban artists take us to new places, evenifit’s as close as ain) @ city street OC a - Ideas Focus Deyo tk grat mate cy lok stasiv oval? ‘ Inyour opinion, should more buildings in your city have graffiti on them? Why? / Why not?Manufacturing fame | rains star struck Fascination with celebrities has no equal anywhere else in the world, Wak into any [-_eneagentn Britain and you wil be confonte bya hage enge of megnines tat (1) — 2 puble "hunger for celebrity gossip. _yitons buy more celebrity magazines than Americans, (2) having a population that is only one-fifth the: | gh Celebrity news often makes the (3) _ page of British tabloid newspapers. However, celebrity gossip shes once a cheap and nasty business, and its journalists were (4) down on as second: and third-rate. "But it has now turned into its own entertainment industry. Many celebrities are famous due to the celebrity ‘industry’ created by the press and not for any particular {alent The celebrity depends on the press to (5) money. The press needs the celebrities to sell more copies. Celebrities and their (6) _, photographers and editors have found that the best way to create an iss supply of celebrity news is to work together. Many people would be surprised to learn that a large proportion of the celebrity pictures that look lke an invasion of 7) — are in fact staged. "eS. arrangement that keeps al involved very happy indeed. And the public ignorant of what goes on ipehind the (8) __, remains ever hungry for more gossip. — - ——— 1A caterto B liveupto —C nose about go around 2 A but B inspite C however dospite 3A first B front © main D big 4 A looked B caught © watched D seen 5A take B make C get D find 6 A agents B stars © fans D characters 7 A private B personal publicity privacy 8 A secrets B scones © stages D curtains Part 2 For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. The world’s first cities ‘Archaeological research (9) _______ shown that the Sumerians established the world's frst cities in ‘Mesopotamia, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East. They learnt to control the flooding of the two rivers and (10) able to grow erops such as barley, wheat and sesame, and many differant kinds of fuit and vegetables. As 2 result, they had a constant "food supply. Thus, people could settle (11) _ in one place and, eventually, settlements that (12) been litte villages grew into self-governing city-states. ‘Ac the contre of each city-state (13) ____ areligious temple surrounded (14) law courts and public buildings. The homes of the most important people, such as priests and merchants, were "closest to the centre; then came the homes of government officals, shopkeepers, and craftsmen, and, finaly, the homes of the lower classes (15) ________ farmers, unskilled workers, and fishermen, The city-state also included the fertile farming land outside the city wall. Each city-state was (16) pressure to protect its farming land from invaders, whe were usually neighbouring city-states. The citizens had to defend themselves and protect their cities. Without a(n) doubt, this led to the establishment of the first organised armies.Part 3 For questions 17-24 read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Cappadocia Cappadocia, in present-day Turkey, isa region of dramatic landscapes (17) many strange-looking structures known as falry chimneys, INCLUDE which were the (18) of volcanic eruptions millions of years ago. CREATE “The area was the perfect hiding place for early Christians, as it was made up of caves, labyrinths and underground tunnels. In later times, (19)__________ carved theirhomes out of the rock. The rock DWELL kept rooms cool in summer and warm in winter, so people continued to lve there. At one time, the caves of Cappadocia housed thousands of (20) sansa RESIDE In recent years, however, new (21) have arrived and have INHABIT started turning the caves into attractive second homes and hotels. ‘While this is good news for the tourism industry, local authorities must make sure that the region does not become too (22) and lose its unique character, COMMERCE ‘The (@23)__________of visitors are drawn to the area by its unique MAJOR geological, historic and cultural features such as early Christian cave art and (2a) _______ Byzantine churches. TRADITION Part 4 For questions 25-30 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 25. My brother says he wants to be a film star! GOING My brother says —____ 2 film star! 26 Excuse me, are there any good hotels in this part of the city? ACCOMMODATION Excuse me, 27 Thad never been inside @ mansion before. FIRST hot had ever been inside a mansion. 28 Jane went to the meeting for me as | was too busy. BEHALF Jane went to the meeting — as I as t00 busy. 29. Iwas still watching the fim when the power went off FINISHED i 30 Carol will get here and then we can leave. SOON We can leave _in this part of the city? watching the film when the power went off5 Tied to Technology ading: multiple-choice, spotting words in the text and questions VYocabulary: _technology-related words ) Grammar: modals & semi modals, perfect modals multiple-choice (pictures), choosing from pictures talking about modem technology, diving your opinion and interacting, involving your partner, keeping the conversation going Use your English: phrasal verbs, word formation filing the gaps, gapped text 55a (1), deciding what language to use in an essay, supporting your points, expressing contrast & results, giving examples, adding points, expressing another person's opinions, presenting opposing views| 5 Tied to Technology Reading A Think about sea and space exploration. Which of these adjectives would you use to describe them? boring costly educational innovative exciting irrelevant revolutionary spectacular unnecessary wasteful B Read the text quickly. In your opi adjectives in A describe the two ie beam:to send distort:to change the way something looks so that it becomes hard to recognize In earnest: seriously, with energy and determination emit: to send out pulse: an amount of sound thats. produced by something for a short ders, Gi Space Telescope Since 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope has been atbiting Earth ‘and providing scientists with unique views ofthe universe in that time, it has beamed hundreds of thousands of images back to Earth and has revolutionised astronomy by helping researchers to make important discoveries about deep space and the universe Thanks to Hubble, we now know that the universe is bout 13 to 14 billion years old ‘The idea of an orbiting telescope was fist put forward by astronomer Lyman Spitzer in 1946, Spitzer pointed out that the Earth atmosphere distorts light coming fram stars, making it dificult for even the most precise telescopes on the ground to fece!ve clear images, However, a telescope in orbit above the Earth’ atmosphere would not be faced with the same problems. NASA agreed and, in the 1950s, with the help oF rocket scientists, astrophysicist, and milions of dollars the project to build a space telescope took off in earnest. Though the initial idea was Spitzer’, the telescope was actually named after Edwin P, Hubble, the astronomer who, in the 1920s, proved that our galaxy, the Milky Way, was not the only one in the universe The telescope orbits the Earth every 96 minutes. It travels at a speed of 8 kn per second, 569 km above the Earths surface. ifs fast enough to travel across the United States in about 10, minutes, Although itis regularly serviced, some time after 2013, Hubble will eventually degrade, stop working and crash back to Earth, Its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope, has already been developed, Sonar mapping ‘Sonar mapping is another extraordinary development in the world of scientific exploration. Itis used by dolphins, whales and bats to determine where an ‘object is. These animalsemit a snarp noise which spreads out ‘through water or air then bounces off objectsin the distance and comes back as an echo. The farther away the object isthe longer it takes forthe echo to be heara, This phenomenon is used to study the structure of the ocean floor and is know as sonar mapping, A boat pullsan underwater loudspeaker that sends cut pulses of sound - known as pings.Spokeat the Exam Task. Find words inthe text which are the same or imilar to words in the a-d options. Two examples are underlined in RoW complete the Exam Task. Remember to read carefully when you spot words in the text which | re also in the question options. = E __Exam Task “4 Whetis the purpose of a space telescope? to show images in space _b toorbit the universe ¢ to prove the theories of astronomers d_ to take and sond pictures back to Earth 2. What has Hubble helped scientists to discover? ‘2 howold our planet is b the size of deep space the ago of the universe ¢_ a revolution in space 3. What happens to light in space? a. Itis clearer in the Earth’s atmosphere. b_ Our atmosphere changes it ¢Itaffects the stars. It has trouble reaching the ground. ‘4. What will probably happen in a few years? a Hubble will go deeper into space | Hubble wil need tobe seicod froquenty € Hubble will be replaced ‘a d_ Hubble will travel faster. E 4 extends (pare 4) 5 rotums (pare &) 1. suggested (para 2) 2 highlighted (para 2) 3. began (para 2) The fings soread out through the water and are reflected backby objectsin the water, suchas the bottom of the ocean. Underneter microphones capture the reflected sound. By Knowing the speed of sound in water and the tie fakes the echoto return, the dstance tothe reflecting object can be worked out When a boat ited with sonar technology sails ver an area ofthe ocean, i records the depth at every place itgoes and eventually 30 map ofall the mountains, valleys and plainson the bottom ofthe ocean is created. Measuring the distance toa single objects easy because it returns a simple echo, but making a map ofthe ocean floor Ismuch more difficult as sound reflects back from many rections and geological featustes on the ocean floor. In Order to calculate a map of the ocean floor, complicated mathematics is used. Which is more important for scientific development ~ technology or imagination? Why? Spotting words in the text and questions + Scientific texts may look difficult but remember, you are tasted on . your English comprehension and not your scientific knowledge. 1, * There may be words in the question options (a- d) that you can spot i : || inthe text. Be careful, as the same word in the text and question may | not mean that option is the correct answer. | ‘+ Check carefully that the meaning of an option is clearly explained in the text. Then choose your option. questions 1 ~ 8, choose the answer (a ~ dl) which fits best according to the text. Find phrasal verbs in the text with the following meanings. | | | | 5 What can some animals do? i 2 bounce off objects use sound to detect objects € see objects far away d send out pings & What must be known to calculate ocean depth? i ‘a distance between ship and loudspeaker bb how the echo is refiected i ‘chow fest sound moves in water distance to microphone a 7 How is @ 3D map of the ocean floor created? a by measuring depth at a few places bby looking for geological features by combining 2 let of different information d_ by measuring the height of mountains 8 Why is sonar mapping difficult? single objects are too big many echoes are received from different sources valleys get in the way ‘mathematical calculations are too complicated ance F Choose three of the phrasal verbs i and write 2 sentence with each to | illustrate their meaning, 6 calculated (pare 5) \