February 2021

Earth and life science

Name: Mae Amor V. Cedeño Gr and Sec: Grade 11 STEM Newton
Quarter 2 week 5

A. READINGS/DISCUSSIONS

B. EXERCISE

EXERCISE 1 A: MATCHING TYPE.

1. E 4. F 7. A 10.L
2. C 5. G 8. K 11.H
3. D 6. B 9. J 12.I

EXERCISE 1 B: NAME THE ORGAN SYSTEM

1. S 6. S 11.D 16.C 21.RP

2. U 7. C 12.U 17.D 22.IN
3. N 8. U 13.D 18.S 23.L
4. M 9. D 14.N 19.R 24.RP
5. N 10.R 15.D 20.R 25.E

EXERCISE 2

INTERACTION WITH
SYSTEM STRUCTURES PURPOSE
OTHER SYSTEMS
1. Muscular  Different types of  Receptors in muscles
muscles enable provide the brain with
motion, generate information about body
heat to maintain position and movement.
body temperature,  The brain controls the
move food through contraction of skeletal
digestive tract and muscle.
contract the heart.  The nervous system
regulates the speed at
which food moves
through the digestive
tract.
2. Skeletal  The skeletal system  Bones provide calcium
makes up the that is essential for the
framework of the proper functioning of
body and allows us the nervous system.
to move when our  The skull protects the
muscles contract. It brain from injury.
stores minerals (e.g.  The vertebrae protect
calcium, the spinal cord from
phosphorous) and injury.
releases them into  Sensory receptors in
the body when they joints between bones
are needed. The send signals about
skeletal system also body position to the
protects internal brain.
organs and produces  The brain regulates the
blood cells. position of bones by
controlling muscles.
3. Urinary  The urinary system  The bladder sends
eliminates waste sensory information to
products and the brain.
maintains water  The brain controls
balance and urination.
chemical balance.

4. Digestive  The digestive system  Digestive processes

stores and digests provide the building
foods, transfers blocks for some
nutrients to the neurotransmitters.
body, eliminates  The autonomic nervous
waste and absorbs system controls the
water. tone of the digestive
tract.
 The brain controls
drinking and feeding
behavior.
 The brain controls
muscles for eating and
elimination.
 The digestive system
sends sensory
information to the
brain.
5. Respiratory  The respiratory  The brain monitors
system supplies respiratory volume and
oxygen to the blood blood gas levels.
and removes carbon  The brain regulates
dioxide. respiratory rate.
 The circulatory
and respiratory
systems work together
to circulate blood and
oxygen throughout the
body.
6. Circulatory  The cardiovascular  Endothelial cells
system delivers maintain the blood-
oxygen, hormones, brain barrier.
nutrients and white Cerebrospinal fluid
blood cells around drains into the venous
the body by pumping blood supply. The brain
blood, and it regulates heart rate
removes waste and blood pressure.
products.   It supplies oxygen and
nutrients to our bodies
by working with
the respiratory system.
At the same time, the
circulatory system
helps carry waste and
carbon dioxide out of
the body.
7. Nervous  The nervous system  Your nervous system
controls all activities interacts with every
within the human other system in your
body.  The four main body. In the same way
functions of the that all of your cells
nervous system are; need oxygen
control of body’s transported by the
internal environment circulatory system, all
to maintain of your tissues and
‘homeostasis’, organs require
programming of instruction and
spinal cord reflexes, direction from the
memory and nervous system. There
learning, voluntary is obvious interaction
control of movement between your muscles
and your nervous
system. That
interaction helps you
move around and
interact with your
environment.
8. Lymphatic  The lymphatic  The brain can stimulate
system protects the defense mechanisms
body from infection. against infection.
 his system functions
with the
digestive system to
absorb dietary lipids ,
which
enter lymphatic vessels
rather than blood
vessels for transport.
 It also acts with the
cardiovascular system t
o control the body's
fluid balance.
9.Immune  The immune   It works closely with
system is like a the
small police force circulatory system for
that constantly transportation needs
patrols every organ and the
and tissue in your lymphatic system for
body. production of
 It protects your body lymphocytes.
from harmful
substances, germs
and cell changes
that could make you
ill.
10. Endocrine  The endocrine  Hormones provide
system secretes feedback to the brain to
hormones into blood affect neural
and other body processing.
fluids. These  Reproductive hormones
chemicals are affect the development
important for of the nervous system.
metabolism, growth,  The hypothalamus
water and mineral controls the pituitary
balance, and the gland and other
response to stress. endocrine glands.
 11.  The reproductive  Reproductive hormones
Reproductive system is affect brain
responsible for development and
producing new life. sexual behavior.
 The brain controls
mating behavior.
 Though reproductive
system interactions
with other body
systems are relatively
meager, one—that with
the endocrine system—
stands out and will
receive the bulk of our
attention.

12.  The integumentary  Receptors in skin send

Integumentar system reduces sensory information to
y water loss, contains the brain.
receptors that  The autonomic nervous
respond to touch, system regulates
regulates body peripheral blood flow
temperature, and and sweat glands.
protects the inside of  Nerves control muscles
the body from connected to hair
damage. follicles.


C. ASSESSMENT/APPLICATION/OUTPUTS

1. Circulatory System is very important in the human body. It not only supplies Oxygen to
all the parts of body but also picks up Carbon-dioxide from the body cells. For instance if
Oxygen supply to the brain is blocked for two minutes it may cause death.
2. When a person suffer chest pain and confusion, heart attack, aortic dissection and
pericarditis are possible. This happens because there’s a buildup of fatty plaques in your
arteries (atherosclerosis) caused by unhealthy lifestyle. People should avoid eating foods
rich in bad cholesterol and drink more than 8 glasses of water a day.
3. Yes, circulatory system and respiratory system. Air moves in and out of the lungs through
the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Blood moves in and out of the lungs through the
pulmonary arteries and veins that connect to the heart.
4. I’ll sleep between 7 and 9 hours per night, lower my stress levels, eat a balanced diet and
exercise regularly. I’ll follow the safety protocols to avoid infections of virus. Having a
healthy lifestyle keeps you away from diseases.
D. SUGGESTED ENRICHMENT/ REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITY/IES

The following are diseases from different body systems:

 Circulatory system:
1. Atherosclerosis- Atherosclerosis is a hardening of the arteries.It is typically caused by
a diet high in fat, which leaves fatty deposits on the lining of the blood vessels. These
fatty deposits stick together and make the arteries hard and less flexible.
Atherosclerosis leads to high blood pressure, which can damage the heart and kidneys
and even lead to strokes.
2. Heart attack- Myocardial infarction (MI) is the technical term for a heart attack. A
heart attack can occur when the blood supply is cut off from the heart, often by a
blood clot. Some heart attacks are minor, but others can be life-threatening.
3. Mitral valve prolapse- Mitral valve prolapse means the mitral valve bulges out or
prolapses because it does not close evenly. The mitral valve pumps freshly oxygenated
blood out of the heart to the rest of the body.
 Nervous sytem:
1. Alzheimer's disease- Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that affects a  person’s 
thinking, behaviour and ability to perform everyday tasks.
2. Cerebral palsy- Cerebral palsy is a condition that affects body movements due to brain
injury. The injury can happen before, during or after birth and does not get worse over
time.
3. Epilepsy- Epilepsy is a long-term brain condition where a person has
repeated seizures.
 Respiratory system:
1. Pneumonia- An infection of your alveoli, usually by bacteria or viruses, including the
coronavirus that causes COVID-19.
2. Tuberculosis- Pneumonia that slowly gets worse, caused by the
bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
3. Lung cancer- It has many forms and may start in any part of your lungs. It most often
happens in the main part of your lung, in or near the air sacs.
 Skeletal system:
1. Osteoporosis- This is a disease in which the bones become fragile and prone to
fracture.
2. Osteopenia, osteitis deformans, and osteomalacia- Similar to osteoporosis, these are
other types of bone loss.
3. Scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis- These are abnormalities of the spinal curve.
 Muscular System:
1. Muscular dystrophy (MD)- MD is a group of inherited muscle diseases. These
conditions all cause muscle loss and weakness.
2. Cardiomyopathy- Cardiomyopathy—also called heart muscle disease—is a type of
progressive disease affecting cardiac muscle. 
3. Polymyositis (PM)- This a rare type of inflammatory myopathy (also called myosotis), a
group of muscle diseases that cause inflammation of muscle and their associated
tissues, including blood vessels.
 Urinary System:
1. Nephrosis – a noninflammatory disease of kidneys.
2. Nephrolith – a kidney stone.
3. Urethritis – inflammation of the urethra, the final pathway for urine in both sexes, and
the common pathway for urine and semen in the male.
 Reproductive System:
1. Endometriosis – a condition involving colonization of the abdominal/pelvic cavity with
islands of endometrial tissue.
2. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) – although males have a closed abdominal cavity,
the female abdominal cavity has a direct anatomical path from the outside world via
the female reproductive tract.
3. Hypospadias – A condition in which the external urinary meatus (opening) opens
anywhere below the tip of the penis rather than at the tip.
 Endocrine System:
1. Adrenal insufficiency. The adrenal gland releases too little of the hormone cortisol and
sometimes, aldosterone. 
2. Cushing's disease. Overproduction of a pituitary gland hormone leads to an overactive
adrenal gland. 
3. Gigantism (acromegaly) and other growth hormone problems. If the pituitary gland
produces too much growth hormone, a child's bones and body parts may grow
abnormally fast. 
 Digestive System:
1. Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) and Gastritis- is an open sore in the lining of the stomach
or upper part of the small intestine.
2. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)- refers to long-lasting inflammation in the digestive
tract.
3. Constipation- is difficult or infrequent passage of stool.
 Lymphatic System
1. Lymphadenitis- is an infection of the lymph nodes usually caused by a virus, bacteria
or fungi. Symptoms include redness or swelling around the lymph node.
2. Lymphangitis- is an inflammation of the lymph vessels. Symptoms usually include
swelling, redness, warmth, pain or red streaking around the affected area.
3. Lymphedema- is the chronic pooling of lymph fluid in the tissue. It usually starts in
the feet or lower legs. It's also a side-effect of some surgical procedures.
 Immune System:
1. AIDS. HIV, which causes AIDS, is an acquired viral infection that destroys important
white blood cells and weakens the immune system. 
2. Type 1 diabetes. The immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make
insulin. Insulin removes sugar from the blood to use as energy.
3. Lupus. This disease that attacks body tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and skin.
Many types of auto-antibodies are found in the blood of people with lupus.
 Integumentary System:
1. Pemphigus- It is a disease where the immune system attacks healthy cells in the top
layer of skin, resulting in blisters.
2. Ichthyosis- It is a disorder that causes dry, thickened skin that may look similar to
fish scales.
3. Epidermolysis bullosa- It is a group of diseases causing painful blisters to form on the
skin. These blisters can cause problems if they become infected.