B.Sc.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Mechanics of Materials-II
Problem Sheet No. 1
Note: Solve the following problems using equations and check the answers by drawing Mohr’s circle.

1. For the elements shown in Figures 1 through 4, find the normal and shear stresses acting on the
indicated inclined planes.

20 MPa 60 MPa

30 20 MPa 45 200 MPa

Fig. 1 Fig. 2
30 MPa 20 MPa

(Ans: 39.8 MPa, 14.3 MPa; 10.2 MPa, –14.3 MPa) (Ans: 30 MPa, –110 MPa)

50 MPa

100 MPa 60 60 MPa

60

Fig. 3 Fig. 4
150 MPa 20 MPa

(Ans: –180.8 MPa, –3.35 MPa) (Ans: 30 MPa, 17.32 MPa)

2. At a point in a complex stress field x = 40 MPa, y = 80 MPa, and xy = –20 MPa. Find the normal
and shear stresses on a plane at 45 to the y-axis. (Ans: 40 MPa, 20 MPa)

3. For the following data, determine the normal and shear stresses acting on the planes defined by the
given angle. Show the results on isolated elements.
(i) x = 1 = 0, y = 2 = –20 MPa, for  = 30 (Ans: –5 MPa, –8.66 MPa)
(ii) x = y = 0, xy = –20 MPa, for  = 20 (Ans: –12.86 MPa, –15.32 MPa)

4. A bar of cross section 8 cm2 is acted upon by an axial tensile force of 72 kN applied at each end of
the bar. Determine the normal and shearing stresses on a plane inclined at 30 (clockwise) to the
direction of loading. Also determine the maximum shearing stress on this axially loaded bar.
(Ans: 22.5 MPa, –39 MPa; 45 MPa)

5. At a point in a complex stress field x = 60 MPa, y = 10 MPa, and xy = 20 MPa. Determine the
stress components and planes on which the shear stress is a maximum.
(Ans: 35 MPa; 32 MPa; 64.3, 154.3)
6. For the following data (a) determine the principal stresses and show their sense on a properly
oriented element; (b) find the maximum shear stresses with the associated normal stresses and show
the results on a properly oriented element; (c) determine (using only Mohr’s circle) the angle of
plane or planes (if any) where the normal stress is zero, find the magnitude of shear stresses on these
planes; (d) check the invariance of the normal stresses for solutions in (a) and (b).
(i) x = 0, y = –40 MPa, and xy = –30 MPa
[Ans: (a) 16 MPa on 152, –56 MPa on 62; (b) 36 MPa; –20 MPa; 17, 107; (c) 0, 124; 30 MPa]
(ii) x = 80 MPa, y = 20 MPa, and xy = 40 MPa
[Ans: (a) 100 MPa on 26.6, 0 on 116.6; (b) 50 MPa; 50 MPa; 71.6, 161.6; (c) 116.6; 0]
(iii) x = –40 MPa, y = –30 MPa, and xy = 25 MPa
[Ans: (a) –9.5 MPa on 50.7, –60.5 MPa on 140.7; (b) 25.5 MPa; –35 MPa; 5.7, 95.7; (c) Nil]
(iv) x = 20 MPa, y = 0, and xy = –15 MPa
[Ans: (a) 28 MPa on 152, –8 MPa on 62; (b) 18 MPa; 10 MPa; 17, 107; (c) 33.7, 90; 15 MPa]

7. For the states of stress shown in Figures 5 through 8 (a) determine the principal stresses and show
their sense on a properly oriented element; (b) find the maximum shear stresses with the associated
normal stresses and show the results on a properly oriented element; (c) determine (using only
Mohr’s circle) the angle of plane or planes (if any) where the normal stress is zero, find the
magnitude of shear stresses on these planes; (d) check the invariance of the normal stresses for
solutions in (a) and (b).

10 MPa

10 MPa

Fig. 5 Fig. 6
10 MPa

[Ans: (a) 10 MPa on each plane; [Ans: (a) 10 MPa on 135, –10 MPa on 45;
(b) 0; 10 MPa; (c) Nil] (b) 10 MPa; 0; 0, 90; (c) 0, 90; 10 MPa]

4 MPa

6 MPa 2 MPa

Fig. 7 Fig. 8
10 MPa 4 MPa
[Ans: (a) 10 MPa on 90, –6 MPa on 0; [Ans: (a) 6 MPa on 116.6, –4 MPa on 26.6;
(b) 8 MPa; 2 MPa; 45, 135; (b) 5 MPa; 1 MPa; 71.6, 161.6;
(c) 38, 142; 7.75 MPa] (c) 66, 167; 4.9 MPa]

8. At a point in the cross section of a girder, there is a tensile stress of 50 MPa and a positive shearing
stress of 25 MPa. Find the principal planes and stresses, and sketch a diagram showing how they
act. (Ans: 60.35 MPa on 22.5; –10.35 MPa on 112.5)
9. The loads applied to a piece of material cause a shear stress of 40 MPa together with a normal
tensile stress on a certain plane. Find the value of this tensile stress if it makes an angle of 30 with
the major principal stress. What are the values of the principal stresses?
(Ans: 46.2 MPa; 69.3 MPa, –23.1 MPa)

10. The state of stress for an element of unit thickness is shown in

Figure 9. (a) Find the stresses that must act on plane AB to keep 2 MPa
the element in equilibrium; (b) determine the principal stresses A
and show their sense on a properly oriented element; (c) find the
3 MPa
maximum shear stresses with the associated normal stresses and
show the results on a properly oriented element; (d) determine B
(using only Mohr’s circle) the angle of planes where the normal 22.5
stress is zero, find the magnitude of shear stresses on these
planes; (e) check the invariance of the normal stresses for 1 MPa Fig. 9
solutions in (a), (b), and (c).
[Ans: (a) 1.29 MPa, 2.12 MPa; (b) 4.24 MPa on 3143', –0.24 MPa on 12143';
(c) 2.24 MPa; 2 MPa; 7643', 16643'; (d) 108, 135; 1 MPa] y
11. An element of a body in a state of plane strain contracts 500
µm/m along the x-axis, elongates 300 µm/m in the y direction,
and distorts through an angle of 600 µrad, as shown in Figure 10. Deformed
Determine the in-plane principal strains for the given data and Element
show the directions in which they occur.
(Ans: 400 µm/m on 108.4; –600 µm/m on 18.4) x
12. A state of two-dimensional strain is x = 0.0007, y = –0.0006; xy = 0.0003. Fig. 10
Calculate the principle strains in magnitude and direction.
(Ans: 0.000717; –0.000617)

13. If the unit strains are x = –800 µm/m, y = –200 µm/m; xy = 800 µrad, what are the principle strains
and in which direction do they occur. (Ans: 0 on 63.4; –1000 µm/m on 153.4)

14. At a point on the surface of a stressed body mutually perpendicular normal strains x and y are
found to be equal to 0.0004 and –0.0002 respectively occur with shear strain equal to 0.0008.
Determine the magnitude of principal strains and maximum shear strain and the angles on which
they act. (Ans: 0.0006 on 26.6, –0.0004 on 116.6; 0.001; 71.6, 161.6)

15. Two mutually perpendicular normal strains x and y are equal to 0.0006 and –0.0002 respectively.
If they are accompanied by a shear strain of 0.0008, determine the maximum and minimum normal
strains, the maximum shear strain and the angles at which these act relative to the direction of x.
(Ans: 0.000766 on 22.5, –0.000366 on 112.5; 0.00113; 67.5, 157.5)