Teaching Plan for the Health Class as Proposed by the Core Group

Rationale:

This program will provide knowledge to address the community diagnosis. Thus,
promoting health and wellness among the community people.

Objectives:
At the end of the teaching session, the community people will be able to:
1. verbalize understanding about the topics discussed
2. enumerate practical interventions in solving the community problem
3. enumerate applicable preventive measures

Tuberculosis

Definition:
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also
affect other parts of the body (WHO, 2015)

Etiology:
Tuberculosis spreads from person to person by airborne transmission. An
infected person releases droplet through talking, coughing, sneezing, laughing or
singing ( Nazaroff and Hubbard, 2005). Immunocompromised status and living in
overcrowded places increase the spreading of the infection.

Signs and symptoms:

 Fever
 Cough of more than 2 weeks
 Blood in the saliva
 Chest pain
  Night sweats
 Fatigue
 Weight loss

Interventions
1. Educate on disease process in the level of understanding of the client.
2. Provide an open atmosphere for clarifications on the discussed topic.
3. Educate client on early identification of symptoms for immediate medical
intervention
4. Educate nature and importance of vaccines.
5. Educate on proper hygiene practices such as washing hands after sneezing,
coughing or holding hands near mouth or nose.
6. Advice wearing a face mask at all times to prevent transmission of bacteria.
7. Advice on avoiding the sharing utensils to prevent transmission of bacteria
8. Weigh daily to monitor weight changes
9. Advice to consult a doctor for prescribed anti-tuberculosis medication (e.g.,
isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, rifabutin, rifapentine)
10. Educate on the importance of lab tests (e.g., sputum culture, chest x-ray,
bronchoscopy, skin tests, etc.).

Prevention
1. Promote activity and adequate nutrition
2. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine should be given
3. Avoid crowded places to prevent contaminating others and getting other
microorganisms
4. Provide ventilation to facilitate air movement through the room or the area
Dengue

Definition:
Dengue is an infection with flu-like symptoms transmitted by the Aedes Aegypti
Mosquito (WHO, 2015)

Etiology:
It is transmitted by day-biting mosquitoes that breeds in stagnant water (WHO,
2015)

Signs and symptoms:

 Sudden high fever
 Severe headaches
 Severe joint and muscle pain
 Fatigue
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever

Interventions:
1. Educate on disease process in the level of understanding of the client.
2. Provide an open atmosphere for clarifications on the discussed topic.
3. Advice increase fluid intake as tolerated to prevent dehydration
4. Check body temperature regularly to monitor the increase of temperature
5. Instruct to avoid dark colored foods (e.g., chocolates, grilled food etc.) to check
appropriately the stool
6. Keep sharp objects away to prevent injury
7. Advice the use of soft bristle toothbrush to prevent bleeding
8. Educate client on early identification of symptoms for immediate medical
intervention
Prevention:
 Environmental Sanitation: drain stagnant water especially in used tires, flower
vase and other containers
 Use mosquito repellants and mosquito net
 Proper clothing by wearing long sleeved clothes or light-colored shirt or pajamas
 Fogging can be done when all people are evacuated

Diarrhea

Definition:
Diarrhea is the increased frequency of bowel movement (more than 3 per day),
increase amount of stool (more than 200g a day), and altered consistency (liquid stool)
(WHO, 2013).

Etiology:
It can be acquired by eating uncooked food, overexposure to sunlight, expired
food, drinking form deep well reservoir water, not washing hands properly, which can
cause viral and bacterial infection.

Signs and Symptoms:

 Increased frequency and fluid content of stool
 Sunken eyeballs
 Dry lips
 Abdominal pain and cramps
 Fever
 Nausea and vomiting
 Urgent need to have a bowel movement
 Blood in stool
Interventions:
1. Educate on disease process in the level of understanding of the client.
2. Provide an open atmosphere for clarifications on the discussed topic.
3. Educate client on early identification of symptoms for immediate medical
intervention
4. Increase fluid intake within limits to prevent dehydration.
5. Advice to prepare food properly
6. Educate on the importance of good food sanitation practices
7. Promote proper hygiene and proper hand washing
8. Advice to avoid food that are high in fiber, spicy and milk products to prevent
gastric upset
9. Weigh daily to monitor change in weight
10. Demonstrate how to prepare oral rehydration solution to maintain electrolyte
balance
11. Educate on the importance of boiling water if from a free flowing or deep well
water source

Prevention:
 Hand washing before and after meals and proper hygiene is one of the most
effective ways of preventing the spread of viruses and bacteria.
 Prepare food properly and make sure it is well cooked upon serving
 Access to safe drinking water or boil water

Scabies

Definition:
Scabies, also known as the seven-year itch, is a contagious skin infestation by
the mite Sarcoptes scabiei (CDC, 2010). The most common symptoms are severe
itchiness and a pimple-like rash (Gates, 2003).

Etiology:
 It can be acquired by close contact such as sleeping on the same bed, skin to
skin contact, sharing towels, clothing and other personal items.

Signs and symptoms:

 Severe itchiness and redness appear
 Rashes with tiny blisters or sores (common between fingers and wrists)

Intervention:
1. Educate on disease process in the level of understanding of the client.
2. Provide an open atmosphere for clarifications on the discussed topic.
3. Educate client on early identification of symptoms for immediate medical
intervention
4. Practice good hygiene to prevent bacterial infection (e.g., do not share bed linens
and personal items)
5. Instruct to avoid skin scratching to prevent breaks and bacterial invasion
6. Advice to consult doctor for precautionary measures if medication is needed

Prevention:
 Practice hand washing before and after eating
 Wear proper footwear
 Expose mattress to direct sunlight
 Use long sleeves (cotton texture)

Malnutrition

Definition:
Malnutrition is faulty nutrition due to inadequate or unbalanced intake of nutrients
or their impaired assimilation or utilization (Merriam-Webster 2019).

Etiology:
 Insufficient intake of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals and calories.
  Insufficient amount of food intake.
 Poor food preference
 Lack of knowledge on proper food choices
 Poverty

Signs and Symptoms:

 Lack of appetite or interest in food or drink
 Tiredness and irritability
 Inability to concentrate
 Loss of fat, muscle mass, and body tissue
 Higher risk of developing disease and taking longer to recover from disease
 Longer healing time for wounds
 Higher risk of complications after surgery

In more severe cases:

 Difficulty of breathing
 Thin, dry, inelastic, pale, and cold skin
 Hollowed cheeks and the eyes sunken, as fat disappears from the face
 Hair falls out easily, appearing dry and sparse
 Cachexia

Interventions:
1. Explain the importance of proper nutrition especially among children.
2. Provide an open atmosphere for clarifications on the discussed topic
3. Demonstrate sample of affordable and nutritious recipes
4. Demonstrate ways to incorporate vegetables into child’s diet and food preference
5. Encourage parents to prepare nutritious food daily in order to meet the child’s
nutritional requirement
6. Encourage to grow backyard vegetable garden
7. Encourage parents to incorporate small amounts of fruits and vegetables into
children’s diets
Prevention of Malnutrition:
1. Adequate intake of micro and macro nutrients
2. Adequate intake of fruit and vegetables
3. Adequate intake of bread, rice, potatoes, pasta and other starchy foods
4. Proper serving of milk and dairy foods
5. Appropriate intake meat, fish, eggs, beans and other non-dairy sources of protein
6. Choose food that are not only budget friendly but are also healthy

Proper Waste Disposal

Definition:
Waste disposal can be defined as any method used to discard unwanted
substances or materials. Poor waste disposal activities engender severe environmental
problems on a location.
Improper waste disposal is the disposal of waste in a way that has negative
consequences for the environment. Examples include littering, hazardous waste that is
dumped into the ground, and failure to recycle items that should be recycled.

Etiology:
1. Ignorance: Ignorance of people about proper waste disposal. Community people may
be unaware of the consequences of their unwise acts.
2. Laziness: Can cause improper garbage disposal because people not following the
correct rules of proper waste disposal they would always throw it what place they want
and they have no care what will be the effect of it.
3.Greed: Can cause improper garbage disposal for example burning tires of wheels and
plastic instead of keeping it or trade the excess automobile cars tires to maximize on it.

Signs and Symptoms:

  Affects our Health
Like lung disease, heart problem, skin irritation, problem or abnormality in breathing and
more.
 Affects our Climate
As some waste decomposes, it releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Like
trapping of hear on earth that may effect of abnormality of weather condition like more
storm or typhoon coming per year is happening until now.
 Air Pollution
The open burning of waste causes air pollution or greenhouse affects. for example
burning of rubber and plastic.

 Soil Contamination
Is caused by the presence of manmade chemicals, the softness of the ground, having
smelly soil vapor and other alteration in the natural soil environment.
 Infections to humans
Skin irritation and blood infections resulting from direct contact with waste, and
transmitting bacteria from waste to infected wounds.

Interventions:
1. Explain the importance of keeping the environment clean especially to the
parents
2. Educate on the effect an unkept environment has on the health of individuals

3. Provide an open atmosphere for clarifications on the discussed topic

4. Demonstrate ways on how to lessen waste produced at home
5. Demonstrate the proper way of segregating wastes
6. Encourage parents to include children in cleaning up around the area
7. Encourage to start a compose bin or compose pot in the backyard
8. Demonstrate ways of recycling plastic or other reusable materials

Prevention:
  Decomposing
Decomposing waste is an option for getting rid of your household waste. Example of
compostable items are: food waste, animal waste, yard waste, and much more.
 Recycling
Recycling waste is another option for getting rid of waste. Example of recyclable items
are: paper, tin, aluminum, plastic and much more.

Stray Dogs

Definition:
Street dogs, known in scientific literature as free-ranging urban dogs or urban
free-ranging dogs, are unconfined dogs that live in cities. They live virtually everywhere
where cities exist and the local human population allows, especially in the developing
world and the former USSR. Street dogs may be stray dogs, pets which have strayed
from or are allowed freedom by their owners, or may be feral animals that have never
been owned (Miklosi and Adam, 2008)

Etiology
1. Pet abandonment which may be caused by a number of reasons such as:
• Time constraint: People underestimating the time needed to take good care of
pets
• Behavioral problem: Such as aggression. Often due to lack of socialization and
training
• Medical problem: Pets becoming sick, for example due to poor breeding or
having age related illnesses such as dementia
• Cost of pet ownership: Owner not able to pay for food, vet care, and other bills
• Lifestyle changes: Owners losing their job, getting divorced, having a baby,
encountering health difficulties, etc.
• Housing problem: Owners moving into rented accommodation that does not
allow pets, owners moving to smaller place, moving abroad, home foreclosure
2. Lack of legislation or enforcement regarding abandonment of pets
 3. No effective mechanisms in place to collect abandoned animals and rehome
them

Signs and Symptoms

1. Large number of Stray dogs in the community
2. Substantial amount of dog feces around community
3. Opened garbage bins and scattered garbage on public roads and areas as a sign
of rummaging
4. Noise pollution due to excessive Barking and howling which is an
accompaniment to dog fights which invariably take place over mating

Interventions
1. Explain the significance of high population of stray dogs in the community
2. Explain the health risks associated with a high population of stray dogs in the
community
3. Explain the importance of responsible pet ownership.
4. Advice parents to educate their parents on the proper procedure when
encountering a stray dog
5. Demonstrate the proper procedure when encountering a stray dog.
6. Provide an open atmosphere for clarifications on the discussed topic
7. Encourage pet owners to join government programs that provide free spaying or
neutering of pets

Prevention:
- Firm education on proper pet ownership such as not abandoning pets.

Water Purification

Definition:
Water purification is the process of cleaning and purifying water to prevent
illness.

Interventions:
 1. Boil water before drinking to kill microorganisms.
2. Do not drink water from reservoir to prevent health complications

Prevention:
 Do not use pumping water from the well as drinking water
 Contact DCWD to have an immediate action to solve the water pipe and supply
water suitable for drinking

Electrical Supply
Importance:
 Power supply is important to sustain its basic needs
 Stable and good power supply is significant to avoid disruption of electrical
equipment such as lighting, fans and appliances to provide comfort.