INTRODUCTION

TO
PYTHON
Dr. S. SELVAKANMANI,
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF CSE,
VELAMMAL I TECH
AGENDA

 Companies using Python

 Top languages for Data Science
 Introduction to Python & Features
 Installation of Python
 Working in IDLE
 Working in Jupyter Notebook
 Interactive Vs Script Mode
 PYTHON - INTRODUCTION

 Developed in late 1980 by Guido Van Rossum at National

Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science
in Netherlands.
Features of Python:
 Simple – It is simple to learn, read and write
 High level language – Program codes contains easy to
read syntax that is later converted into a low level language
(i.e binary codes)
PYTHON – INTRODUCTION Contd..

 Open Source – It is freely available and the source code is

available for free.
 Cross Platform/Portable - Python can run equally on
different platforms such as Windows, Linux, Unix, and
Macintosh etc.
 Interpreted Language – Python program written will be
converted into intermediate language which is again
translated into native or machine language for execution.
PYTHON – INTRODUCTION Contd..
PYTHON – INTRODUCTION Contd..

 Interpreter translates just one statement of the program at

a time into machine code.

Vs

 Compiler scans the entire program and translates the

whole of it into machine code at once.
 PYTHON – INTRODUCTION Contd..

 Case – Sensitive Language – Difference between

Uppercase and lowercase letters. i.e area, Area.

 Object Oriented Language - Python structures a

program by bundling related properties and behaviors into
individual objects.

 Automatic Type Inference – Doesn‟t need to define the type

of the data during its declaration.
PYTHON – INTRODUCTION Contd..

 Scripting language – Uses an Interpreter to translate its

source code. The interpreter reads and executes each line of
code one at a time (like a “script” in a play/audition)
 No worry about memory allocation
 Interface with existing programming language –
Comes with a large standard library that supports many
common tasks.
 No Semicolon at the end of the statement
 PYTHON – INSTALLATION

 Downloads available in www.python.org (Known as Cpython

Installation and it comes with Python Interpreter , Python IDLE
and PIP ( Package Installer )
 Other Python distributions available in Anaconda Python
distribution (https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/),
comes with preloaded packages such as NumPy , SciPy, Pandas
etc .
 Other Popular downloads available in form of Spyder IDE ,
PyCharm IDE etc.. (https://www.guru99.com/python-ide-code-
editor.html)
 PYTHON – WORKING IN IDLE

 IDLE – Integrated Development and Learning Environment

 Two modes of working : (i) Interactive mode and (ii) Script
mode
 Interactive Mode : Writing & Executing one command at
a time. ( Click Start – All Programs – Python x.x –IDLE )

 Type the commands in the prompt (>>>) and hit Enter to

see the output.
PYTHON – INTERACTIVE MODE

>>> - Chevron
 PYTHON – WORKING IN IDLE

 Script Mode : Writing & Executing Programs.

 (Click Start – All Programs – Python x.x – IDLE )

 ( Click File – New – in Python IDLE shell )

 Type the commands in the newly opened window and save the
program with the extension (.py )

 For Execution , Click Run – Run Module or Press F5.

PYTHON – SCRIPT MODE
 PYTHON – FEATURES OF IDLE

 Multi-window text editor with syntax highlighting.

 Auto completion with smart indentation.

 Python shell to display output with syntax highlighting.

PYTHON – WORKING IN JUPYTER NOTEBOOK

 Launch Anaconda Navigator from Start – All Programs –

Anaconda – Anaconda Navigator .
 Click on Launch JUPYTER Notebook (Opens in Web
Browser)
 Select Python3 by clicking on the drop down arrow mark of
New Option placed on the right hand side of the Dashboard.
 JUPYTER = JUlia, PYThon and R
PYTHON – JUPYTER NOTEBOOK
PYTHON – WORKING IN JUPYTER NOTEBOOK

 In this window, the code can be written within the cell

provided.

 If using Interactive mode, Type the commands in the Cell

and Press Run or Shift Enter.

 If using Script mode, Type the commands in the Cell , save

the file by clicking on Untitled1 , Click Run to run your
program
PYTHON – JUPYTER NOTEBOOK
PYTHON – INTERACTIVE Vs SCRIPT MODE
PYTHON – VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT

 https://repl.it
 colab.research.google.com
 https://www.codechef.com/ide
 https://pynative.com/online-python-code-
editor-to-execute-python-code/
 https://www.jdoodle.com/python3-
programming-online/
PYTHON – SYNTAX

 Keywords – Set of predefined words. A prescribed rule of

usage for each keyword is called a syntax.

 Python 3.x interpreter has 33 keywords defined in it.

 Since they have a predefined meaning attached, they cannot

be used for any other purpose.

To know the list of python keywords:

>>>help('keywords')
PYTHON – LIST OF KEYWORDS : 33 nos.
 PYTHON – SYNTAX

 Apart from Keywords, Python program can have variables,

functions, classes, modules, packages etc.
 Identifier is the name given to these programming elements.
 An identifier should start with either an alphabet letter (lower or
upper case) or an underscore (_).
 After that, more than one alphabet letters (a-z or A-Z), digits (0-
9) or underscores may be used to form an identifier.
 No other characters are allowed such as @,#,$, etc
 Identifiers are case – sensitive.
PYTHON – SYNTAX

 Eg: Names like myClass, var_1, and

this_is_a_long_variable
 PYTHON – STATEMENT

 By default, the Python interpreter treats a piece of text

terminated by hard carriage return (i.e new line character) as one
statement.
 It means each line in a Python script is a statement.
 (Just as in C/C++/C#, a semicolon ; denotes the end of a
statement).
Use the semicolon ; to write multiple
 Eg1: msg="Hello World"
statements in a single line.
 Eg2: code=123 Eg:
msg='"Hello World";code=123;name="Steve"'
 Eg3: name="Steve"
 PYTHON – STATEMENT

Continuation of Statement: We can show the text spread over

more than one lines to be a single statement by using the
backslash (\) as a continuation character.
 Eg:
msg="Hello Python Learners \ <enter>
Welcome to Python Tutorial \ <enter>
from CSE Department"
 PYTHON – INDENTS

 Many times it is required to construct a block of more than one

statements.
 For example there might be multiple statements that are part of
the definition of a function or method.
 Most of the programming languages like C, C++, Java use braces
{ } to define a block of code. But, python uses indentation.
 Blocks of code are denoted by line indentation.
 It is a space given to the block of codes for class and
function definitions or flow control.
 PYTHON – INDENTS

 When a block is to be started, type the colon symbol (:) and

press Enter.
 Any Python-aware editor (like IDLE) goes to the next line
leaving an additional whitespace (called indent).
 Subsequent statements in the block follow the same level of
indent.
 PYTHON – COMMENTS

 A hash sign (#) is the beginning of a comment.

 Anything written after # in a line is ignored by interpreter.
 Eg: percentage = (minute * 100) / 60 # calculating
percentage of an hour
 Python does not have multiple-line commenting feature. You
have to comment each line individually as follows : Use triple – quote
for mutli – line
# this is a comment
comment
print ("Hello World")
print ("Welcome to Python Tutorial") #this is also a comment but after a statement
 PYTHON – INPUT AND OUTPUT

 Input is data entered by user (end user) in the program.

 In python, input () function is available for input.
 Syntax is:
variable = input (“data”) A function is a block of
code which only runs
 Eg:
when it is called.
>>> x=input("enter the name:") A set of statements
enter the name: George which perform a
>>>y=int(input("enter the number")) specific tasks.
 enter the number 3
Python accepts string as default data type. Conversion is required for type.
 PYTHON – INPUT AND OUTPUT

 OUTPUT: Output can be displayed to the user using print

statement .
 Syntax:
print (expression/constant/variable)
 Example:
>>> print ("Hello")
Hello
 PYTHON – VARIABLE

 Any value of certain type is stored in the computer's memory for

processing.
 Out of available memory locations, one is randomly allocated for
storage.
 In order to conveniently and repeatedly refer to the stored value,
it is given a suitable name.
 A value is bound to a name by the assignment operator '='.
 Eg:
A=3
 PYTHON – VARIABLE

Eg:
A=3
 A is the identifier and 3 is the value assigned to it.
 The same identifier can be used to refer to another value.
Eg:
A = „hello‟
 So, the value being referred can change (or vary), hence it is
called a variable.
 It is important to remember that a variable is a name given
to a value, and not to a memory location storing the value.
THANK
YOU