CHAPTER 12 | Review 811

3. (a) Give the geometric definition of a hyperbola. What are the 6. Suppose the x- and y-axes are rotated through an acute angle
foci of the hyperbola? f to produce the X- and Y-axes. Write equations that relate the
(b) For the hyperbola with equation coordinates 1 x, y 2 and 1 X, Y 2 of a point in the xy-plane and
y2 XY-plane, respectively.
x2
# "1
a2 b2 7. (a) How do you eliminate the xy-term in this equation?

what are the coordinates of the vertices and foci? Ax 2 ! Bxy ! Cy 2 ! Dx ! Ey ! F " 0
What are the equations of the asymptotes? What is the (b) What is the discriminant of the conic in part (a)? How can
transverse axis? Illustrate with a graph. you use the discriminant to determine whether the conic
(c) State the equation of a hyperbola with foci on the y-axis. is a parabola, an ellipse, or a hyperbola?
(d) What steps would you take to sketch a hyperbola with a
given equation? 8. (a) Write polar equations that represent a conic with
eccentricity e.
4. Suppose h and k are positive numbers. What is the effect on (b) For what values of e is the conic an ellipse? A hyperbola?
the graph of an equation in x and y if A parabola?
(a) x is replaced by x # h? By x ! h?
(b) y is replaced by y # k? By y ! k?
5. How can you tell whether the following nondegenerate conic
is a parabola, an ellipse, or a hyperbola?
Ax 2 ! Cy 2 ! Dx ! Ey ! F " 0

■ EXERCISES
1–8 ■ Find the vertex, focus, and directrix of the parabola, and 25–30 ■ Find an equation for the conic whose graph is shown.
sketch the graph. 25. 26.
y y
1. y 2 " 4x 2. x " 121 y 2
3. x 2 ! 8y " 0 4. 2 x # y 2 " 0 5
2 2
5. x # y ! 4y # 2 " 0 6. 2 x ! 6x ! 5y ! 10 " 0 2 F(2, 0)
_12 0 12 x
7. 1 2
2x ! 2 x " 2y ! 4 2
8. x " 31 x ! y 2 0 x
_5

9–16 ■ Find the center, vertices, foci, and the lengths of the major
and minor axes of the ellipse, and sketch the graph.
x2 y2 x2 y2
9. ! "1 10. ! "1
9 25 49 9 27. 28.
y y
11. x 2 ! 4y 2 " 16 12. 9x 2 ! 4y 2 " 1
1x # 3 2 2 y2 1x # 2 2 2 1 y ! 32 2 8
13. ! "1 14. ! "1 4 F(0, 5)
9 16 25 16
15. 4x 2 ! 9y 2 " 36y 16. 2 x 2 ! y 2 " 2 ! 41 x # y 2 0 V(4, 4)
x
_4
17–24 ■ Find the center, vertices, foci, and asymptotes of the hy- 0 4 x
perbola, and sketch the graph.
x2 y2 x2 y2
17. # ! "1 18. # "1
9 16 49 32 29. 30.
y y
19. x 2 # 2y 2 " 16 20. x 2 # 4y 2 ! 16 " 0
1x ! 4 2 2 y2
21. # "1 2 1
16 16
1x # 2 2 2 1y ! 2 2 2 0 0 x
22. # "1 4
x 1 2
8 8
23. 9y 2 ! 18y " x 2 ! 6x ! 18
24. y 2 " x 2 ! 6y
812 CHAPTER 12 | Conic Sections

31–42 ■ Determine the type of curve represented by the 80 mi closer to A than to B. Find the location of the ship.
equation. Find the foci and vertices (if any), and sketch the graph. (Place A and B on the y-axis with the x-axis halfway between
them. Find the x- and y-coordinates of the ship.)
x2
31. !y"1
12
x2 y2 y
32. ! "
12 144 12
33. x 2 # y 2 ! 144 " 0 A

34. x 2 ! 6x " 9y 2
35. 4x 2 ! y 2 " 81 x ! y 2 300 mi
36. 3x 2 # 61 x ! y 2 " 10
37. x " y 2 # 16y
38. 2 x 2 ! 4 " 4x ! y 2 B
40 mi
39. 2 x 2 # 12 x ! y 2 ! 6y ! 26 " 0
40. 36x 2 # 4y 2 # 36x # 8y " 31
41. 9x 2 ! 8y 2 # 15x ! 8y ! 27 " 0 53. (a) Draw graphs of the following family of ellipses for
42. x 2 ! 4y 2 " 4x ! 8 k " 1, 2, 4, and 8.
x2 y2
43–50 ■ Find an equation for the conic section with the given ! "1
16 ! k 2 k2
properties.
(b) Prove that all the ellipses in part (a) have the same foci.
43. The parabola with focus F 10, 12 and directrix y " #1
54. (a) Draw graphs of the following family of parabolas for
44. The ellipse with center C 10, 42 , foci F1 10, 0 2 and F2 10, 82 , and k " 12, 1, 2, and 4.
major axis of length 10
y " kx 2
45. The hyperbola with vertices V 10, $22 and asymptotes
y " $ 12 x (b) Find the foci of the parabolas in part (a).
(c) How does the location of the focus change as k increases?
46. The hyperbola with center C 12, 42 , foci F1 12, 12 and F2 12, 7 2 ,
and vertices V1 12, 6 2 and V2 12, 22
47. The ellipse with foci F1 11, 12 and F2 11, 3 2 , and with one 55–58 ■ An equation of a conic is given. (a) Use the discriminant
vertex on the x-axis to determine whether the graph of the equation is a parabola, an
ellipse, or a hyperbola. (b) Use a rotation of axes to eliminate the
48. The parabola with vertex V 15, 52 and directrix the y-axis xy-term. (c) Sketch the graph.
49. The ellipse with vertices V1 17, 122 and V2 17, #82 , and 55. x 2 ! 4xy ! y 2 " 1
passing through the point P 11, 82
56. 5x 2 # 6xy ! 5y 2 # 8x ! 8y # 8 " 0
50. The parabola with vertex V 1#1, 0 2 and horizontal axis of
symmetry, and crossing the y-axis at y " 2 57. 7x 2 # 6 13 xy ! 13y 2 # 4 13 x # 4y " 0
51. The path of the earth around the sun is an ellipse with the sun 58. 9x 2 ! 24xy ! 16y 2 " 25
at one focus. The ellipse has major axis 186,000,000 mi and
eccentricity 0.017. Find the distance between the earth and the
sun when the earth is (a) closest to the sun and (b) farthest 59–62 ■ Use a graphing device to graph the conic. Identify the
from the sun. type of conic from the graph.

186,000,000 mi 59. 5x 2 ! 3y 2 " 60 60. 9x 2 # 12y 2 ! 36 " 0

61. 6x ! y 2 # 12y " 30 62. 52 x 2 # 72 xy ! 73y 2 " 100

63–66 ■ A polar equation of a conic is given. (a) Find the eccen-

tricity and identify the conic. (b) Sketch the conic and label the
vertices.
1 2
63. r " 64. r "
1 # cos u 3 ! 2 sin u
52. A ship is located 40 mi from a straight shoreline. LORAN sta-
tions A and B are located on the shoreline, 300 mi apart. From 4 12
65. r " 66. r "
the LORAN signals, the captain determines that his ship is 1 ! 2 sin u 1 # 4 cos u