SAP SE 

(/ˌɛs.eɪˈpi/) is a German multinational software
corporation based in Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg, that
develops enterprise software to manage business operations and
customer relations.[2][3] The company is especially known for its ERP
software.[4][5] SAP is the largest non-American software company by
revenue as well as the world's third-largest publicly-traded software
company.[6]
Historical references include Systems, Applications, and Products
in Data Processing,[2] SAP AG and SAP SE.

Contents

 1Company Overview
 2History
o 2.1Formation
o 2.2Enterprise Resource Planning
o 2.3Corporate restructuring
o 2.4SAP AG era
o 2.5SAP SE era
o 2.6Focus on cloud
 3Finances
 4Acquisitions
 5Business and markets
 6Enterprise service-oriented architecture
o 6.1Enterprise SOA
 7Partnerships
 8SAP PartnerEdge
 9SAP for Retailing
 10Communities
 11Organization
 12SAP Labs
 13SAP User Groups
 14SAP Cloud Platform
 15SAP S/4HANA
 16SAP Enterprise Learning
 17SAP Store
 18SAP App Center
 19Conferences
 20Competitive landscape
 21Philanthropic efforts
 22Sponsorships
 23Autism hiring
 24Bribery and corruption
o 24.1East African allegations
o 24.2South African allegations
o 24.3Panamanian bribery
 25See also
 26References
 27External links

Company Overview[edit]
Founded in 1972 as a private partnership named Systemanalyse
und Programmentwicklung (lit. 'System Analysis and Software
Development'; SAP GbR), which in 1981 fully became Systeme,
Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung (SAP
GmbH) after a five-year transition period beginning in 1976.[2]:1972–1980 In
2005 it further restructured itself as SAP AG. Since 7 July 2014, its
corporate structure is that of a pan-European societas Europaea (SE);
[7][8]
 as such, its former German corporate identity is now a
subsidiary, SAP Deutschland SE & Co. KG.[7]
SAP is headquartered in Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg, Germany with
regional offices in 180 countries.[9][3] The company has over 425,000
customers in over 180 countries[10] and is a component of the Euro
Stoxx 50 stock market index.[11] A 2001 article said it was "the third-
biggest software company in the world."[12]

History[edit]
Formation[edit]
When Xerox exited the computer hardware manufacturing industry in
1971,[13] it asked IBM to migrate its business systems to IBM
technology. As part of IBM's compensation for the migration, IBM was
given the rights to the Scientific Data Systems (SDS)/SAPE software,
reportedly for a contract credit of $80,000.
Five IBM engineers from the AI department[14][15] (Dietmar Hopp, Klaus
Tschira, Hans-Werner Hector, Hasso Plattner, and Claus
Wellenreuther, all from Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg) were working
on an enterprise-wide system based on this software, only to be told
that it would no longer be necessary. Rather than abandoning the
project, they decided to leave IBM Tech and start another company.[4]
[16]

In June 1972, they founded the SAP Systemanalyse und

Programmentwicklung ("System Analysis and Program
Development" / "SAPD") company, as a private partnership under the
German Civil Code.[17]
Their first client was the German branch of Imperial Chemical
Industries in Östringen,[18] where they developed mainframe programs
for payroll and accounting. Instead of storing the data on punch
cards mechanically, as IBM did, they stored it locally in the Electronic
System while using a common Logical database for all activities of
Organization.[clarification needed] Therefore, they called their software a real-
time system, since there was no need to process the punch cards
overnight (for this reason their flagship product carried an R in its
name until the late 1990s). This first version was also a standalone
software that could be offered to other interested parties.[19]
Enterprise Resource Planning[edit]
In 1973, the first commercial product was launched. SAP completes
its first financial accounting system - RF. This system serves as the
cornerstone in the ongoing development of other software modules of
the system that will eventually bear the name SAP R/1.[17]
This offered a common system for multiple tasks. This permitted the
use of a centralized data storage, improving the maintenance of data.
From a technical point of view, therefore, a database was necessary.
[20]
In 1976, SAP GmbH Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in der
Datenverarbeitung ("Systems, Applications, and Products in Data
Processing") was founded as a sales and support subsidiary. Five
years later, the private partnership was dissolved and its rights were
passed on to SAP GmbH.[17]
The headquarters moved the following year to Walldorf, Germany.
Three years later, in 1979, SAP launched SAP R/2, expanding the
capabilities of the system to other areas, such as material
management and production planning. In 1981, SAP brought a re-
designed product to market. However, SAP R/2 did not improve until
the period between 1985 and 1990. SAP released the new SAP R/3 in
1992. SAP developed and released several versions of R/3 through
1995. By the mid-1990s, SAP followed the trend
from mainframe computing to client–server architectures. The
development of SAP's internet strategy with mySAP.com redesigned
the concept of business processes (integration via Internet).[16] As a
result, R/3 was replaced with the introduction of SAP ERP Central
Component (ECC) 5.0 in 2004.[21] Architectural changes were also
made to support an enterprise service architecture to transition
customers to a services-oriented architecture. The latest version, SAP
ERP 6.0, was released in 2006. SAP ERP 6.0 has since then been
updated through SAP enhancement packs, the most recent: SAP
enhancement package 8 for SAP ERP 6.0 in 2016.[22]
Corporate restructuring[edit]
In August 1988, SAP GmbH became SAP AG, and public trading
started on 4 November 1988. Shares were listed on
the Frankfurt and Stuttgart stock exchanges.[16] In 1995, SAP was
included in the German stock index DAX and, on 22 September 2003,
SAP was included in the STOXX Europe 50.[23]
SAP AG era[edit]
The company's official name became SAP AG (a public limited
company) after the 2005 annual general meeting.
On 21 May 2014, SAP AG announced during the Annual General
Meeting of Shareholders held on the same day, 99% of the
shareholder votes approved the conversion of legal form to a
European stock corporation (Societas Europaea, SE) and at the same
time, elected the first Supervisory Board of SAP SE. The conversion
of the company's legal form would take place upon entry in the
commercial register, expected to be in July 2014.[24] [25]
SAP SE era[edit]
On 7 July 2014, SAP announced it had changed its legal form to a
European Company (Societas Europaea, SE). As a result, its German
subsidiary was renamed to SAP Deutschland SE & Co. KG.[7][26] the
conversion cost the company approximately €4 million.[27]
Focus on cloud[edit]
Since 2012, SAP has acquired several companies that sell cloud-
based products, with several multibillion-dollar acquisitions seen by
analysts as an attempt to challenge competitor Oracle.[28] In 2014 SAP
bought Concur Technologies, a provider of cloud-based travel and
expense management software, for $8.3 billion, SAP's most
expensive purchase to that date.[29] Analysts' reactions to the purchase
were mixed, with Thomas Becker of Commerzbank questioning
whether Concur was the right choice for SAP, while Credit Suisse
called the acquisition an "aggressive" move.[30]
In 2014, IBM and SAP began a partnership to sell cloud-based
services.[31] Likewise, in 2015, SAP also partnered with HPE to provide
secure hybrid cloud-based services running the SAP platform.[32] Both
HPE and IBM provide infrastructure services to SAP, and SAP runs its
SAP HANA cloud solution on top. SAP has announced additional
partnerships with Microsoft in order to give customers tools for data
visualization, as well as improved mobile applications.[33]
SAP exceeded its revenue projections due to the expansion in its
cloud business and the success of SAP HANA. The growth can also
be partially attributed to the acquisitions of Concur and Fieldglass.[34]
The company announced plans in 2016 to invest heavily into
technology relating to Internet of Things (IoT) as part of a strategy to
capitalize on the growth in that market. For that purpose, €2 billion is
planned for investment in relevant sectors by the end of 2020.[35] SAP
will also launch a new product line called SAP IoT, which "will
combine large amounts of data from things connected to the Internet
with machine learning and SAP's real-time database S/4 HANA."[35]
On 29 January 2019, SAP announced plans to cut approximately
4,000 positions at the company in a strategic plan to shift to more
modern cloud-based technologies such as blockchain, quantum
computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, and artificial
intelligence.[36]

Finances[edit]
For the fiscal year 2017, SAP reported earnings of €4 billion, with an
annual revenue of €23.5 billion, an increase of 6.3% over the previous
fiscal cycle.[37] SAP's shares traded at over US$105 per share, and its
market capitalization was valued at US$128 billion in December 2018.
This makes SAP the most valuable company in Germany.[38]

Revenue Total
Net income
Year in bn. Assets Employees
in bn. EUR€
EUR€ in bn. EUR€

2013 16.815 3.326 27.094 66,572

2014 17.560 3.280 38.507 74,406

2015 20.793 3.064 41.390 76,986

2016 22.062 3.646 44.277 84,183

2017 23.461 4.018 42.497 88,543

2018 24.708 4.088 51.502 96.498

 2019[39] 27.553 3.370 60.215 100,330

Acquisitions[edit]
Acquisitions (1991–now):[40]

Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
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num cost
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(Annou Collaborative Business

Signavi nced Process Design, Germ $1b
72
o Januar Management and any est.
y 2021) Analysis

Emarsy Oct Austri

71 Omnichannel marketing
s 2020 [41] a

Qualtric Nov [42] Collect, Manage, act on

70 2018 USA $8.0b
s [43] Experience data

Context Nov Robotics Process Franc

69
or 2018[44] Automation e

Coresys Jun platform for field service Switz

68
tems 2018[45] management erland
 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
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pany date ori
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gin

Callidus Jan Sales Performance

67 USA $2.4 b
Cloud 2018[46] Management Tool

Recast. Jan Conversational User Franc

66
ai 2018[47] Experience Technology e

Sep Customer Identity

65 Gigya Israel $350m
2017[48] Management

Dec
64 Abakus Marketing attribution USA
2016[49]

Plat.On Oct
63 2016[50] IoT USA
e [51]

Aug big data and Hadoop $125m

62 Altiscale USA
2016 Hosting +

Fedem
Jun Norw
61 Technol IoT
2016 ay
ogy
 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
num cost
pany date ori
ber s
gin

MeLLm
o Inc. Feb Mobile Business
60 USA
(Roamb 2016 Intelligence
i)

Concur
Sep Travel and Expense
59 Technol USA $8.3b
2014[52] Management
ogies

SeeWh May Behavioural target

58 USA $1.1b
y 2014 marketing

Fieldgla Mar Contingent labour and

57 USA
ss 2014 services

Oct Franc
56 KXEN Predictive analytics
2013 e

May Switz
55 hybris E-Commerce Solutions $1.5b
2013 erland

Camilio Mar Cana

54 Insurance solutions
n 2013 da
 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
num cost
pany date ori
ber s
gin

SmartO Feb
53 Inventory optimization USA
ps 2013

Ticket systems and

Ticket- Feb Germ
52 special CRM solutions for
Web 2013[53] any
sports and entertainment

Oct
51 Ariba Supplier network USA $4.3b
2012

Jun
50 Syclo Mobile asset management USA
2012

Jan Electronic performance Germ

49 datango
2012 support technologies any

Human Capital
Management (see
Succes SuccessFactors
Dec
48 sFactor acquisitions USA $3.4b
2011
s on https://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/SuccessFactors#Acq
uisitions)
 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
num cost
pany date ori
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gin

Right
Sep
47 Hemisp 3D visualization USA
2011
here

Crossga Sep Germ

46 B2B eCommerce
te 2011 any

Security software (Not the

Mar whole company, only Germ
45 Secude
2011 some assets were any
acquired)

Dec Germ
44 Cundus Disclosure Management
2010 any

May Database, middleware,

43 Sybase USA $5.8b
2010 mobile software

TechniD May Environmental, Health Germ

42
ata 2010 and Safety any

Sep Switz
41 SAF Inventory Management $91m
2009 erland
 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
num cost
pany date ori
ber s
gin

Highdea May Franc

40 High-volume billing
l 2009 e

Visipris Jul
39 Manufacturing Execution USA
e 2008

Saicon Oct
38 US Recruitment India
INC 2014

Busines
Oct Franc
37 sObject Business Intelligence $6.78b
2007 e
s

Yasu
Technol Oct Business Rules
36 India
ogies 2007 Management Software
Pvt. Ltd.

Wicom
Commu May Internet Communication Finlan
35
nication 2007 software d
s
 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
num cost
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MaXwar May Norw

34 Identity software
e 2007 ay

Outlook May
33 Planning & consolidation USA
soft 2007[54]

Pilot
Feb Strategy Management ~$200
32 Softwar USA
2007 software m
e

Factory Dec Lean scheduling and

31 USA
Logic 2006 supply synchronisation

Praxis
Softwar
Jul Web-based CRM and
30 e USA
2006 eCommerce
Solution
s

Frictionl
ess May
29 SRM software USA
Comme 2006
rce
 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
num cost
pany date ori
ber s
gin

Virsa
Apr
28 System Compliance solutions USA
2006
s

SAP
System
Dec Germ
27 s Consulting services
2005 any
Integrati
on

Nov Enterprise Integration

26 Callixa USA
2005 Information software

Khimetri Nov
25 retail software USA
cs 2005

Triversit Sep Cana

24 POS software
y 2005 da

Manufacturing Intelligence
Lightha Jun
23 and Collaborative USA
mmer 2005[55]
Manufacturing
 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
num cost
pany date ori
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gin

Unite
DCS
Feb Automotive Dealer d
22 Quantu
2005 Management Kingd
m
om

Tomorr Jan
21 Grey market support USA
owNow 2005

Jan SAP BusinessOne Norw

20 ilytix
2005 Business Intelligence ay

Jul
19 A2i Master Data Management USA
2004[56]

SPM
Dec Germ
18 Technol IT architecture consulting
2003[57] any
ogies

DCW
Jul Germ
17 Softwar OS/400 Applications
2003 any
e

16 Guimac Dec NetWeaver Visual USA

 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
num cost
pany date ori
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gin

hine 2002 Composer toolkit

May Integrated managed

15 IMHC USA
2001 health care from IDS

Express May
14 real-time file sharing ?
ion 2002

Topman Feb
13 SAP BusinessOne Suite Israel
age 2002

Paynet
Dec Germ
12 Internati Invoice Processing
2001 any
onal AG

COPA Nov Beverage industry Germ

11
GmbH 2001 consulting any

Infinite
Data May Trade Management /
10 USA
Structur 2001 CRM
es
 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
uisit uisit
ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
num cost
pany date ori
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Enterprise Information
Mar ~$400
9 Toptier Portal and Integration USA
2001 m
Infrastructure

Prescie
nt Feb
8 Consulting services USA
Consulti 2000
ng

In-Q-My
Technol Bulga
7 2000 J2EE Server
ogies ria
GmbH

Campb
ell
6 1999[58] Workforce Management USA
Softwar
e

AMC
Call Center telephony
5 Develop 1998 USA
integration software
ment

4 OFEK- 1998 Warehousing and Israel

Tech distribution centre
 Co
Acq Acq
Acqu Acq unt
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ired uisit ry
ion Specialty ion
com ion of
num cost
pany date ori
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gin

software

Kiefer &
Germ
3 Veitting 1997 Sales force Applications
any
er

Germ
2 Dacos 1996 Retail solution
any

Software and Consulting Germ

1 Steeb 1991
Services any

Business and markets[edit]

SAP CEO meeting with Azerbaijan's leader Ilham Aliyev

As of 2016, SAP is the world's third-largest software and programming
company.[59] The corporation operates in Europe, Asia, Africa, the
Middle East, North America, and South America.[60]
SAP focuses on 25 industries and six industry sectors: process
industries, discrete industries, consumer industries, service industries,
financial services and public services.[61] It offers integrated product
sets for large enterprises,[62] mid-sized companies and small
businesses.[63]

Enterprise service-oriented architecture[edit]

Service-oriented architecture has been incorporated into the SAP ERP
(Enterprise Resource Planning) system and other products defined
within the SAP Enterprise Services Architecture (Enterprise SOA).
Enterprise SOA[edit]
SAP Enterprise Service Oriented Architecture (or Enterprise SOA) is
SAP SE's service-oriented architecture implementation.[64] Enterprise
SOA is enabled by the SAP NetWeaver platform and builds on the
benefits of Web services. SAP has positioned Enterprise SOA to
deliver the benefits offered by service-oriented architecture, including
enabling both flexibility and business efficiency. SAP markets
Enterprise SOA (service-oriented architecture) as a cost-effective way
of adding new applications to existing infrastructure.[65] SAP Solutions
that currently use Enterprise SOA are mySAP CRM, mySAP ERP,
and mySAP SRM.

Partnerships[edit]
SAP partners include Global Services Partners with cross-industry
multinational consulting capabilities,[66] Global Software Partners
providing integrated products that complement SAP Business Suite
solutions,[67] and Global Technology Partners providing user
companies with a wide range of products to support SAP technology,
including vendors of hardware, database, storage systems, networks,
and mobile computing technology.[68]
Extensions partners are companies which provide functionality that
complements SAP product capabilities. Their products are certified,
sold, and supported by SAP. These partner companies
include Adobe, CA Technologies, GK Software,[69] Tricentis,[70] Hewlett-
Packard, IDS Scheer, Mendix,[71] OpenText,[72] Knoa Software, and
BackOffice Associates.[73]
SAP has also partnered with Apple to work on the mobile experience
for SAP enterprise customers. As part of the partnership, a new SAP
HANA Cloud Platform SDK would be delivered exclusively for iOS. As
a result, developers can build applications based on the SAP HANA
Cloud Platform for the iPhone and iPad devices. The partnership was
announced in May 2016.[74]
In 2019, SAP announced a three-year partnership "Embrace"
with Microsoft that should allow its clients to move their business
process into the cloud. SAP teams up on cloud sales with Microsoft
In 2020 SAP announced that together with Wipro it will co-develop
and market "solutions for the retail and fashion industry."[75]

SAP PartnerEdge[edit]
SAP products for small businesses and midsize companies are
delivered through its global partner network. The SAP PartnerEdge
programme, SAP's partner programme, offers a set of business
enablement resources and program benefits to help partners including
value-added resellers (VARs) and independent software vendors
(ISVs) be profitable and successful in implementing, selling,
marketing, developing and delivering SAP products to a broad range
of customers.[76]

SAP for Retailing[edit]

SAP for Retailing is a comprehensive set of offerings for various
retail processes including demand
management/forecasting and supply chain at a high level, and specific
areas such as contracting, purchasing, goods receipts, invoice
verification, accounts payable, pricing, billing, Point-of-
Sale and business analytics.
"SAP for Retail" is the title of a book about the software.[77]

Communities[edit]
SAP Community Network (SCN) is a community of SAP customers,
partners, employees, and influencers – typically in roles such as:
developers, consultants, integrators, and business analysts – who
gain and share knowledge about ABAP, Java, .NET, SOA, and other
technologies, plus analytics and dashboards, business process best
practices, cloud, mobile, big data, and a range of other topics via
blogs, discussion forums, downloads and code samples, training
materials, and a technical library.[78]

Organization[edit]
SAP uses a two-tier structure of boards, with an executive board and
a supervisory board.[79][80] In October 2019, Jennifer
Morgan and Christian Klein were appointed as co-CEOs of SAP.[81] In
April 2020, it was announced that Jennifer Morgan will leave SAP and
Christian Klein will continue to operate as the sole CEO, citing that the
current environment of the Coronavirus recession requires
"companies to take swift, determined action which is best supported
by a very clear leadership structure".[82]
Headquarters is responsible for overall management as well as core
engineering activities related to product development. Worldwide
customer support is not provided by the field organizations but by a
unified organization called Active Global Support (AGS).[83]

SAP Labs[edit]
SAP Labs are R&D locations that develop and improve SAP core
products. SAP Labs are strategically located in high-tech clusters
around the globe.[12]
Locations of SAP Labs
Country Main location(s)
Germany Walldorf/Rot, Markdorf, Berlin
United States Silicon Valley
India Bangalore
 China Shanghai
Brazil São Leopoldo
Bulgaria Sofia
Canada Vancouver, Montreal, Waterloo
South Korea Seoul
Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City
Israel Ra'anana
Russia Moscow
France Paris, Sophia Antipolis
Ireland Dublin
Hungary Budapest
Slovakia Bratislava
Czech Republic Brno
Poland Gliwice

The four most prominent labs of SAP SE are located in Germany,

Japan, Israel and the US. Labs Walldorf was founded in 1972 and
became SAP's primary location. At the beginning, the focus of SAP's
expansion was entering highly developed IT markets; in 1993 Palo
Alto became a part of SAP Labs. Aiming to acquire talented
employees, SAP opened another lab in Bangalore in 2003.[12]
Among the latest SAP Labs are labs in Czech Republic, Slovakia and
Poland. All three labs have been established in 2016. The lab in India
as of 2016 is SAP's largest outside Germany.
In order to manage SAP Labs, SAP Labs Network (SLN) was
created. SLN is a global unit that manages regional Labs and shares
best business practices. It coordinates and distributes development
projects among individual SAP Labs locations, accelerates product
delivery, gives SAP full access to talent, and drives SAP corporate
strategy regarding innovation and business growth.[84]

SAP User Groups[edit]

SAP User Groups are independent, nonprofit organizations of SAP
customers and SAP partners. They serve as communications channel
for their members towards SAP and for SAP towards the markets. The
Americas' SAP Users' Group (ASUG)[85] is the company's largest user
group, with 100,000 individuals at 3,800 companies. ASUG members
are professionals who work in more than 17 industries. Many are
technical and business process experts in the SAP ecosystem; they
have varied levels of experience, and come from small businesses to
global corporations, as well as universities. In 2007, the SAP User
Group Executive Network (SUGEN) was established.
SAP provoked controversy and frustration among its users in 2008 by
raising the cost of its maintenance contracts. The issue was the
subject of intense discussion among user groups.[86]

SAP Cloud Platform[edit]

SAP Cloud Platform is SAP's platform-as-a-service (PaaS)[87] that is
used to deliver in-memory capabilities and microservices for building
and extending, mobile-enabled cloud applications. The infrastructure
is offered through a global network of SAP managed data centers.
SAP Cloud Platform is an open platform-as-a-service, which includes
the in-memory SAP HANA database management system, connects
to both on premises and cloud-based systems running SAP or other
third-party software and relies on open standards, like Java,
JavaScript, Node.js and Cloud Foundry for integration options.
SAP Cloud Platform is promoted to build and extend business
applications with rapid innovation cycles. SAP and Apple Inc.
partnered to develop mobile applications on iOS using cloud-based
software development kits (SDKs) for the SAP Cloud Platform. SAP
founding development partners[88] for their Cloud Platform
include Accenture, Celonis, EnterpriseAlumni, and Walmart.
SAP Cloud Platform is based on open source technology, developed
and supported in partnership with SUSE. The company is also in
partnership with Cloud Foundry for a beta offering of SAP Cloud
Platform that enables customers to test out and give feedback for the
functionalities coming with Cloud Foundry.

SAP S/4HANA[edit]
Main article: SAP S/4HANA
In 2015, the company launched S/4HANA, the newest generation of
the SAP Business Suite. It was written natively for the SAP
HANA platform. It offers cloud, on-premises and hybrid deployment
options to customers, with its benefits including a smaller data
footprint, higher throughput, faster analytics and faster access to data.
It also allows existing SAP Business Suite customers to upgrade to
this product from SAP Business Suite.[89]
In 2016, SAP introduced SAP HANA, Express Edition which is meant
to run on personal computers or on cloud computing platforms for
students and other small-scale developers.[90]

SAP Enterprise Learning[edit]

"The SAP Enterprise Learning solution is part of SAP ERP HCM" is
a quote from a 2009-published book about the subject.[91] The
acronym ERP refers to Enterprise Resource
Management; HCM refers to Human Capital Management.[92]
There are other books on SAP ERP HCM including:

 Mastering HR Management with SAP ERP HCM[93]

 Talent Management with SAP ERP HCM[94]
SAP Enterprise Learning is a learning management system, for
large and medium-sized enterprises, from SAP, and it contains a
virtual learning room feature powered by Adobe Connect.[95] A sample
can be experienced in the SAP Learning on Demand Portal. SAP uses
this for delivering online training[96] as a Learning on Demand offering;
some of this content is freely available[97] as e-books or simulations.
The company has a book on this subject, available since June 2009.[98]
SAP Store[edit]
SAP launched the SAP store in March 2015 as its principal e-comm