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History of Operating Systems - Operating Systems (Windows, Linux, IOS, Android, WebOS, Others)

The document discusses the history and evolution of operating systems over four generations from the 1940s to present day. The first generation involved absolute machine language programming without operating systems. The second generation saw the introduction of the first operating system called GMOS in the 1950s for batch processing mainframes that only governments and large corporations could afford. The third generation involved developments like multiprogramming that allowed more efficient CPU usage and the growth of minicomputers in the 1960s. The fourth generation began in 1980 with the creation of personal computing through affordable personal computers running early operating systems like MS-DOS, Windows, and Apple's Macintosh OS.

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Fabian
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369 views

History of Operating Systems - Operating Systems (Windows, Linux, IOS, Android, WebOS, Others)

The document discusses the history and evolution of operating systems over four generations from the 1940s to present day. The first generation involved absolute machine language programming without operating systems. The second generation saw the introduction of the first operating system called GMOS in the 1950s for batch processing mainframes that only governments and large corporations could afford. The third generation involved developments like multiprogramming that allowed more efficient CPU usage and the growth of minicomputers in the 1960s. The fourth generation began in 1980 with the creation of personal computing through affordable personal computers running early operating systems like MS-DOS, Windows, and Apple's Macintosh OS.

Uploaded by

Fabian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating

systems
(Windows,
Linux, iOS,
Android,
WebOS,
others) Sea rc h t his sit e

Int ro duct io n t o
Operat ing Syst ems
Hist o ry o f Operat ing History of Operating
Systems
Syst ems
Specific Inf o rmat io n o n
Operat ing Syst ems
So cial and Business
Implicat io ns o f
Operat ing Syst ems The First Generation (1940's to early 1950's)
Current Event s in When elect ronic comput ers where first int roduced in t he 1940's
Operat ing Syst ems t hey were creat ed wit hout any operat ing syst ems. All
St ephen Murfin programming was done in absolut e machine language, oft en by
Ref erences wiring up plugboards t o cont rol t he machine's basic
Sit emap funct ions. During t his generat ion comput ers were generally used
t o solve simple mat h calculat ions, operat ing syst ems were not
necessarily needed.

The Second Generation (1955-1965)


The first operat ing syst em was int roduced in t he early 1950's, it
was called GMOS and was creat ed by General Mot ors for IBM's
machine t he 701. Operat ing syst ems in t he 1950's were called
single-st ream bat ch processing syst ems because t he dat a was
submit t ed in groups. These new machines were called
mainframes, and t hey were used by professional operat ors in
large comput er rooms. Since t here was such as high price t ag on
t hese machines, only government agencies or large corporat ions
were able t o afford t hem.

The Third Generation (1965-1980)


By t he lat e 1960's operat ing syst ems designers were able t o
develop t he syst em of mult iprogramming in which a comput er
program will be able t o perform mult iple jobs at t he same
t ime.The int roduct ion of mult iprogramming was a major part in
t he development of operat ing syst ems because it allowed a
CPU t o be busy nearly 100 percent of t he t ime t hat it was in
operat ion. Anot her major development during t he t hird generat ion
was t he phenomenal growt h of minicomput ers, st art ing wit h t he
DEC PDP-1 in 1961. The PDP-1 had only 4K of 18-bit words, but
at $120,000 per machine (less t han 5 percent of t he price of a
7094), it sold like hot cakes. These microcomput ers help creat e a
whole new indust ry and t he development of more PDP's. These
PDP's helped lead t o t he creat ion of personal comput ers which
are creat ed in t he fourt h generat ion. 

The Fourth Generation (1980-Present Day)


The fourt h generat ion of operat ing syst ems saw t he creat ion of
personal comput ing. Alt hough t hese comput ers were very similar
t o t he minicomput ers developed in t he t hird generat ion, personal
comput ers cost a very small fract ion of what minicomput ers
cost . A personal comput er was so affordable t hat it made it
possible for a single individual could be able t o own one for
personal use while minicomput ers where st ill at such a high price
t hat only corporat ions could afford t o have t hem. One of t he
major fact ors in t he creat ion of personal comput ing was t he birt h
of Microsoft and t he Windows operat ing syst em. The windows
Operat ing Syst em was creat ed in 1975 when Paul Allen and Bill
Gat es had a vision t o t ake personal comput ing t o t he next level.
They int roduced t he MS-DOS in 1981 alt hough it was effect ive
it creat ed much difficult y for people who t ried t o underst and
it s crypt ic commands. Windows went on t o become t he largest
operat ing syst em used in t echonology t oday wit h releases of
Windows 95, Windows 98, WIndows XP (Which is current ly t he
most used operat ing syst em t o t his day), and t heir newest
operat ing syst em Windows 7. Along wit h Microsoft , Apple is t he
ot her major operat ing syst em creat ed in t he 1980's. St eve Jobs,
co founder of Apple, creat ed t he Apple Macint osh which was a
huge success due t o t he fact t hat it was so user friendly.
Windows development t hroughout t he lat er years were
influenced by t he Macint osh and it creat ed a st rong compet it ion
bet ween t he t wo companies. Today all of our elect ronic devices
run off of operat ing syst ems, from our comput ers and
smart phones, t o ATM machines and mot or vehicles. And
as t echnology advances, so do operat ing syst ems.    

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