Prakarsa-Iliadi - Slickline - Rigless Application 20180307
Prakarsa-Iliadi - Slickline - Rigless Application 20180307
Prakarsa-Iliadi - Slickline - Rigless Application 20180307
& Rigless Operation
PT. PRAKARSA PRAMANDITA
PT ILIADI CIPTA ENERGI
Some of Iliadi’s fleet
Agenda Today
1. Well Integrity Surveillance (Memory Slickline Services)
• Flow Leak Analyzer
• Behind casing flow channeling analysis
• Leak Detection
• Injectivity surveillance (for water disposal and water flooding well)
• Casing integrity (Magnetic Thickness Detector dan Multi Finger Caliper)
• Downhole Camera
• PTS (Pressure Temperature Spinner)
2. Clamp‐on Multi Phase Flow Meter.
3. Memory gauge / running SBHP
4. Non Explosive/Non wireline perforation services à Sand Jetting Perforation ( other
alternative for perforation without skin)
5. Set RBP for change valve
Well Integrity
Surveillance
Memory Slickline Services
Natural decline or Problems ?
Production Rate Production Rate
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
Years of Production Years of Production
Natural Decline due to Rapid decline due to
deterioration of reservoir production related damage.
Could be due to :
• Wellbore damage
• Well Integrity (X‐flow, leaking)
Production Management System
Reservoir
1
Saturation
Analysis
(C/O, Σ,
ABC)
4
Reservoir
Flow Profile
Production
Management 2
Wellbore
flow
profile
3
Well
Integrity
Well Integrity
Global challenge
(% of well with integrity issues) Integrity management challenges
North Sea
Norway
18%
482 wells3
77%
North Sea
UK 34% 1 SPE North Sea Well integrity forum, Nov 2009 & Drilling Engineering
1,600 wells2 Association (DEA) Europe, March 2010. Data compares main challenges
faced by operators in managing well performance. 100+ operator
participants.
Gulf of
Mexico 45%
6,650 wells1
Unwanted Unwanted
LEAK Problem FLOW Problem
1 US Minerals Management Service survey, 2004. Reported 6,650 out of 14,927 active
wells had sustained annular pressure in deepwater and shelf GOM.
2 SPE forum North Sea Well Integrity Challenges, 2009. Approx. 100 participants
indicated no. of wells with at least one anomaly. Average 1,600 out of 4,700 active wells.
3 Norwegian Petroleum Safety Authority, Well Integrity study, 2006. Study sampled 406
of 2,682 wells. 18% of wells had well integrity failures or issues. 7% completely shut in owing
to integrity issues
Well Integrity
• Hydraulic Isolation Integrity
• Inside Wellbore flow Profile
• Behind pipe flow profile
• Tubular leaking
• Mechanical integrity
• Casing Condition
• Cement Condition
Identifying Downhole Hydraulic Isolation Integrity
• Inside Wellbore flow Profile
• Behind pipe flow profile
• Tubular leaking
Production Logging Tool
• Production Logging Sensors :
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Spinner
• Calliper
• Capacitance
• Fluid Density
• GR‐CCL
• Applications :
• Full Production Logging Capability
• Flow Profile
• Fluid Type
• Leak Detection for simple problem
PTS (Pressure Temperature Spinner)
Pressure Sensor Type Silicon Sapphire
Pressure Range 5K psi | 10K psi
Accuracy ± 0.03% FS
Resolution 0.0003% FS
Temperature Sensor Type RTD (Pt1,000; 4‐wire)
Temperature Range 300 °C (572 °F) | 350 °C (662 °F)
Accuracy ± 0.5 °C
Resolution 0.01 °C
Flow Profile Sensor Type Reed Switch/magnetic
Spinner Range 5 – 7,000 RPM
Accuracy (< 20 RPS) ± 0.5 revolution
Accuracy (> 20 RPS) ± 0.25 revolution
Resolution (< 20 RPS) 0.5 RPS
Resolution (> 20 RPS) 0.1 RPS
Option to have :
• CCL depth correlation
• Memory or SRO operation
PLT/PTS ‐ Limitations
• Only gives flow profile inside
wellbore
• There is minimum detectable
saturation
Question#1
What if there is channeling behind casing ?
What CBL says?
Question#2
What if HC saturation below minimum
threshold of PLT reading
Cement Bond Tool
• The intent of running CBL is to evaluate hydraulic seal
• Other reasons for running CBL are:
• Determining cement coverage
• Compressive strength
• Locate top of cement
• Cement Bond Logs measure the loss of acoustic energy as it propagates through
casing.
Log Presentation
Free Pipe
Top of Cement
Partial Bonding
Fast Formation
Good Overall
Cement Job
Cement Bond Tool ‐ LIMITATION
Types of Cement Channels
Only detect :
• Cement channel I
• Cement channel II
• Cement channel V (some of it)
Will not detect :
• Cement channel III
• Cement channel IV
• Cement channel V (some of it)
Example : CBL and Hydraulic Seal
• What do Cement Bond Logs tell us about hydraulic seals?
Example : CBL and Hydraulic Seal
• What do Cement Bond Logs tell us about hydraulic seals?
• Cement Bond Logs do not measure hydraulic seals!
Annular Leak/Flow Analyser
Frequency
Function of Channel Size
Amplitude
function of
1) Delta Pressure
2) Type of Fluid
FLOW Problem
3) Flow rate
LEAK Problem
Annular Leak Flow Analizer (ALFA)
• Fluid movement thru media will produce noise.
The noise comes from both fluid itself and
vibrating elements streamlined by fluid flows.
• The fluid noise is result of internal friction and
normally audible in high speed turbulent flows.
• In wellbore, fluid flows generate noise through
the vibration of various features of the
geological environment and wellbore
components.
• Noise spectrum depends only on the type of
channel through which fluid/gas moves.
• Noise intensity or volume increases with linear
flow rate, as function of fluid type and pressure
gradient.
Case#1 : Water injector/disposal
Services :
• MPLT
• Temperature
• Acoustic Flow Analysis
Case#2 : Oil Producer
Bore hole flow
Services :
Fracture flow • MPLT
?
• ALFA
Reservoir
Matrix flow
Channeling
Case#3 : Gas Well, Sustain Casing Head Pressure
Services :
• Temperature
• Cement Bond Log
• Acoustic Flow Analysis
Case
• Sustain Casing Head Pressure on
Annulus B
• Found flow energy coming from
bottom section of the well, flowing
to surface thru behind casing
channeling.
Case#4 : Oil Well, Behind casing channeling
Services :
• Temperature
• Acoustic Flow
Analysis
Case#4 : Oil Well, Behind casing channeling
Services :
• Temperature
• Acoustic Flow
Analysis
Case#4 : Oil Well, Behind casing channeling
Services :
• Temperature
• Acoustic Flow
Analysis
Case#5 : Oil Well, behind casing channelling and tubing leak
Services :
• Temperature
• Acoustic Flow Analysis
• PLT
Case
• High Water cut production from commingle
production.
• Only GLM#1 & 2 was installed w/ orifice
• Found :
• Lower zone is not contributing
• Upper zone is actively producing fluid
• Flow channeling from above and
below perforation zone
• Lots of tubing leaks not on GLM
observed
Question#1
What if there is channeling behind casing ?
What CBL says?
Question#2
What if HC saturation below minimum
threshold of PLT reading
M‐Production Logging Tool ‐ LIMITATION
Hi water cut
Oil Producer
Highly deviated
Low water entry
Gas Producer
Horizontal
Only gives flow profile
Have difficulties to
inside wellbore
identify low cut‐off
fluid
M‐Downhole Video
Example Snapshot
• Early knowledge of corrosion/PI problems can help in:
• minimizing/removing the source
• implementing preventive measures
• Precise identification of failure can minimize repair expense
• Remedial action can be taken before the well is seriously damaged
• Optimization of Workover Programs for maximum efficiency
• An understanding of the corrosion pattern may help in optimizing the
completion design
Consequential Factors
• Health and Environment hazards
• explosion, fire, pollution
• Loss of production, Workover Expenses
• corrosion cost is estimated at being 3% of all operational costs
• it is estimated that 30 – 50% can be saved
Badly Corroded Tubing – Poor Workover Timing?
Location of Pipe Integrity Problems ‐ MANY AND VARIED!!!
Pipe Integrity Logging Tools
• Magnetic Thickness Detector – EM Inspection
Methods
• Multi Finger Caliper
Magnetic Thickness Detector
Pulsed Eddy Current tool
• Same depth Tx and Rx coils
• Short High Energy Pulsed Transmission
• Inherently Multi‐Frequency
• Time Domain Received signal
• Measures multiple pipes
Magnetic Thickness Detector
Pulsed Eddy Current tool
Firing
Integrated
Sampling
3rd
2nd
Acquire Noise
Ringing
1st
Dead
Zone
• Concept of Time Decay Eddy Diffusion
Why use Pulsed Eddy Current?
• Through data processing we
can determine separately :
– thickness & hence corrosion of
inner and outer pipes.
Simulation Results from a typical 2‐7/8” tubing and 7” casing completion
2 7/8" 7"
This plots shows the tool response to
This plots shows the tool response to
thickness variations in the 7” casing
thickness variations in the 2‐7/8” tubing
In the early channels (1‐4) there is little or
All channels respond with slightly more no effect to thickness changes and only the
sensitivity in early time channels. later channels are influenced.
X‐axis are time channels which represent early time to the left and late time to the right
Y‐axis is the normalized signal for each channel where 1 represents the response of nominal tubing / casing thickness
Data Visualization (VDL)
The data is normalized such
that: 2‐7/8” tubing collar
• Green color represents pipe 7” pipe damage
with nominal thickness. i.e.
values are one.
• Blue color represents increased 7” casing collar
thickness
• Red color represents thickness
reduction 2‐7/8” tubing collar
Case Study
Producer Well
Well integrity problem:
Pressure observed in A
annulus.
MTD ran
in 4‐1/2” Tubing
Objective was to evaluate
the condition of 7”
Severe casing
damage/Well loss is
evident in 7” Casing in
the interval 2502.3 –
2507.7 m
Pipe Corrosion and Localized Scaling
MFC24 5‐1/2
MTD
Caliper Casing
Pipe Thickness Change (weight)
MFC24 5‐1/2
MTD Casing
Caliper
MTD Specifications
Specification Specification
Working Temperature 0 ℃ → 175 ℃ (20 ℉ → 350 ℉) Vertical Defect (slot) Detection
Working Pressure ≤ 100 MPa (14,503 psi) Minimum slot length detectable in
O.D.
50 mm (1.97")
42 mm (1.65″) single tubing of 2.5" od
Total Length 2,700 mm (106.3″) Minimum slot length detectable in
70 mm (2.75")
Typical Logging Speed for single tubing of 5.5" od
5.8 m/min (19 ft/min )
Thickness Calculation Minimum slot length detectable in
Typical Logging Speed for defect double tubular (inner 2.5" od, outer 150 mm (5.90")
2.5 m/min (8.2 ft/min )
detection 5.5" od)
Wall Thickness Measurement Horizontal Defect (slot) Detection
Accuracy Single Tubing 0.5 mm (0.02″) Minimum slot length detectable in
Accuracy Double Tubing / Casing 1.5 mm (0.06″)
50 mm (1.97")
single tubing of 2.5" od
Resolution first string 0.15 mm (0.006″) Minimum slot length detectable in
100 mm (3.94")
Resolution second string 0.30 mm (0.012″) single tubing of 5.5" od
Measurement Range Minimum OD 62 mm (2.445") Well Temperature Measurement
Measurement Range Maximum OD
324 mm (12.75")
Measuring range 0 ℃ → 175 ℃ (20 ℉ → 350 ℉)
single string Measuring accuracy 1 Ԩ (1.8 Ԭ)
Single Tubular wall thickness
12 mm (0.47") Resolution 0.01 Ԩ (0.018 Ԭ)
maximum
Multiple tubular wall thickness Gammaray Measurement
25 mm (0.98")
maximum Measuring range up to 800 API
Multi‐Finger Imaging Caliper
• Measurement :
• 24/40/56 independent caliper logging curves
• Deviation
• Relative Bearing
• Temperature
• Deliverables : High accuracy, high resolution detailed
inspection of inside completion string and its components.
• Maximum, minimum and average borehole diameter curves
• 3‐D imaging and calculation of metal wear or corrosion or
mineral deposition.
Max Temperature : 350 F
Max Pressure : 14.5 kPsi
Radial Accuracy : 0.5 mm
Resolution : 0.1 mm
Acquisition : Memory/SRO
MFC vs MTD
Both Showing :
• Pipe Collar 2232 m
• Pipe Damage at 2232.5 and
2236 m
CASE#1 MTD + MFC
Found :
9 5/8”
9 5/8”
43.5 ppf
• 9‐5/8” casing
43.5 ppf
Casing ID
Casing 13 3/8”
Casing
• Max Penetration of 43% at 1420
Thickness
Thickness m
• Max Metal loss of 11% at 1337
m
• 13‐3/8” casing
• Max Metal loss of 7.4% at 522 m
Result :
9 5/8”
• Well is still good to be used as gas
9 5/8”
47 ppf
47 ppf producer
Casing
Casing ID
Thickness • New updated MAWOPs can be
determined for saver operation.
Integrated Video & Caliper (IVC) WELLBORE DIAGNOSIS
Retrievable Bridge Plug
Slickline setting RBP
technology provided supported by:
Slickline Hydraulic set and mechanical retrieve Bridge Plug (RBP)
• Highly debris tolerant due to equalising/ retrieval design.
• Set using conventional Non Explosive Slickline/e‐line
Hydraulic setting tools.
• No specialized retrieval tool required, standard GS pulling
tool used to equalise and retrieve.
• Bi‐Directional mechanical slips.
• Large slip footprint maximises slip/casing contact area.
• Overall length minimized for restricted access
deployment.
• Option to install a Lower Junk Catcher Extension in high
debris environments.
• Application
• Bridge Plug setting.
• Straddle setting.
• High Expansion Gauge Hanger
setting.
• Benefits
• Non pyrotechnic.
• Reduces risks associated with
Wireline mechanical
manipulation.
• Setting force is applied in a
controlled manner.
• Field redressable.
Mechanical Set ‐ Retrievable Plug & Flow Control
Flow Control Applications :
• SIM* Plug (Slickline Installed Mechanically set)
• SIM* Straddle
• SIM* Gas Lift Straddle
• SIM* Lift (Top Latch Interchangeable Choke)
• SIM* Hanger
• Large Bore Gauge Hanger
• Standing Valve
• Downhole Orifice Choke
• Gaslift Orifice Sub
• Flow Activated Safety Valve
*Courtesy of Peak Well Services
Memory Gauges
SBHP
technology provided supported by:
Objective
Obtain current pressure data information of a well to support any
future project.
3
1 2 3 4
1 2 4
Pressure Transient Analysis – Build Up
Pressure Transient Analysis – Draw Down
EMR Gauges
0.5” Gauges 0.75” Gauges
1” Gauges 1.25” Gauges
Sand Jet Perforator
Non‐Explosive Perforation
technology provided supported by:
Sand Jet Perforator
Sand jet perforating (SJP) is a process that uses high High pressure fluid slurry
pressure fluid slurry to perforate tubulars and cement erodes and washes out a
perforation channel
within an oil or gas well, and simultaneously extend a
cavity into the reservoir. Advances in metallurgy have
allowed major re‐designs of sand jet perforating tools
and jet orifices.
Key Points
Ideal Applications: • No explosives
1. Shallow land (to 2500m) wells
• Easy handling
2. Areas with explosive use and transportation
restrictions • Vertical depth independent
3. Horizontal well applications • No swarf
• Easy adaptable to rig pumps
Well Construction Benefits:
• Field proven – daily used
1. Large, no skin perforation tunnels
2. No Skin = No Consequential Pressure Drop = Higher • Increased production
BHP = Higher Recovery ‐‐‐‐‐> Especially in gas wells! • Significantly reduction of rig time
3. Multiple Casing strings not an issue
4. Operationally very simple
Sand Jet Perforator (Cont’d)
Sand Jet Perforator is an alternative to use of explosives and can reduce
associated cost for operators and time delays considerably.
A downhole tool that uses high pressure abrasive fluids to perforate the
casing, cement, and extend a cavity into the reservoir.
• Extends efficiently into the
reservoir by eroding a perforation
channel.
• Washes out a tunnel with a larger
inner diameter for increased
contact with the formation
• 1 inch to 2 inch diameter tunnel
• Eliminates compressive stresses on
source rock.
No explosives are necessary for the process.
• Better reservoir drain area. Use Safer than conventional tubing conveyed and
wireline conveyed explosive methods.
fewer perforations per foot than No government permits or military escorts required.
explosives require Uses only sand, water and gel to cut holes.
Explosives Sand Jet Perforator
Small tunnel Bigger and cleaner
with high skin tunnel with low skin
SPE 161223
Sand Jet Perforator Configuration
• Tool Body Can Be Used in Multiple Casing Sizes
• Available in Many Phasing Patterns, 60°,90°,120°, 180°.
• Multiple Shot Density Configurations
• shots per foot include 2 spf to 9 spf and more if desired.
• Can be run on coiled tubing or jointed pipe.
• U.S. Patent #7963332
Ultraslim II SJP
• New design allows interchangeable redress parts in an extremely
small size
• More perforations in one trip
• Tool body can be used in multiple OD Sizes
• Pass through tight restrictions, then perforate
• Pressure actuated jets can be opened from the surface.
• US Patent #9416610
Sand Jet Perforator Operation
Surface Rig Up
• If pumping assembly (rod pump, electric submersible pump, or progressive cavity
pump) is in the well, disconnect and remove all pumping apparatus
• If running on production tubing, inspect and pressure test tubing to be run.
• Run logging equipment, if desired.
Sand Jet Perforator Tool Assembly
• Start with the assembled perforating tool
• Attach bull plug below perforating tool
Sand Jet Perforation Process
• Lower tool to desired depth.
•Fill tubing with fluid.
Sand Jet Perforation Process
•Begin pump abrasive fluid mixture
•Perforate casing
•Penetrate cement and rock
Sand Jet Perforation Process
• Move Tool
• Repeat Process
• Remove Tool
Sample Job Setup
• 7” Casing
Job Setup
• 10,000 foot depth Modeling
Software
• Tool running on 4 ½” drill pipe
• 6 jets in tool
• Run 4 sets of holes‐ 24 total holes
• 12 minutes per set‐ 48 minutes of total
pump time
• Casing hole size= ½” to ⅝”
• Perforation Tunnel‐ 2” inner diameter
• Sand‐ 20/40 silica sand, 6,000 pounds
• 120 pounds of gel (20 lb/thousand gel mix
or equivalent)
Track Record Samples (by TD oil tools and MARMOT oil tools)
Job Description
1 July 2009, Pozo Rico, México ‐ Perf & Frac in 5.5" casing. Tool conveyed on 1 1/4" Coiled Tubing. Shot 12 perfs each in
4 zones. Job successful. Customer reported less friction during frac than with conventional explosive perf.
2 July 2009, Northwest Alberta, Canada ‐ Used 1.90" ultra‐slim tool on Coiled Tubing to pass through 2 5/16" restriction
and perforate 4.5" casing. Perforated 2 zones successfully. Tools recovered without incident. Customer very pleased
3 December 2010, Pyt‐Yahk, Russia ‐ Multiple wells perforated using 1.90" Ultra‐Slim tools passing through 2.4"
restriction to perforate 4" and 5 3/4" casing at 3000 meter depth. Cut 33 perfs per well at a rate of 3 wells per month.
Customer very pleased.
4 September 2010, Southern Saskatchewan, Canada ‐ Standard size perforating tool conveyed on CT to perforate 4.5"
casing in horizontal wells. Protocol calls for 48 shots per well (3 jets X 16 sets) in horizontal zones. Customer very
pleased.
5 September 2011, North Africa‐ Well perforated using blade type standard size perforating tool in 4 ½” heavy wall
casing. Perforation depth was 4000 meters. Perfs confirmed with gamma ray log and followed by a successful
fracturing operation.
6 January 2012, Northwest India‐ Standard size perforating tool conveyed on 1 ¾” coil to a depth of 10,200’ in 7.0” heavy
wall casing. Five sets of perforations without further treatment complete a gas well that produces over 3,000 psi at
the well head.
Track Record Samples (by TD oil tools and MARMOT oil tools)
Job Description
7 March 2013, Texas, USA – One trip toe prep of horizontal well with 5.5" casing. BHA conveyed on 2 3/8” Coiled Tubing.
Performed clean out run with PDM and mill, then perforated 6 shots per foot at 60 degrees phasing, then restored
flow to PDM for final washout and circulation. Injection test confirmed communication with reservoir.
8 October 2013, Southeastern Kansas‐ Under‐ream producing zone in well with open hole completion in both 4.5” and
5.5” casing. Tool conveyed on 2 3/8” jointed tubing at a depth of 900 feet. Tool was rotated and moved vertically to
create a large void in the formation.
9 October 2013‐ Northeastern Pennsylvania‐ Run SJP tool on 2” coil to perforate casing for Diagnostic Fracture Injection
(DFIT) tests. Perforation depths from 12,500 TMD to 15,000 TMD in 5.5” casing. One test was run with friction
reducer only to carry the sand. Customer very pleased. FIT Assembly can be run to set plug and perforate in one trip.
10 January 2014‐ Southwestern Missouri‐ Run SJP tool on 2 3/8” production tubing to perforate shallow injection wells for
water flood. Eight wells perforated, many were two per day using the SandGun for abrasive injection. Recovery well is
currently pumping oil. Customer is very pleased.
11 December, 2015‐ East Texas‐ Run Tool in a gas well to a depth of 5,000 feet. Re‐perforate zone utilizing the SandGun
for abrasive injection. Well initially had good production, but only water for the last 3 years. After reperforation, well
has produced 5 bpd oil and 10mcf gas for the last 6 months. Customer pleased.
12 April 2016‐ Eastern India ‐ Perforate and Frac project in coal bed methane. 8 stages per well in tight coal seams. SJP
has ½ the breakdown pressure of conventional explosive perforators in the same formation. 10 wells completed to
date with excellent gas production. Customer very pleased. Project ongoing.
Published Papers
Multi Phase Flow Meter
Clamp On application
Clamp On MPFM
• Key Benefits
• Clamp on installation onto existing pipe
decreases implementation costs and
environmental risks
• Highly accurate ‐ ask us about our extensive
testing performed with our partners
• Because additional pipe installation is not
required, flow properties aren’t affected
• Does not require regular attention by staff
• Data retrieval through web based application
from your site
Principle of Operation
• Measuring the volume of a multiphase fluid consisting of oil, water and gas by
analysing vibro‐acoustic signals generated by multiphase fluid flowing through a
pipeline with a known size (cut).
• Amplitude and frequency of vibrations of the pipeline through which multiphase
fluid flows are measured and recorded.
• Measured frequency range is divided into parts corresponding to each phase. In
each of the parts after application of fast Fourier transformation, the maximum
amplitude and the corresponding frequency is isolated, and an amount of each
phase of a multiphase fluid per unit time (second) is calculated according to the
formula.
• The speed of each phase is calculated by the amplitude and frequency vibro‐
acoustic signals caused by uneven movement of multiphase fluid.
Installation
Wireless monitoring
Remote measurement
technology provided supported by:
Well Monitoring
Downhole Surface
Monitoring provided by INDERA
Rotating Engine
Pump
X‐Tree
Telemetry Schematic Overall
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Flow
• Vibration
• Stroke
• Voltage
• Current Email, WA,
Telegram, SMS
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Flow
• Vibration Web based
• Voltage
• Current
• Pressure
• Vibration
• Stroke
Wireless Sensor system
Internet
Wellsite Field Station
> 15 km
Field Hand held Monitoring
• Android/iOS base application.
• Checking condition of each sensor
• No need internet connection
+ • Directly access the sensor
Penggantian Master Valve menggunakan 2 RBP
Wellhead Assembly
MASTER VALVE/SWAB VALVE
Wellhead Assembly
Operasional
LUBRICATOR/RISER
.
Operasional
Setting Tool
RBP 3‐1/2”
3Ft
6 Ft
42”
42”
Operasional
RBP 1
RBP 1
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