CVE 372 HYDROMECHANICS

EXERCISE PROBLEMS

1. A pump that has the characteristic curve shown in the accompanying graph is to
be installed in the system shown. What will be the discharge of water in the system?
Take ν = 10-6 m2/s.
L = 15 m
D = 20 cm
f = 0.02

P
10 m
L = 285 m
D = 20 cm
5m f = 0.02

3m

DATUM

Pump Curve

30

25

20
H (m)

15

10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Q (l/s)

1
2. With a flow of 450 l/s of water, find the head loss and the division of flow in the
pipes from A to B. Take ν = 10-6 m2/s and ε = 0.1 mm for all pipes.

L = 1000 m
D = 35 cm
L = 600 m
D = 30 cm
L = 600 m
D = 60 cm

A C D B

L = 1200 m
L = 1000 m D = 75 cm
D = 40 cm

3. Assuming f = 0.020, determine the discharge in the pipes. Neglect minor losses.
Take ν = 10-6 m2/s.

50 m

5m

L = 3000 m
L = 1200 m
D = 25 cm
D = 20 cm
3m 0m
L = 2500 m
D = 30 cm

2
4. Assuming f = 0.020, determine the discharge in the pipes. Neglect minor losses.
Take QAB= 60 l/s for the first trial value. Stop iteration when |∆Q| < 3 l/s. Take ν=10-6
m2/s.

L = 150 m 250 l/s

D = 20 cm
200
l/ A B
L = 150 m
L = 100 m D = 20 cm
D = 15 cm

250 l/s
D L = 250 m C
200 l/s D = 10 cm

5. Three reservoirs are connected with smooth pipes at a junction point. It is known
that flow direction in pipe-2 is from reservoir B to the junction, and the discharge of
pipe-1 is equal to the discharge of pipe-2, Q1= Q2 . For pipe characteristics given in
the table below, compute the water surface elevation in reservoir C. (ν = 1.0 x 10-6
m2 /s )

zA = 372 m

Pipe D(m) L(m)

A
zB = 360
1 1 0.2 300
2 0.2 140
2 3 0.4 190
B
J

3
zC = ?

Ans.:zc=347.72 m

3
6. Assuming points B, C, D and E lie on the same plane (zB = zC = zD = zE),
determine the direction and magnitude of the discharge in each pipe in the
network shown in the figure. (Use at least two iterations)
Given:
K2 = 3, K3 = 5, K4 = 2 and K5 = 5
where K has been defined as: hf = Ans.
2 Q2=29.07 lt/s
zA= 180 m Q3=14.07 lt/s
Q4=40.93 lt/s
Q5=5.93 lt/s

Reservoir
15 lt/s
A C
[1]
[2] [3]
20 lt/s
B
E
[4] [5]
D
35 lt/s

7. Compute flow rate for the pipeline shown below. Also determine Hp values of
each pump in the system. Pump characteristic head- discharge curves for the
pumps are given in the table below. Use D = 0.25 m, L = 1000 m, assume that f =
0.02.

Q ( lt/s) 0 40 80 120 160 200

(Hp)1 (m) 50 48 45 39 30 18

(Hp)2 (m) 30 28 25 21 16 11

120 m

100 m

Ltotal = 1000 m
A D = 0.25 m
P1 P2
Ans.: Q=138 lt/s
Hp1=35 m
Hp2=18 m

4
8. A viscous oil with a specific gravity, SG=0.8 and a viscosity of 0.001 Pa.s flows
from tank A to tank B through the six rectangular slots indicated in figure. If the total
flowrate is 3 lt/s and minor losses are negligible, determine the pressure in tank A.
Assume hydraulically smooth flow.
Each slot
1cm x 1cm
Same

A B
6m
a
Section a-

a Ans.
PA=131 kPa

9. For H=30 m in the figure below,

a) Find the discharge through each pipe
b) What will be the equivalent length of a pipe having a diameter of 120 mm
with =0.0018m replaced instead of pipes 1 and 2 ?
Neglect minor losses, νwater=1x10-6 m2/s Pipe L(m) D(mm) (m)
1 6 50 0.0005
2 10 100 0.001
3 20 120 0.0018
1 H=30 m
3
A Ans.
2 B Q1=14.4 lt/s
Q2=63.28 lt/s
Q3=77 lt/s

10. For the system given in the figure, find the elevation of Reservoir D and the flow
direction in pipe 6. Neglect minor losses.
El 90 m El 60 m
El 80 m
El = ?
B
C
1 5
3 6 D
A P 2 4

Pipe L (m) D(mm) f Q1 = 0.35m3/s

1 600 600 0.025 Ans.
Hp = 8m Q2=350 lt/s
2 600 600 0.025
Q3=271 lt/s
3 600 450 0.03
Q4=621 lt/s
4 700 450 0.03 Q5=549 lt/s
5 300 450 0.03 Hp=34.72 m
6 300 600 0.03

5
11. Find the discharge in each link using the given initial distribution by making 2
iterations and pressure drop between points O and C if they have the same
elevation.
C

B D KBC=KCD=KAO=KOE
KAB=KDE
5 lt/min ? KOC=3KBC
KAB=2KBC
6 lt/min KOC=30 min2/dm5
5 5 lt/min

A E
7 lt/min
O
20

12. Two water reservoirs with a difference in elevation of 5m are connected by 800m
of commercial steel pipe. The roughness height of the pipe is 0.18 mm. What size
pipe must be used to convey 100 lt/s ? Neglect minor losses, νwater=1x10-6 m2/s .

Ans.
D=30 cm

13. A fluid of specific gravity 0.96 flows steadily in a long, vertical 2.5 cm diameter
pipe with an average velocity of 0.15 m/s.
a) If the pressure is constant throughout the fluid, what is the dynamic viscosity
of the fluid?
b) Determine the shear stress on the pipe wall.
( ρw = 1000 kg/m3, g = 9.81 m/s2)

D = 0.025 m

(1)
V = 0.15 m/s
SG = 0.96
L

(2)

6
14. A smooth plastic, 10-m long garden hose with inside diameter of 15 mm is used
to drain a pool as shown in the figure. Including both friction and minor losses,
determine the flowrate from the pool. (ν = 1 x 10-6 m2/s)

0.2 m

Kent=0.8
0.23 m

15. In the following pipe system, water discharge in pipe 1 is given as Q1=1.2 m3/s.
The upstream and downstream reservoir water surface elevations are known, and
they are zA=100 m, and zB=80 m, respectively. Relevant pipe data are provided in
the table below. Determine the diameter in pipe 3. Velocity head at the junction and
minor losses in the system will be neglected. (ν = 1 x 10-6 m2/s)

Pipe L (m) D (mm) ε (mm)

zA=100 1 5000 1200 3.6
2 6000 1800 3.6
3 18000 ? 4.4

(1)
Q1=1.2 m3/s zB=80 m

(2)
J (3)

7
16. The water surface elevations in the three reservoir system are shown in the
figure. In addition, the pipe data are provided in the table below. The discharge in
pipe AD is 100 lt/s. Use f = 0.02 for all pipes.
a) Determine the minor loss at the valve, hvalve, and minor loss coefficient, Kvalve.
(Note: Neglect all other minor losses.)
b) Draw the energy gradeline for the system.

100 m 100 m
Pipe L (m) D (mm)
AD 1000 300
BD 500 300
A B
DC 1500 400

QAD

D 75 m

valv

17. Water flows from the reservoir through a pipe as shown in the figure.

a) Calculate the discharge by assuming that flow is irrotational and inviscid.

b) Calculate the discharge and pump head by considering all the losses in
the system

30 m

L=50 m
D=20 cm
ks=0.02
cm
Kent=1 Kelbow=1.5

23 m

Kelbow=1.5

Knozzle=0.75

8
18. Water flows at a rate of 0.110 m3/s from a lake as shown in the figure below. The
pipe is 100 m long and the diameter of the pipe is 10 cm and the roughness height is
0.02 cm.
a) Is the device inside the building a pump or a turbine? Explain.
b) Determine the power of the device if the efficiency of the device is 86 %.

160 m

Power house

150 m

Pipe properties
D=10 cm
L=100 m
ε = 0.02 cm

19. The pump in the figure has the performance characteristics shown. The
mechanical energy loss in the piping and fittings in the suction and discharge
pumping is given by
V2
hL = K where V is the average fluid velocity in the pipe and K = 10. Find
2g
the flow rate through the pump and power supplied by the pump to the fluid.

D2=100 mm
D1=100 mm Q=?
Pump

15 m

60

45

HP (m) 30

15

0 9
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Q (m3/s)
20. In a chemical processing plant a liquid is pumped from an open tank through a
0.1-m-diameter vertical pipe into another open tank as shown in the figure below. A
valve is located in the pipe, and the minor loss coefficient for the valve as a function
of the valve setting is shown in the figure below. The pump head-capacity
relationship is given by the equation:

Hp = 52.0-1.01x103 Q2 with Hp in meters when Q is in m3/s.

Assume the friction factor f = 0.02 for the pipe, and all minor losses, except for the
valve, are negligible. The fluid levels in the two tanks can be assumed to remain
constant. Determine:
(a) the flowrate with the valve wide open.
(b) the required valve setting (percent open) to reduce the flowrate by 50 %.

3m

valve

30 m
D=0.10 m

40
35
30
25
20
KL

15
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
(Open) Percent valve setting (Closed 10