Technical Bulletin 1

Refrigerant Dehumidification
Technology
I NTRODUCTION enters the evaporator coil. (Point B Figures 1 and 3) Heat
transferred from the air and energy from water vapor
This technical bulletin will describe the refrigeration process condensing on the evaporator coil convert the refrigerant
used in a mechanical dehumidifier. In addition, it will describe completely to vapor. Desert Aire's TXV has a variable orifice
key design features of the major components. that regulates the amount of pressure drop across the valve.
This maintains temperature of vapor at 12°F (6°C) higher at
R EFRIGERANT PROCESS outlet of the evaporator than at the inlet of the evaporator
coil. This temperature difference is called superheat. (Line
The best way to understand what is happening in a refriger- CD, Figure 1)
ant-based dehumidifier is to keep in mind the impact pressure
has on the boiling point of a fluid, and that energy will migrate This superheated vapor now goes to the compressor, which
from hot to cold. acts as the other separating device between the high and
low-pressure sides. (Point D, Figures 1 and 3) As its name
It is common knowledge that it takes longer to boil an egg at implies, it compresses the refrigerant, thereby increasing the
5,000 feet (1,600 m) than it does at sea level. At higher pressure to between 200 psi and 270 psi. The refrigerant also
altitudes there is less pressure, which lowers the point at which acts as the compressor's cooling device, so the refrigerant
water boils. At 5,000 feet (1,600 m), water boils at 202°F, picks up additional heat during this step. The refrigerant is
(94°C) while at sea level it boils at 212°F (100°C). Refrigerant now a hot gas, typically above 130°F (55°C). (Point E,
behaves just like water in that the boiling point changes at Figures 1 and 3)
different pressures. Refer to Table 1 for examples of R22's
various boiling points. As the hot gas enters the condenser it is cooled by air or
water until it reaches its condensation point and is converted
Pressure Temp. Pressure Temp. Pressure Temp. to a liquid. It is at a high relative pressure, but the change of
(PSI) (°F) (PSI) (°F) (PSI) (°F) state (gas to liquid) gives up significant energy, thereby
cooling to a hot liquid near 90°F. The liquid refrigerant then
50 26 140 78 240 114
flows through a receiver until it is needed to repeat the cycle.
60 34 160 87 260 120
(Point F, Figures 1 and 3)
80 48 180 94 275 124
100 59 200 101 290 128
120 69 220 108 320 136
Liquid Only Liquid/Vapor Vapor Only
Table 1 - R22 Pressure/Temperature Relationships
Supercooling
Condenser
We will choose the starting point of the refrigeration cycle at
A F E
Pressure

the inlet of the thermal expansion valve (TXV). The TXV

TXV
creates a pressure drop across its internal orifice, which
Compressor
separates the dehumidifier's refrigerant system into two halves: Evaporator
D
high side and low side. (Point A, Figures 1 and 3) B C

Superheat
As the refrigerant leaves the TXV, it starts to boil because the
pressure is reduced to approximately 50 to 90 psi. The refrig- Enthalpy
erant is a mixture of cold saturated vapor and liquid as it Figure 1 - Refrigeration Process
D EHUMIDIFICATION COMPONENTS Evaporator Coil Design

The optimization of dehumidification in the refrigeration An evaporator must be designed to transfer the required energy.
process requires careful design and selection of the system’s Common variables used to design the evaporator include air
components. The design becomes more complicated when a volume, number of rows of tubes, and type and amount of
wide range of inlet conditions occur and multiple condensers fins per inch.
are used to allow year-round control.
An air conditioner will generally use three (3) or four (4) rows
Compressor with 400 cfm per ton (12,000 BTU's) to be removed. This
combination provides a high sensible-to-latent ratio, which is key
Desert Aire uses scroll technology in all of its units (except to the system achieving a high EER (energy efficiency ratio).
<2hp ) to provide the most favorable energy output for every
electrical input. In addition, its design reduces the number of A dehumidifier will use six (6) to eight (8) rows with a reduced
parts and provides long life. air volume of 200 cfm per ton. This provides a high MRE
(moisture removal efficiency) value. This becomes important in
Compressors put out a variable amount of energy depending high humidity applications such as pool facilities, industrial
on the pressure differential of the high and low sides. The plants and treatment of 100% outside air.
greater the differential, the harder the compressor must work
to overcome the difference and the less it can output. The second major impact is that the air conditioner type coil
Therefore, the designer must know the dynamics of the creates an approach temperature (the difference between
system before compressor performance can be determined. leaving air temperature across the coil and the actual refrigerant
Refer to Figure 2 for an example of the significant variance in temperature in the coil) of 12°F to 15°F (6°C to 7°C), while
compressor capacity at typical conditions. the dehumidifier design creates an 8°F to 10°F (4°C to 5°C)
approach. This is important in part-load situations where the
COLD 55% 100% leaving air temperature limits are 47°F for the A/C design and
40°F (5°C) for the dehumidifier before the coil starts to reach
Outside Ambient

32°F (0°C) and hot gas bypass would be required.

HOT 40% 75%

A
EXPANSION VALVE

LOW Internal Load HIGH B RECEIVER TANK

Figure 2 - Relative Compressor Capacity

EVAPORATOR F
COIL
A compressor is selected for the system to produce a given
output at one design point. For example, to cool and dehumidify COMPRESSOR

1000 cfm of air from 95°F db / 78°F wb to 55°F dewpoint, you

CONDENSER
need 82 MBH of energy. The compressor must provide this C COIL

amount with the high and low pressures balanced by the

evaporator and condenser coils.
D E
Figure 3 - Refrigerant flow
 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1
Refrigerant Dehumidification Technology

Location Pressure Temp. Description Hot Gas Reheat Condenser Design

(PSI) (°F)
All dehumidifiers contain a hot gas reheat (HGR) condenser
TXV discharge 50 to 90 26-54 Cold, saturated liquid + vapor
to avoid overcooling the space while dehumidifying. If the
Evap. discharge 50 to 90 38-66 Superheated vapor HGR condenser is to reject the total heat of rejection, then
Compr. discharge 200 to 270 >130 Hot gas extra air must be bypassed around the evaporator coil. This
Cond. discharge 200 to 270 90 Hot liquid increases the air volume and makes the leaving air temperature
100°F to 110°F (38°C to 43°C). In pool facilities, this air can
Table 2- R22 Typical Refrigerant Conditions
help maintain the 82°F to 86°F (28°C to 30°C) interior
temperature.
Condenser Design
For other applications no bypass air is allowed. A typical
The condenser or combination of condensers must be sized example is a 100% outside air unit where the entire air
for the total heat of rejection (THR) of the system. There are volume must be treated. In these types of units, the internal
three (3) types used: reheat, remote air-cooled and water- HGR coil must be partially sized and combined in series with
cooled. Remote Air-cooled condensers are placed outside the another condenser to reject all of the energy.
conditioned space to reject excess energy to the outdoors. A
water-cooled condenser would use pool water, cooling-tower There are two (2) basic designs when doing simultaneous
water or chilled water as the medium to reject the excess rejection: The first is to send the hot gas to the alternate
energy. These can be cost-effectively sized to optimize the condenser and then after it condenses, send the hot liquid to the
condensing pressure/temperature for minimum energy usage. reheat coil. This is known as liquid sub-cooling. The main
advantage of this technique is its ability to provide more
Air-cooled condensers must balance their physical size and stable leaving air temperatures in a range from 58°F to 85°F
air volume with a maximum condensing temperature. (14°C to 29°C). At given entering air conditions, the output
Generally, a maximum of 120°F (49°C) condensing temperature will balance at some temperature in the range and remain stable
is used to balance first cost with operating efficiency. and not be impacted by the variability in the alternate
condenser. The major drawback is that the hot liquid only has
Most systems are sized to achieve a 25°F (-3.9°C) differential enough energy to reheat the air at part-load situations to
which would require a maximum outside air design of 95°F between 50°F and 65°F (10°C and 18°C).
(35°C). When air temperatures go higher than 95°F, the
condensing coil must be designed with more surface area The second design is to send the hot gas to the reheat coil
because the difference between ambient and 120°F condensing first and then to the alternate condenser. Essentially, you are
temperature is smaller, yet the amount of energy to be rejected trying to get two coils to act as one. Since the system is
has not changed. using hot gas, it has significantly more energy to do more
re-heating even at part-load days. In its basic form, this system
Because dehumidifiers operate in many condensing modes, creates sharp drops in leaving air temperatures because of
there needs to be a method of controlling the pressure of the changes caused by the flooding valve used to maintain
these elements. Desert Aire uses flooding control, which system pressures. Like a toilet bowl, the condenser is slow
allows liquid refrigerant to back up into the condenser, thereby to fill, but fast to drain. An enhancement to this is to use a
reducing the effective surface area of the coil. modulating valve to control the amount of hot gas to the HGR
condenser. Through a temperature sensor downstream, the
The colder the air or water entering a condenser, the less coil valve can maintain precise leaving air temperature.
surface is required; conversely, the hotter the air or water, the
more surface is required to maintain the desired pressure.
This flooding control allows a dehumidifier to reject energy to
an outdoor condenser in a range from 0°F to 95°F (-18°C to
35°C) and water temperature from 45°F to 105°F (7°C to 40°C).
Receivers H OT GAS DEFROST

A receiver is just a storage vessel for liquid refrigerant. Since Hot gas defrost is used to intentionally freeze the evaporator
most dehumidifiers use several condensers, each with a coil and then defrost the ice and remove it from the system as
variable requirement for refrigerant, there must be a place to water. Such a system measures the internal refrigerant
store the liquid not in circulation. In addition, many dehumidifiers temperatures and only defrosts on demand for a short
use outdoor condensers that may need to operate over a wide duration. The drawback is that this technique does not
range of ambient temperatures, causing a significant change dehumidify during the defrost cycle, and can therefore only be
in the volume of liquid refrigerant required to operate. applied on re-circulation systems such as ice rinks.
A dehumidifier without a receiver must be limited in its
operational range or else experience many problems in C ONCLUSION
controlling moisture removal.
Dehumidifiers operate in many modes of operation in order to
H OT GAS BYPASS insure continuous moisture removal. To achieve this, the
system’s design incorporates many different critically sized
Hot gas bypass is a technique used to prevent a coil from components that must function seamlessly. Each mode can
freezing up at low load conditions. As a system reaches its be explained by understanding how each refrigerant process
minimum approach temperature, the refrigerant temperature moves along the pressure-enthalpy diagram of R22 shown in
drops below 32°F (0°C) and any water vapor in the air passing Figure 1.
over the coil will freeze.

By installing a small feeder tube from the discharge side of

the compressor to the coil's inlet header, a small amount of
hot gas can be metered into the coil to raise the refrigerant's
temperature above the freezing point. This creates a false
load on the system and reduces the efficiency of the system
since part of the electrical energy used to run the compressor
is short-circuited to create the load. However, this small elec-
trical cost can save a major compressor failure should the coil
continue to freeze up and starve the compressor into failure.

8300 West Sleske Court

Milwaukee, WI 53223
(414) 357-7400
FAX: (414) 357-8501
www.desert-aire.com
101 10/02
 Technical Bulletin 2

Basic Dehumidification
Refrigeration Flow Diagrams
I NTRODUCTION

This technical bulletin will show how a refrigerant type dehumidi- refrigerant. This cool air now passes over the hot condenser coil
fier recovers the heat from the water vapor and disperses the and is reheated. Thus the air temperature leaving the dehumidifi-
energy to different heat sinks. A detailed explanation of each er is higher than the air entering. The exact temperature differen-
component can be found in Desert Aire’s Technical Bulletin # 1. tial is a function of how much latent energy (moisture) was pre-
sent in the room and the run time of the compressor which also
H EAT SINKS generates heat as a by-product. This method is also known as air
to air exchange.
Refrigerant type dehumidifiers are a closed loop system which
effectively transfers both latent and sensible heat from an indoor Figure 2
environment to variety of alternate heat sinks. The key point to Remote Ready (RR) Model With Remote Condenser Off
in Reheat Mode
understand is that the refrigerant which gained the energy must
dissipate the energy or the system will shut down because the
DESERT AIRE DEHUMIDIFIER (Remote Ready)
internal pressure would be too high. The most common heat
sinks are listed here, along with a short description about how
they remove energy.
DRY,
WARMER
AIR HUMID
REHEAT - A reheat or condenser coil is present in all DESERT OUT AIR AT
ROOM
AIRE dehumidifiers and is the most common heat transfer TEMP. IN

method. The actual heat sink is the air from the evaporator coil
which has been cooled down when it released its energy to the

Figure 1
Standard Model in Reheat Mode
INDOORS

DESERT AIRE DEHUMIDIFIER (Standard)

OUTDOORS

REMOTE CONDENSER
DRY,
WARMER
AIR
HUMID
OUT
AIR AT
ROOM
TEMP. IN

Remote Condenser is
inoperative when unit is
not in cooling mode.
WATER HEATER COIL - In this method, an additional compo- REMOTE CONDENSER - In this situation, all other heat sinks
nent is added between the compressor and the reheat coil. This for recovery of heat have been exhausted. In order for the dehu-
component is generally a tube in tube heat exchanger which midifier to continue working, an additional heat sink must be
allows water to absorb the heat from the hot refrigerant. A divert- added. This becomes similar to a standard air conditioner by
ing valve controls whether the refrigerant goes to the air reheat adding a condenser outside of the conditioned space. When all
coil or the water heater coil. The application will dictate which other heat sinks are at a proper condition, then a valve diverts the
heat sink has priority. hot refrigerant outside where the remote condenser dissipates the
heat to the surrounding environment. This condenser must be
There are several different water sources of heat sink. Examples sized to the dehumidifier to insure proper charging and operation.
are listed below:
• Pool water When the remote condenser is utilized, the cool air from the
• Spa water evaporator coil does not get reheated. The air leaving the dehu-
• Potable water midifier is cooler than the entering air. The total air conditioning
• Cooling tower water capability is a function of the latent and sensible load in the
• Hydronic heat water room.
• Industrial process water

The actual water heater coil is selected to be compatible with the

water used. For example: copper, cupronickel, or stainless steel. Figure 4
Water Heating Model With Remote Condenser
in Reheat Mode.
Figure 3
Water Heating Standard Model
in Reheat Mode.

DRY,
WARM
AIR
OUT
HUMID
AIR
ROOM
TEMP. IN
DRY,
WARM
AIR
HUMID OUT
AIR
ROOM
TEMP. IN

DESERT AIRE DEHUMIDIFIER

(Remote Ready Water Cooled)

INDOORS

DESERT AIRE DEHUMIDIFIER

(Standard Model, Water Cooled) WATER IN OUTDOORS
FROM POOL POOL
PUMP Remote Condenser is inoperative
FILTER when dehumidifier is not in
cooling mode.

PUMP

POOL
FILTER

HEATED
WATER IN WATER OUT
FROM POOL TO POOL WATER, (NO APPRECIABLE REMOTE CONDENSER
TEMP. GAIN) OUT
 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2
Basic Dehumidification Refrigeration Flow Diagrams

SYSTEM DESIGN - In designing a dehumidifier, there are sev- Proper installation of the dehumidifier into the total HVAC/R sys-
eral key specifications which must be considered. tem takes careful planning. All of the heat available from the
dehumidification process is derived from the compressor and the
First, how much moisture must be removed from the room? This conversion of latent energy through refrigeration technology. The
is generally calculated in pounds per hour of water. Every appli- design engineer must make the decision whether the latent load
cation can have several sources of moisture such as open water will always be present. With a seasonally fluctuating load or
vessels, infiltration or processes. All of these sources must be maintenance condition, such as drainage of an indoor pool, sup-
considered as well as what design condition is acceptable. With plemental heaters must be added to compensate for the lack of
this information a dehumidifier size can be selected. Refer to heat from dehumidification. If room temperature is critical the
other DESERT AIRE application notes for assistance in the sizing supplemental heat source must be sized to handle the total heat-
procedure. ing requirements.
Once a size is selected, then a decision on what heat sinks are Another factor requiring attention is condensate from the dehu-
available must be made. Will the room handle the extra heat midifier. Some local codes state that condensate be plumbed to a
load? Is a water supply available? Answers to the heat sink ques- drain. The dehumidifier employs a gravity drainage system. An
tion will then dictate whether an air cooled or water cooled unit is unpressurized drain connection or a condensate pump must then
selected and if a remote condenser is required. be added.

Figure 6
Water Heating Model With Remote Condenser
in Water Heating Mode.
Figure 5
Water Heating Standard Model
in Water Heating Mode.

DRY,
COOLER
AIR
OUT
HUMID
AIR
ROOM
TEMP. IN
DRY,
COOLER
AIR
HUMID OUT
AIR
ROOM
TEMP. IN

DESERT AIRE DEHUMIDIFIER

(Remote Ready Water Cooled)

INDOORS

DESERT AIRE DEHUMIDIFIER

WATER IN OUTDOORS
(Standard Model, Water Cooled)
FROM POOL POOL
PUMP Remote Condenser is inoperative
FILTER when dehumidifier is not in
cooling mode.

PUMP

POOL
FILTER

WATER IN HEATED
FROM POOL WATER OUT
TO POOL
WARM WATER OUT REMOTE CONDENSER
TO POOL
 Figure 7 Figure 8
Remote Ready (RR) Model With Remote Condenser Water Heating Model With Remote Condenser
in Room Cooling Mode. in Room Cooling Mode.

DESERT AIRE DEHUMIDIFIER (Remote Ready)

DRY,
COOL
DRY, AIR
COOL HUMID
OUT
AIR HUMID AIR
OUT AIR AT
ROOM
TEMP. IN
ROOM
TEMP. IN

DESERT AIRE DEHUMIDIFIER

(Remote Ready Water Cooled)

INDOORS

INDOORS WATER IN OUTDOORS

FROM POOL POOL
FILTER PUMP

OUTDOORS

REMOTE CONDENSER

OUTSIDE
AIR
TEMP.
IN

WARMER
AIR
OUTSIDE OUT
AIR
TEMP. IN
WARMER
AIR
OUT WATER, (NO APPRECIABLE REMOTE CONDENSER
TEMP. GAIN) OUT

8300 West Sleske Court

Milwaukee, WI 53223
(414) 357-7400
FAX: (414) 357-8501
www.desert-aire.com
102 3/96
 Technical Bulletin 3

Dehumidification and the

Psychrometric Chart
I NTRODUCTION R ELATIVE HUMIDITY
The psychrometric chart has been well documented in a wide Relative humidity is a misapplied term. It is often used in
variety of technical textbooks and journals. This technical place of absolute humidity. The key is the word “relative.” To
bulletin will not attempt to cover the chart in detail, but, will understand this concept, a law of nature must be Reviewed.
highlight those features of the chart which apply to refrigerant Air is a compressible fluid and its volume is represented by
type dehumidification applications. It will define the terms the following equation:
which form the nucleus of properly applying a dehumidifier.
v = K(T/P)

T HE CHART V = Volume
T = Temperature
Figure 1 shows a typical psychrometric chart. Dry Bulb P = Pressure
temperatures are shown on the chart as vertical lines. K = Constant

49
14.5 CU. FT.
The horizontal lines represent Dew Point temperatures. Lines

48
85 90 95 100 105
representing Wet Bulb temperatures are the straight diagonal 180

47
46

lines sloping downward from left to right. The curve forming 170
45

the top edge of the chart is called the “saturation curve.”

44
43

160
Air in a condition that falls on any point along this curve is
B)

80
42
/L
TU

totally saturated with moisture. Any additional moisture

41

150
(B
40
N
TIO

added could not be absorbed and would remain in a liquid

39
RA

140

Dry Bulb Temperatures

TU
38

state as condensation. The sweeping curved lines that

SA

75
37
AT

130
follow the saturation curve are relative humidity lines
PY
36
AL
TH

35

expressed as percentages. These lines represent the 120

EN
34

degree of volume displaced by moisture with respect to the

RH
33

70

%
90

110

GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

32

total air volume.

RH
31

%
80

100
30

RH
%
29

65

70

We 90
tB
28
26

RH

ulb
%
27

60
25

Te
mp 80
24

60

it
RH era
y

0%
23

e id
5 tur
rv m es 70
22

Cu55 Hu RH
21

n e 40
%

ti o ti v
18

60
20

a la
u5r0 Re
17

Figure 1 at
19

S RH
16

% 50
30
15

45
14
12

40
40 RH
11

13

20%
10

12

35 30
9

30
8

25 H
10% R 20
7

Dew Point Temperatures

10

0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

12.5 CU. FT. 13.0 CU. FT. DRY BULB °F 13.5 CU. FT. 14.0 CU. FT.
As the air temperature increases, its total volume increases This is important to understand because water damage
and decreases on reduction of temperature. Pressure has the occurs at an absolute humidity concentration regardless of its
opposite effect. As pressure increases volume decreases. relative humidity. This is known as the constant Dew Point
Temperature.
Water, however, is not compressible. Therefore given a
specific amount, it will always occupy the same amount of S ENSIBLE AND LATENT HEATING AND COOLING
volume.
There are four types of energy changes when heat of moisture
Figure 2 illustrates how this applies to the psychrometric is added or removed. Sensible heat occurs when heat is added
chart. As moisture laden air is heated or cooled the air volume without the addition or reduction of moisture. Sensible cooling
changes but the moisture does not. Thus there is a change in is the reverse. Latent heat, also known as humidification, is the
relative humidity, without a change in actual water content. addition of moisture without changing the dry bulb temperature.
Latent cooling or dehumidification is the removal of moisture.
Figure 3 shows how these are displayed on the chart.

49
14.5 CU. FT.

48
92°F 85 90 95 100 105
180

47
70°F 78°F
46 170
45
44
43

160
B)

80
42
/L
TU
41

150
(B
40
N
TIO
39

80% RH
RA

140

60% RH
TU
38

40% RH
SA

75
37
AT

130
PY
36
AL
TH

35

120
EN
34

80
RH
33

70

%
90

110

GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

32

60
RH
31

%
80

100
30

RH
%

88 GR.
29

65

70

90
28
26

RH

70°F 78°F 92°F

%
27

60
25

80
24

60

RH
%
23

50
Figure 2 70
22

%
55
RH
40
21

%
40
18

60
20
17

50
19

RH
16

% 50
30
15

45
14
12

40
40 RH
11

13

20%
10

12

35 30
9

30
8

25 H
10% R 20
7

10

0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

12.5 CU. FT. 13.0 CU. FT. DRY BULB °F 13.5 CU. FT. 14.0 CU. FT.
 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 3
Dehumidification and the Psychrometric Chart

Rarely will these occur as shown but will rather be a mixture of By obtaining the starting and finishing grains per pound, the
them. A refrigerant dehumidification system is a combination of amount of moisture to be removed can be calculated. The
sensible and latent cooling and sensible heating. First the amount of moisture to be removed is the difference between
system cools the air to reduce the dry bulb temperature to the these two values known as ΔGR.
dew point. Then latent cooling reduces the absolute humidity
and finally the air is reheated increasing its dry bulb temperature. Figure 5 shows how a dehumidification system was sized.
Figure 4 graphs this process. The ambient design was 91°F dry bulb and 78°F wet bulb. The
desired indoor value was 80°F dry bulb and 50% relative
D EHUMIDIFIER SIZING humidity. The outside ambient has a moisture content of
124 grains and the indoor design has 78 grains. Thus the
To properly apply a dehumidification system, the amount required moisture removal rate is 124-78 = 46 grains per
of moisture to be removed must be calculated. For most pound of dry air.
applications the only information available is the dry bulb and
relative humidity or dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures. The
psychrometric chart is used to plot these two values by finding
their intersection and then following the horizontal line to the
right to determine the moisture content in grains per pound.

49
14.5 CU. FT.

48
85 90 95 100 105
180

47
46 170
45
44
43

160
B)

80
42
/L
TU
41

150
(B
40
N
TIO

Figure 3
39
RA

140
TU
38
SA

C
75
37
AT

130

A. Sensible Heating
PY
36
AL
TH

35

B. Sensible Cooling 120

EN
34

B A
RH

C. Humidification
33

70

%
90

110

GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

32

D. Dehumidification
RH
31

%
80

100
30

RH
%
29

65

70

90
28
26

RH

D
%
27

60
25

80
24

60

RH
%
23

50
70
22

55
RH
21

%
40
18

60
20
17

50
19

RH
16

% 50
30
15

45
14
12

40
40 RH
11

13

20%
10

12

35 30
9

30
8

25 H
10% R 20
7

10

0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

12.5 CU. FT. 13.0 CU. FT. DRY BULB °F 13.5 CU. FT. 14.0 CU. FT.
Figure 4

49
14.5 CU. FT.

48
85 90 95 100 105
180

47
46
170

QT = Total Cooling A-B

45
44
43
160

QS = Sensible Cooling C-B

B)

80
42
/L
TU
41
150

(B
QL = Latent Cooling A-C

40
N
IO
AT

39
140

UR
WA = Specific Humidity A (room air)

38
T
SA

75
37
AT
130

PY
WB = Specific Humidity C (supply air)

36
AL
TH
QL

35
120

EN
ΔT

34
= Total Temperature Rise B-D

RH
33

70

%
90
110

QT

GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

32
ΔGR = WA-WB

RH
A Entering Air WA

31

%
80
100

30

RH
%
29

65

70
QS
90

28
26

RH
%
27

60
25
80 GR

24

60
RH
%

23
50
70

22
55
RH D

21
%
40
18

60

20
B C Reheated WB
17

50

19 Leaving RH Air (Supply)

16

% 50
30
Evaporator
15

45
Coil
14
12

40
40 RH
11

13

20%
10

12

35 30
9

30
8

25
10% RH 20
7

10

0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

12.5 CU. FT. 13.0 CU. FT. DRY BULB °F 13.5 CU. FT. 14.0 CU. FT.
T

49
14.5 CU. FT.

48
85 90 95 100 105
180
47

Figure 5
46

170
45
44
43

160
B)

80
42
/L

LBS/HR = 4.5 x CFM x GR

TU
41

150
(B
40
N
TIO

7000
39
RA

140
TU
38
SA

75
37
AT

130
PY

91°F DB/78°F WB WA
36
AL
TH

4.5 = Constant
35

120
EN
34

RH
33

70

CFM = Total Air Volume

%
90

110

GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

32

RH

ΔGR
31

ΔGR
80

= WA-WB 100
30

RH
%
29

65

70

7000 = 7000 GR/LB Air

90
28
26

RH
%
27

60
25

%
50 80
24

60

H
%
R 80°F DB WB
50
23

70
22

55
RH
21

%
40
18

60
20
17

50
19

RH
16

0% 50
3
15

45
14
12

40
40 RH
11

13

20%
10

12

35 30
9

30
8

25
10% RH 20
7

10

0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

12.5 CU. FT. 13.0 CU. FT. DRY BULB °F 13.5 CU. FT. 14.0 CU. FT.

8300 West Sleske Court

Milwaukee, WI 53223
(414) 357-7400
FAX: (414) 357-8501

103 09/97