PR1 Midterm 1 PDF

1 | Baugbog
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

University of Bohol
Tagbilaran City
October 12-23,
SUBJECT Practical Research 1 DATES COVERED
2020
GRADE
11 QUARTER First
LEVEL
MIDTERM - MODULE 3
LESSON 3 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH

CONTENT (1) the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research (2) the
STANDARD importance of quantitative research across fields (3) the nature of variables
PERFORMANCE Decide on suitable quantitative research in different areas of interest
STANDARD
ESSENTIAL TOPICS  Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses and Kinds of Quantitative Research
 Importance of Quantitative Research Across Fields
 Variables
ESSENTIAL  Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
COMPETENCY research
 Illustrates the importance of quantitative research across fields
 Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses
Performance Task Goal: Identify a specific topic within a larger issue that interest you the most.
Role: Junior Researcher
Audience: Research and planning manager
Situation: You were hired as a junior researcher of the local government unit where you currently
live. As a junior researcher, you are expected to present a research proposal to the Research and
planning manager at the end of the month. You know that the first step in doing research is to identify
specific problem that needs an in-depth investigation to be able to find a solution that will help
improve the quality of life of the people in your town.
Product/Performance: Writes a research title.
Standards:
Indicators 4 3 2 1
Feasibility of the The topic is not too Topic is a little bit Topic is broad or Topic is too broad
topic broad nor too narrow; broad or narrow narrow but or too narrow or
information can be but manageable feasible in the the information is
collected from the and feasible in the locality. unavailable
chosen locality. locality chosen
Contextualization research topic is aligned research topic is research topic is research topic is
with the vision and within the context slightly focused far from the
mission of the locality of of the locality of on the context of context of the
the student researchers the student the locality of the locality of the
researchers student student
researchers researchers
Connection to Issue where the topic Issue where the Issue where the Issue where the
Course/Strand was developed from is topic was topic was topic was
very much related to the developed from is developed from is developed from is
course/strand of the related to the slightly related to not related to the
student researchers and course/strand of the course/strand course/strand of
will greatly impact the the student of the student the student
area of specialization researchers researchers researchers
Format of 10 or less number of Less than 15 Less than 15 More than 15
written research substantive words of the substantive words substantive words substantive words
title research title; variables, of the research of the research of the research
population and title; variables, title; variables and title; variables and
methodology population and population population
implied/included methodology implied/included implied/included
implied/included
UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: A vibrant University High School nurturing lives for a great future. Fulfilling pre -university experiences. SY 2020-2021
IGH SCHOOL: A vibrant University High School nurturing lives for a great future. Fulfilling pre-university experiences. SY 2019-2020
2 | Baugbog
Time Submitted before Submitted on Submitted October Submitted later

October 9, 2020 October 9, 2020 12, 2020 than October 12,
2020
PRE – TESTING HOW MUCH I KNOW
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE USING THE FOLLOWING GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Describe the quantitative method of research.

2. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?
3. Give the 2 main types of quantitative research and explain each.
4. Cite at least 3 things that must be considered when reporting results of a quantitative study?
5. What are the four types of quantitative research approach? Describe each.
6. What is a variable? Enumerate the types of variables used in a quantitative research.
7. What makes quantitative research important to the society?
STUDENT READINGS and CONCEPT BUILDING
READING LINK:
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative#:~:text=Definition,statistical%20data%20us
ing%20computational%20techniques.
READING LINK: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Strengths-and-Weaknesses-of-

Quantitative-and-Qualitative-Approaches_tbl1_253197405
DEFINITION: Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical,

mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and
surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques.
Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of
people or to explain a particular phenomenon.
(Babbie, Earl R. The Practice of Social Research . 12th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage, 2010;
Muijs, Daniel. Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS . 2nd edition. London: SAGE
Publications, 2010.)
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH:
Your goal in conducting quantitative research study is to determine the relationship between
one thing (an independent variable) and another [a dependent or outcome variable] within a
population. Quantitative research designs are either descriptive [subjects usually measured
once] or experimental [subjects measured before and after a treatment]. A descr iptive study
establishes only associations between variables; an experimental study establishes causality.
Quantitative research deals in numbers, logic, and an objective stance . Quantitative research
focuses on numeric and unchanging data and detailed, convergent reasoning rather than
divergent reasoning [i.e., the generation of a variety of ideas about a research problem in a
spontaneous, free-flowing manner].
3 | Baugbog
Its main characteristics are:
 The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments .

 The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the population.
 The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high reliability.
 Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers ar e sought.
 All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected.
 Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non -textual
forms.
 Project can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or investigate causal
relationships.
 Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to collect numerical data.
The overarching aim of a quantitative research study is to classify features, count them, and construct statistical
models in an attempt to explain what is observed.
Figure 1 A comparison of the strengths and weakness of Qualitative and Quantitative

Research
4 | Baugbog
Reading Link: https://www.le.ac.uk/oerresources/lill/fdmvco/module9/page_45.htm
Importance of Quantitative Research

1. More reliable and objective
2. Can use statistics to generalize a finding
3. Often reduces and restructures a complex problem to a limited number of variables
4. Looks at relationships between variables and can establish cause and effect in highly controlled
circumstances
5. Tests theories or hypotheses
6. Assumes sample is representative of the population
7. Subjectivity of researcher in methodology is recognized less
8. Less detailed than qualitative data and may miss a desired response from the participant
Reading Link: https://www.wssu.edu/about/offices-and-departments/office-of-sponsored-programs/pre-

award/_Files/documents/develop-quantitative.pdf
What are the main types of quantitative approaches to research?
It is easier to understand the different types of quantitative research designs if you consider how the researcher
designs for control of the variables in the investigation. If the researcher views quantitative design as a continuum,
one end of the range represents a design where the variables are not controlled at all and only observed.
Connections amongst variable are only described. At the other end of the spectrum, however, are designs which
include a very close control of variables, and relationships amongst those variables are clearly established. In the
middle, with experiment design moving from one type to the other, is a range which blends those two extremes
together.
There are four main types of Quantitative research: Descriptive, Correlational, Causal-Comparative/Quasi-
Experimental, and Experimental Research.
Descriptive research Correlational research Causal- Experimental research,

seeks to describe the attempts to determine the comparative/quasi- often called true
current status of an extent of a relationship experimental research experimentation, uses the
identified variable. These between two or more attempts to establish scientific method to
research projects are variables using statistical cause-effect relationships establish the cause-effect
designed to provide data. In this type of design, among the variables. relationship among a
systematic information relationships between and These types of design are group of variables that
about a phenomenon. The among a number of facts very similar to true make up a study. The true
researcher does not are sought and experiments, but with experiment is often
usually begin with a interpreted. This type of some key differences. An thought of as a laboratory
hypothesis, but is likely to research will recognize independent variable is study, but this is not
develop one after trends and patterns in identified but not always the case; a
collecting data. The data, but it does not go so manipulated by the laboratory setting has
analysis and synthesis of far in its analysis to prove experimenter, and effects nothing to do with it. A
the data provide the test causes for these observed of the independent true experiment is any
of the hypothesis. patterns. Cause and effect variable on the dependent study where an effort is
Systematic collection of is not the basis of this variable are measured. made to identify and
information requires type of observational The researcher does not impose control over all
careful selection of the research. The data, randomly assign groups other variables except
units studied and careful relationships, and and must use ones that one. An independent
measurement of each distributions of variables are naturally formed or variable is manipulated to
variable. are studied only. Variables pre-existing groups. determine the effects on
are not manipulated; they Identified control groups the dependent variables.
Examples of Descriptive are only identified and are exposed to the treatment Subjects are randomly
Research: studied as they occur in a variable are studied and assigned to experimental
• A description of how natural setting. compared to groups who treatments rather than
second-grade students are not. When analyses
5 | Baugbog
spend their time during *Sometimes correlational and conclusions are made, identified in naturally
summer vacation research is considered a determining causes must occurring groups
• A description of the type of descriptive be done carefully, as other
tobacco use habits of research, and not as its variables, both known and Examples of Experimental
teenagers own type of research, as unknown, could still affect Research:
• A description of how no variables are the outcome. A causal- • The effect of a new
parents feel about the manipulated in the study. comparative designed treatment plan on breast
twelvemonth school year study, described in a New cancer
• A description of the Examples of Correlational York Times article, "The • The effect of positive
attitudes of scientists Research: Case for $320,00 reinforcement on attitude
regarding global warming • The relationship between Kindergarten Teachers," toward school
• A description of the kinds intelligence and self- illustrates how causation • The effect of teaching
of physical activities that esteem must be thoroughly with a cooperative group
typically occur in nursing • The relationship between assessed before firm strategy or a traditional
homes, and how diet and anxiety relationships amongst lecture approach on
frequently each occurs • The relationship between variables can be made. students’ achievement
• A description of the an aptitude test and • The effect of a
extent to which success in an algebra Examples of Correlational systematic preparation
elementary teachers use course Research: and support system on
math manipulatives. • The relationship between • The effect of preschool children who were
ACT scores and the attendance on social scheduled for surgery on
freshman grades maturity at the end of the the amount of
• The relationships first grade psychological upset and
between the types of • The effect of taking cooperation
activities used in math multivitamins on a • A comparison of the
classrooms and student students’ school effect of personalized
achievement absenteeism instruction vs. traditional
• The covariance of • The effect of gender on instruction on
smoking and lung disease. algebra achievement computational skill.
• The effect of part-time
employment on the
achievement of high
school students
• The effect of magnet
school participation on
student attitude
• The effect of age on lung
capacity.
Reading Link: https://sciencing.com/meaning-variables-research-6164255.html
What is the meaning of VARIABLES in research?

In scientific research, scientists, technicians and researchers utilize a variety of methods and variables when
conducting their experiments. In simple terms, a variable represents a measurable attribute that changes or varies
across the experiment whether comparing results between multiple groups, multiple people or even when using a
single person in an experiment conducted over time. In all, there are six common variable types.
Variables represents the measurable traits that can change over the course of a scientific experiment. In all there
are six basic variable types: dependent, independent, intervening, moderator, controlled and extraneous variables.
INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES
6 | Baugbog
In general, experiments purposefully change one variable, which is the independent variable. But a variable that
changes in direct response to the independent variable is the dependent variable. Say there’s an experiment to
test whether changing the position of an ice cube affects its ability to melt. The change in an ice cube's position
represents the independent variable. The result of whether the ice cube melts or not is the dependent variable.
INTERVENING AND MODERATOR VARIABLES
Intervening variables link the independent and dependent variables, but as abstract processes, they are not
directly observable during the experiment. For example, if studying the use of a specific teaching technique for its
effectiveness, the technique represents the independent variable, while the completion of the technique's
objectives by the study participants represents the dependent variable, while the actual processes used internally
by the students to learn the subject matter represents the intervening variables.
By modifying the effect of the intervening variables -- the unseen processes -- moderator variables influence the
relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Researchers measure moderator variables and
take them into consideration during the experiment.
CONSTANT OR CONTROLLABLE VARIABLE
Sometimes certain characteristics of the objects under scrutiny are deliberately left unchanged. These are known
as constant or controlled variables. In the ice cube experiment, one constant or controllable variable could be the
size and shape of the cube. By keeping the ice cubes' sizes and shapes the same, it's easier to measure the
differences between the cubes as they melt after shifting their positions, as they all started out as the same size.
EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES
A well-designed experiment eliminates as many unmeasured extraneous variables as possible. This makes it
easier to observe the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. These extraneous variables,
also known as unforeseen factors, can affect the interpretation of experimental results. Lurking variables, as a
subset of extraneous variables represent the unforeseen factors in the experiment.
(Note: in the context of our subject, the most important types of variables that we will always deal with is the
DEPENDENT and INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.)
CLASS WORK and FORMATIVE
ACTIVITY # 1. A. From the given list below, which is not a characteristic of quantitative research?
Put a  on the space before the item.
___A Structured research instrument is used to gather data

___ Data is collected after carefully designing all aspects of the study
___Researcher generates theory after data is collected
___Can be descriptive or experimental
___Examines the breadth and depth of a phenomena to learn more about them
___data are organized into themes
___Data are analyzed through the use of statistical tools
___informal narrative report
___ Can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future or investigate relationships
___ subjective
___ Exploratory
7 | Baugbog
B. Give a situation/scenario that will show the importance of quantitative research.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
ACTIVITY # 2
A. Watch a video on YouTube about “How to develop a strong research question| Scribbr” by Jessica Lui
(https://youtu.be/71-GucBaM8U ). Write down notes on the five steps to develop a strong research question, a checklist
of what makes a good research question and one research title you have written following the guide given in the video.
Take a picture of these notes and send it to Teacher’s inbox.
B. Open the link below. This will direct you to a quiz on Independent vs dependent variable quiz. Take the quiz
by clicking the start icon. When done, screenshot your score then email it to your teacher.
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=independent-vs-dependent-variables
ASSESSING CONTENT
Topical Summative Test
I. Instruction: Identify the kind of quantitative researched used. Put your answer on the space
provided.
1. The relationship between intelligence and self-esteem ____________________
2. The effect of a new treatment plan on breast cancer _____________________
3. A description of the kinds of physical activities that typically occur in nursing homes, and
how frequently each occurs ______________________
4. The effect of taking multivitamins on a students’ school absenteeism ______________
5. The effect of a systematic preparation and support system on children who were
scheduled for surgery on the amount of psychological upset and cooperation
____________________
6. The covariance of smoking and lung disease _____________________
8 | Baugbog
II. Instruction: Identify the variables (dependent and independent) given in each research topic below. Write your
answer on the space provided.
1. A research study on the effect of the pellets feed to prawn cultured in a pond to their (prawn) survival rate
2. A research study on the job satisfaction of staff nurses in government and private hospitals in Tagbilaran
City
3. A research study on the relationship between social media usage and reading comprehension.
III. Instruction: On the space before each item, write LIKE if the statement is true about quantitative research;
otherwise, underline the word/phrase that makes it false.
______1. Data is numerical in nature

______2. Results can be generalized and used to determine causality of events
______3. Data are collected through interviews.
______4. A theory is identified after the data is collected
______5. Highly subjective
______6. Data is analyzed through the use of statistical tools
IV. Instruction: Evaluate the research problem below. Explain how the importance of quantitative research approach
is being shown.
Due to COVID-19 pandemic, many lost their jobs. This has led to more people suffering from depression and
anxiety. A research is conducted to describe the emotional aspect of the population of Tagbilaran City. A
sample of 1000 employees from private companies are surveyed using a standardized instrument for self-
reported indication of anxiety.
ASSESSING PERFORMANCE
Performance Task with RUBRIC
Goal: Identify a specific topic within a larger issue that interest you the most.
Role: Junior Researcher
Audience: Research and planning manager
Situation: You were hired as a junior researcher of the local government unit where you currently live. As a junior
researcher, you are expected to present a research proposal to the Research and planning manager at the end of the
month. You know that the first step in doing research is to identify specific problem that needs an in-depth
investigation to be able to find a solution that will help improve the quality of life of the people in your town.
Product/Performance: Writes a research title.
Standards:
Indicators 4 3 2 1
Feasibility of the The topic is not too Topic is a little bit Topic is broad or Topic is too broad
topic broad nor too broad or narrow narrow but or too narrow or
narrow; information but manageable feasible in the the information is
can be collected and feasible in locality. unavailable
UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: A vibrant University High School nurturing lives for a great future. Fulfilling pre-university experiences. SY 2020-2021
9 | Baugbog
from the chosen the locality

locality. chosen
Contextualization research topic is research topic is research topic is research topic is
aligned with the within the context slightly focused far from the
vision and mission of of the locality of on the context of context of the
the locality of the the student the locality of the locality of the
student researchers researchers student student
researchers researchers
Connection to Issue where the Issue where the Issue where the Issue where the
Course/Strand topic was developed topic was topic was topic was
from is very much developed from is developed from is developed from is
related to the related to the slightly related to not related to the
course/strand of the course/strand of the course/strand course/strand of
student researchers the student of the student the student
and will greatly researchers researchers researchers
impact the area of
specialization
Format of 10 or less number of Less than 15 Less than 15 More than 15
written research substantive words of substantive substantive substantive
title the research title; words of the words of the words of the
variables, population research title; research title; research title;
and methodology variables, variables and variables and
implied/included population and population population
methodology implied/included implied/included
implied/included
Promptness Submitted before Submitted on Submitted Submitted later
October 9, 2020 October 9, 2020 October 12, 2020 than October 12,
2020
GENERALIZING CONCEPTS
POST-TESTING HOW MUCH DID I LEARN:
1. Describe the quantitative method of research.

2. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?
3. Give the 2 main types of quantitative research and explain each.
4. Cite at least 3 things that must be considered when reporting results of a quantitative study?
5. What are the four types of quantitative research approach? Describe each.
6. What is a variable? Enumerate the types of variables used in a quantitative research.
7. What makes quantitative research important to the society?
10 | Baugbog
STUDENT’S NOTES and TAKEAWAYS
11 | Baugbog
SELF LEARNING CHECKLIST

ACHIEVED – NOT ACHIEVED
TEACHER’s REMARKS
TARGETS MARK ̸ MARK X
Describes characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
research
Illustrates the importance of

quantitative research across fields
Differentiates kinds of variables and

their uses
TEACHER’s REMARKS
FORMATIVE-SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS ACHIEVED – NOT ACHIEVED
Did I accomplish all activities in the class
work?
Did I get 70% score in the summative
assessment
Did I accomplish all performance tasks?
AS A UBIAN, HOW WILL I PROMOTE THE BENEFITS OF DOING QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IN MY

FIELD OF SPECIALIZATION?
UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: A vibrant University High School nurturing lives for a great future. Fulfilling pre-university experiences. SY 2020-2021

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1 | Baugbog

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

LESSON 3 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH

Time Submitted before Submitted on Submitted October Submitted later

PRE – TESTING HOW MUCH I KNOW

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE USING THE FOLLOWING GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. Describe the quantitative method of research.

STUDENT READINGS and CONCEPT BUILDING

READING LINK: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Strengths-and-Weaknesses-of-

DEFINITION: Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical,

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH:

Its main characteristics are:

 The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments .

Figure 1 A comparison of the strengths and weakness of Qualitative and Quantitative

Reading Link: https://www.le.ac.uk/oerresources/lill/fdmvco/module9/page_45.htm

Importance of Quantitative Research

Reading Link: https://www.wssu.edu/about/offices-and-departments/office-of-sponsored-programs/pre-

Descriptive research Correlational research Causal- Experimental research,

Reading Link: https://sciencing.com/meaning-variables-research-6164255.html

What is the meaning of VARIABLES in research?

INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES

INTERVENING AND MODERATOR VARIABLES

CONSTANT OR CONTROLLABLE VARIABLE

CLASS WORK and FORMATIVE

___A Structured research instrument is used to gather data

B. Give a situation/scenario that will show the importance of quantitative research.

Topical Summative Test

1. The relationship between intelligence and self-esteem ____________________

2. The effect of a new treatment plan on breast cancer _____________________

4. The effect of taking multivitamins on a students’ school absenteeism ______________

6. The covariance of smoking and lung disease _____________________

______1. Data is numerical in nature

Performance Task with RUBRIC

from the chosen the locality

POST-TESTING HOW MUCH DID I LEARN:

1. Describe the quantitative method of research.

STUDENT’S NOTES and TAKEAWAYS

SELF LEARNING CHECKLIST

Illustrates the importance of

Differentiates kinds of variables and

AS A UBIAN, HOW WILL I PROMOTE THE BENEFITS OF DOING QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IN MY

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