16-Sep-20
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER & EMERGING SCIENCES (FAST-NUCES)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS
(UNIAXIAL MOMENTS)
BS Civil Engineering (Fall 2020)
Engr. Ali Raza Khalid
Structural Engineer (PE)
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (FAST-NU),
B-Block, Faisal Town, Lahore, Pakistan.
Email :
[email protected] Land Line : 042-111128128 (Ext:433)
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TYPES OF COLUMNS
W.R.T LOADING
• Classification on the basis of Loading
Concentrically Loaded Column
When the resultant of load coincides
with the centroid of the cross-section ,
the column is said to be concentrically
loaded column.
Concentrically
Loaded Column
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TYPES OF COLUMNS
W.R.T LOADING
• Classification on the basis of Loading
Eccentrically Loaded Column
When the resultant of load does not
coincides with the centroid of the
cross-section , the column is said to
be eccentrically loaded column.
a) Uni-axially eccentrically loaded
column
b) Bi-axially eccentrically loaded
column Eccentrically
Loaded Column
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TYPES OF COLUMNS
W.R.T LOADING
COMPRESSION PLUS BENDING OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN
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TYPES OF COLUMNS
W.R.T LOADING
• When a member is subjected to combined axial compression P and
moment M, as shown in figure below, it is convenient to replace the axial
load and moment with an equal load P applied at eccentricity e.
𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
• 𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏
• ⍉𝑃 ≥ 𝑃
• ⍉𝑀 ≥ 𝑀
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DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTION DIAGRAM
A. Large axial load causes a crushing failure of the concrete with all
bars reaching their yield points in compression.
𝑃 = ⍉[0.85 𝑓 𝐴 − 𝐴 + 𝑓 𝐴 ]
B. Large axial load and small moment but entire cross section in
compression. Failure occurs by crushing of the concrete, all bars in
compression. C > 𝐶
C. Balanced loading condition—bars on tensile side yield at same time
concrete on compression side crushes at 0.85 f ‘.
ϵ =0.003 & ϵ = ϵ
D. Large moment, relatively small axial load—failure initiated by
yielding of tensile bars. ϵ =0.003 & ϵ = 0.005
E. Large bending moment—failure occurs as in a beam.
ϵ =0.003 & ϵ ≫ 0.005
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DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTION DIAGRAM
• Interaction Diagram Between Axial Load and Moment (Failure Envelope)
Concrete crushes
before steel yields
Steel yields before
concrete crushes
• Note: Any combination of P and M outside the envelope will cause failure.
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DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTION DIAGRAM
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PLASTIC CENTROID
• The eccentricity of a column load is the distance from the load to the
plastic centroid of the column.
• The plastic centroid represents the location of the resultant force produced
by the steel and the concrete.
• It is the point in the column cross section through which the resultant
column load must pass to produce uniform strain at failure.
• For locating the plastic centroid, all concrete is assumed to be stressed in
compression to 0.85fc and all steel to fy in compression.
• For symmetrical sections, the plastic centroid coincides with the centroid
of the column cross section, while for nonsymmetrical sections, it can be
located by taking moments
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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS
USING INTERACTION DIAGRAMS
The ACI has prepared normalized interaction curves in this manner for the different cross section and bar
arrangement situations shown in Figure and for different grades of steel and concrete.
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Example # 3
The short 14-in. × 20-in. tied column of Figure 10.17 is to be used to support the following loads
and moments: PD = 125 k, PL = 140 k, MD = 75 ft-k, and ML = 90 ft-k. If f’c = 4000 psi and fy =
60,000 psi, select reinforcing bars to be placed in its end faces only using appropriate ACI column
interaction diagrams.
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Example # 4
Design a short square column for the following conditions: Pu = 600 k, Mu = 80 ft-k, f’c = 4000 psi,
and fy = 60,000 psi. Place the bars uniformly around all four faces of the column.
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Total cover ?
db
C.C Stirrup
2
#8=1.5+3/8+1/2 = 2.375x2
#6=1.5+3/8+.75/2 = 2.25x2
#4=1.5+3/8+0.5/2=2.13x2
#8=1.0+3/8+1/2 = 1.87x2
#6=1.0+3/8+.75/2 = 1.75x2
#4=1.0+3/8+0.5/2 =1.62x2
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Example # 5
Using the ACI column interaction graphs, select reinforcing for the short round spiral column
shown in Figure 10.19 if f’c = 4000 psi, fy = 60,000 psi, Pu = 500 k, and Mu = 225 ft-k.
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Example # 6
Design a 14-in.-wide rectangular short tied column with bars only in the two end faces for Pu =
500 k, Mu = 250 ft-k, f’c = 4000 psi, and fy= 60,000 psi. Select a column with approximately 2%
steel.
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Example # 7
Using the appropriate interaction curves, determine the value of Pn for the short tied column
shown in Figure. If ex = 10 in. Assume f’c = 4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi.
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