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Complex Numbers in Python

This document introduces complex numbers in Python. It discusses how to convert real numbers to complex numbers using the complex() function and access the real and imaginary parts. It also describes how to get the phase of a complex number using the phase() function. Finally, it shows how to convert between polar and rectangular forms of complex numbers using the polar() and rect() functions.

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Shubham Rawat
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251 views

Complex Numbers in Python

This document introduces complex numbers in Python. It discusses how to convert real numbers to complex numbers using the complex() function and access the real and imaginary parts. It also describes how to get the phase of a complex number using the phase() function. Finally, it shows how to convert between polar and rectangular forms of complex numbers using the polar() and rect() functions.

Uploaded by

Shubham Rawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complex Numbers in Python | Set 1 (Introduction)

Not only real numbers, Python can also handle complex numbers and its associated functions using the file
“cmath”. Complex numbers have their uses in many applications related to mathematics and python provides
useful tools to handle and manipulate them.

Converting real numbers to complex number


An complex number is represented by “ x + yi “. Python converts the real numbers x and y into complex using
the function complex(x,y). The real part can be accessed using the function real() and imaginary part can be
represented by imag().
# Python code to demonstrate the working of
# complex(), real() and imag()
 
# importing "cmath" for complex number operations
import cmath
 
# Initializing real numbers
x =5
y =3
 
# converting x and y into complex number
z = complex(x,y);
 
# printing real and imaginary part of complex number
print ("The real part of complex number is : ",end="")
print (z.real)
 
print ("The imaginary part of complex number is : ",end="")
print (z.imag)
Output:

The real part of complex number is : 5.0

The imaginary part of complex number is : 3.0

Phase of complex number


Geometrically, the phase of a complex number is the angle between the
positive real axis and the vector representing complex number . This is also
known as argument of complex number. Phase is returned using phase(), which
takes complex number as argument. The range of phase lies from  -pi to +pi. i.e
from -3.14 to +3.14.
# Python code to demonstrate the working of
# phase()
 
# importing "cmath" for complex number operations
import cmath
 
# Initializing real numbers
x = -1.0
y = 0.0
# converting x and y into complex number
z = complex(x,y);
 
# printing phase of a complex number using phase()
print ("The phase of complex number is : ",end="")
print (cmath.phase(z))
Output:

The phase of complex number is : 3.141592653589793

 
Converting from polar to rectangular form and vice versa
Conversion to polar is done using polar(), which returns a pair(r,ph) denoting
the modulus r and phase angle ph. modulus can be displayed using abs() and
phase using phase().
A complex number converts into rectangular coordinates by using rect(r, ph),
where r is modulus and ph is phase angle. It returns a value numerically equal
to r * (math.cos(ph) + math.sin(ph)*1j)
# Python code to demonstrate the working of
# polar() and rect()
 
# importing "cmath" for complex number operations
import cmath
import math
 
# Initializing real numbers
x = 1.0
y = 1.0
 
# converting x and y into complex number
z = complex(x,y);
 
# converting complex number into polar using polar()
w = cmath.polar(z)
 
# printing modulus and argument of polar complex number
print ("The modulus and argument of polar complex number is : ",end="")
print (w)
 
# converting complex number into rectangular using rect()
w = cmath.rect(1.4142135623730951, 0.7853981633974483)
 
# printing rectangular form of complex number
print ("The rectangular form of complex number is : ",end="")
print (w)

Output:

The modulus and argument of polar complex number is : (1.4142135623730951,


0.7853981633974483)

The rectangular form of complex number is : (1.0000000000000002+1j)

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