Division SDO Laguna Grade Level Grade 9

Learning
Delivery Modular Distance Learning Quarter 2nd Quarter
Modality
LESSON MELC No.
EXEMPLAR School Magdalena INHS
Domain
in Mathematics 9
Teacher Jaycel B. Ablir No. of Days 12 days

I. OBJECTIVE After going through this module, the learners are expected to:
1. illustrate situations that involve the following variations:
a) direct; b) inverse; c) joint; d) combined;
2. translate into variation statement a relationship between
two quantities given by: a) a table of values; b) a
mathematical equation; c) a graph, and vice versa; and
3. solves problems involving variations.

A. Content Standards The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of

variation and radicals.
B. Performance Standards The learner is able to formulate and solve accurately problems
involving radicals.
C. Most Essential Learning The learner:
Competencies (MELC) 1. illustrates situations that involve the following
variations: a) direct; b) inverse; c) joint; d) combined;
(M9AL-IIa-1)
2. translates into variation statement a relationship
between two quantities given by: a) a table of values;
b) a mathematical equation; c) a graph, and vice
versa; (M9AL-IIa-b-1) and
3. solves problems involving variations. (M9AL-IIb-c-1)
4. Enabling Competencies
II. Content Variation
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
a. Teacher’s Guide Pages PIVOT BOW R4QUBE,
b. Learner’s Material Pages PIVOT 4A Learner’s Material Quarter 2, Mathematics Grade 9

c. Textbook Pages Pages 6 to 11

d. Additional Materials from
Learning Resources
B. List of Learning Resources
for Development and
Engagement Activities
IV.PROCEDURE
A. Introduction There are varied things around you that you should
(Day 1-2) know how things are related to each other. Like how is time
related to the speed of a vehicle or even as simple as the
relationship of the length of your arm span with your height.
Quantities may vary directly that is, as one quantity
increases the other quantity must also increase or they may

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 vary inversely, that is if one quantity increases the other
quantity decreases.
When two quantities increase at the same time or
decrease at the same time, it shows direct variation.
However if one quantity increases and the other decreases, it
shows inverse variation.
You encounter such situations in your everyday life. For
instance, if walk slowly going to school it takes longer time but
walking fast, takes a shorter time reaching the school. Your
speed in walking varies inversely with the time. The faster
you walk the shorter the time it takes you to reach your
destination.
Another situation is when your mother asked you to buy
rice, which costs P55.00 a kilo. If one kilo costs P55.00, how
much 10 kilos of rice cost? In this situation the more kilos of
rice the more money you will pay. Hence, this is an example of
direct variation.
Situations involving 3 or more quantities that varies
from one another may show joint variation or combined
variation.
B. Development Direct Variation
(Day 3-8) In your previous lesson you were able to represent
relationship between two quantities using graphs, table of
values and equations.
Examples:
1.
Table of values:
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 2 4 6 8 10
Graph:

Equation: y=2 x
You can see from the table of values that as the value
of x increases the value of y also increases. The graph is a
line that rises to the right. This is an illustration of a direct
variation. This means that y varies directly as x. in symbol:
y
=k or y=kx, where k is the constant of variation or
x
constant of proportionality. In this case the constant of
variation is 2.

2. You will be celebrating your 14 th birthday and you want

to have 14 balloons in your birthday party. The table
2
 shows the number of balloons ( x) and the
corresponding cost ( y ).
As you can see the values of x increase, the values of
y also increase. Hence the cost of balloons varies directly to
the number of balloons.
x 2 4 6 8 … 14
y 10 20 30 40 … 70
Since y varies directly as x, find the constant of variation
y 1 y 2 10 20
k: = = = =5
x 1 x2 2 4
The constant of variation (k ) is 5. Thus the equation of
the direct variation is y=5 x.

3. y varies directly as x. if y=12 when x=4,

A. Find the constant of variation
B. What is the equation?
C. What is x when y is 36?
Solution:
y 12
A. k = = =3
x 4
B. y=3 x
C. Using the equation of variation: y=3 x
36
36=3 x → x = =12
3
When the value of y increases from 12 to 36, the value
of x increases also from 4 to 12.

Direct Square Variation

The relationship between the area and the square of the
radius is an example of a direct square variation.
A=π r 2 , the constant of variation is π or 3.1416.
Direct square variation states that if y varies directly to the
y
square of x, there is a non zero constant k such that 2 =k or
x
2
y=k x . The graph of direct square variation is quadratic in
nature it follows a quadratic curve.
Examples:
1. y varies directly as the square of x. if y=27 when x=3.
Find x when y=81.
y 27 27
Solution: Find the constant of variation: k = 2 = 2 = =3
x 3 9
2
Equation: y=3 x
Find x when y=81
Using the equation y=3 x 2, find x
81
81 ¿ 3 x 2 → x 2= =27 → x =√27=3 √ 3
3
2. If p varies directly as the square of q and p=256 when
q=8, find:
A. k
B. equation

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 C. p when q=2 √3
Solution:
p 256
A. k = 2 = 2 =4
q 8
B. p=4 q 2
2
C. p=4 q 2 → p=4(2 √ 3) =4 (12 ) =48

Inverse Variation
In real life there are different situations that shows
inverse relation.
Inverse variation states that y varies inversely as x or y
is inversely proportional to x if there is non zero constant k,
k
such that y= or xy=k. The decrease of one quantity results
x
to the increase of the other quantity.

Examples:
1. The table below shows
that number of persons x 1 2 3 4 5
working together ( x) and 2 1 2
y 2 1
the number of hours ( y ) 3 2 5
the job is completed. Find the constant of variation and
equation. Graph the given table of values.
2 2
Constant of variation: xy=5 () ()
5
=3
3
=2 ( 1 )=2
2
Equation xy=2 or y=
x
Graph:

2. If y varies inversely as
and y=20 when x=8, find
A. Constant of variation
B. Variation eqution
C. y when x=16
Solution:
A. k =xy → k =8(20)=160
160
B. xy=160 or y=
x
160 160
C. y= = =10
x 16
As the value of x increases from 8 to 16, the value of y
decreases from 20 to 10.

3. The rate (r ) of the car varies inversely with the time (t).
The car travels at a rate of 60kph for 1.5 hours. Find the
rate of the car when it took 1 hour to travel the same
distance (d ),
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 Solution:
In this case, the faster the car travel, the shorter time iw
will take to cover the same distance. Hence, the constant of
variation here is the distance.
Therefore d=rt=60 ( 1.5 )=90 km. To solve for the rate:
d 90
r = = =90 kph.
t 1
The faster the car travels, the shorter the time it takes to
travel the same distance.

Learning Task 1:
A. Complete the table if y varies directly as x or x 2
y x k Equation
30 5
8 10
18 y=3 x
72 y=2 x 2
B. Complete the table if y varies inversely as x
y x k Equation
5 6
4 36
50
20 y=
x
24
12 y=
x
Joint and Combined Variation
Joint and combined variation involves 3 or more
quantities that may vary directly and or inversely to each other.
Joint Variation
If the ratio of one quantity to the product of the other two
quantities is constant, then they vary jointly. That is, if y varies
y
jointly as x and z, then =k or y=kxz .
xz

Examples:
1. The surface area of cylinder varies jointly as the radius
and height. A=krh, where A is the surface area, r is the
radius and h is the height of the cylinder. The constant
of variation k =2 π. Hence, A=2 πrh. Any of the variable
r or h increases the area also increases.
2. Translate the following into variation equation:
a. p varies jointly as q and r
Equation: p=kqr
b. Area of parallelogram varies jointly as its base and
altitude.
Equation: A=bh, k =1

3. If m varies jointly as p and q and m=50 when p=5 and

q=2, find m when p=10 and q=6.

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 Solution:
y 50
Determine the constant of variation: =k →k =5
xz 5(2)
m=kpq=5 ( 10 )( 6 ) =300. As p and q increase m also
increases.

Combined Variation
This is a variation where one quantity varies directly to
other quantity and inversely to the other quantity.
kw
The equation v= means the v varies directly as w
x
and inversely as z.

Examples:
1. v varies inversely to x and directly to w. If v=12 when
x=4 and w=8, find w when v=24 and x=2.
Solution:
kw k ( 8) 12(4)
Equation: v= . Find k: 12= → k= =6
x 4 8
6w 6w 24(3)
Solve for w: v= → 24= → w= =12
x 3 6

2. If p varies directly as the square of q and inversely as

the square root of r, and p=20 when q=2 and r =64,
find p when q=8 and r =144.

Solution:
k q2
Equation: p= .
√r
k (2)2 20 64 20 (8)
Solve for k: 20= →k= √2 = =40
√ 64 (2) 4
40(8)2 40(64) 640
Solve for p: p= = =
√ 144 12 3

Learning Task 2
A. Complete the table if y varies directly as x or x 2
y x z k Equation
30 3 5
80 4 y=2 xz
6 8 4
60 10 y=3 xz
12 3 B. Complete the
48 y= xy
4 table if y
varies
inversely as x
y v w z k Equation
C. Engagement 5 12 Learning
14 Task 3
24
(Day 9) A. Identify if the given equation is a direct, inverse, joint or
18 4 8 10
combined variation with k as the constant of variation.
3 vw
16 24 6 y=
2z 6
8 vw
20 6 2 y=
z
12 7 15 6
1. b=kd
2. y=klm
kn
3. m=
p
a
4. =kc
b
5. mn=kpq

B. Write the equation of variation and solve for the

constant of variation.
1.
p 1 2 3 4 5
q 7 28 63 112 175
2.
p 3 6 12 24 48
q 16 8 4 2 1
3.
p 6 12 18 24 30
q 2 4 6 8 10

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C. Assimilation Learning Task 4
(Day 10-11) I. Solve the following:

1. The distance (d ) from the center of the seesaw varies

inversely as the weight ( w) of a person. JB who weighs 50
kg sits 3 feet from the fulcrum. How far from the fulcrum
must JP sit in order to balance with JB if he weighs 35 kg?
2. The number of pages ( p) that Ethan reads varies directly
as the number of hours (t) he is reading.
A. Write the variation equation.
B. If he can read 21 pages in 14 minutes, how many
pages can he read in 21 minutes?
3. The pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the
temperature and inversely proportional to its volume.
A. Write the variation equation.
B. What happened to the pressure if the volume is reduced
to half and the temperature is doubled?
pq2
4. Given the equation y=k , where k is the constant of
r
variation, tell which statement is true or false.
A. y and r varies directly.
B. y and q 2 are directly proportional
C. y and pq2 varies jointly
D. p and r are inversely proportional
E. y and p varies directly
5. The volume of a cylinder is given by the formula V =π r 2 h.
If r is increased by 50% and the height is reduced by 25%,
what will happen to the volume? What is the constant of
variation?

F. Reflection In your journal notebook, reflect and answer the questions.

(Day 12) 1. Give at least three examples of quantities you know or
you have experienced that show different types of
variation.
Prepared by:

Jaycel B. Ablir
Teacher I

Submitted to:

Ruby P. Castillo, EdD

Principal I