HIGHER COLLEGES OF TECHNOLOGY

ABUDHABI WOMEN’S COLLEGE

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology

Laboratory report

ELE 4233 Mobile Communication

Lab 05
LOS link Power Measurement Considering Fresnel
Zone and Comparison with Friis Equation.

Student name: Shouq Mohamed Aljawhari

Student ID: H00366552

Date:18th , October 2020

0
Þ Objective
• To study and understand what is Fresnel Zone.
• To study the effect of Received power considering the Fresnel Zone
• To understand Matlab Simulation on Frii’s free space Equation while considering
the Fresnel Zone.

Þ Equipment & Software Needed

o Matlab Simulation Software
o Matlab Communication Tool box”

Þ Introduction & Theory

o The Fresnel zone is an elliptical shape body where it has the transmitter on one
end of it while the receiver is on the opposite end. It can be assumed that the
wave propagates from transmitter to receiver. The effect of this wave
propagation impact what is known as the “Fresnel zone”. When talking about
the Fresnel zone it is essential to talk about the Fresnel zone maximum radius
which is positioned in the middle of that distance between the transmitter and
receiver. It can be calculated in meters using: R = 8.657 x sqrt(D/f ),
considering D to be the T-R distance while f as the frequency. It can be
observed that this radius is directly proportional to distance, meaning any
increase or decrease in the distance will affect the Fresnel zone maximum
radius accordingly. The wave propagation and the communication between the
transmitter and receiver occurs directly through what is known to be the “line
of sight”, otherwise called LOS communication.

o However, there is some wave propagation on the other areas of the Fresnel
zone. Waves can be reflected before reaching the transmitter. Reflected waves
are not in phase with the direct waves “LOS” which can essentially cause a
loss in the gain. The cause of this is the increase in Transmitter-Receiver
distance and the decrease of antenna height. So, in order to get rid of reflected
wave that reduce overall gain, increasing the antennas height while decreasing

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 the TR distance is required. Moreover, received power can be found using
Friis equation below:

While the path loss can be found using: 10 log (Pt/Pr) = 10 log (4*d. ^4/
(ht^2*hr^2),
considering that ht and hr are the heights of transmitter and reenter
respectively.

Þ Procedures
o Open the Matlab simulation software.
o Write required commands/code in Command Window.
o Execute commands/code.
o Find results and plots in simulation Window.
o Compare and analyze practical output with theoretical output.

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 Þ Simulation Results (Codes & Figures)
Part A

Figure 1
o Manipulating antenna height:

Figure 2

o Manipulating T-R distance:

Figure 3

3
Part B

Figure 4

Part C

Figure 5

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Þ Observation/Findings
o I have observed that the path loss in dB has a directly proportional relationship
to the distance in meters. Meaning, throughout this lab I found out that
reducing antenna height, this directly proportional relationship increases more
than a large antenna height. I found out that this is very beneficial for resulting
in a food overall gain.

Þ Discussion/Analysis
o The main objective of this simulation is to be able to understand Frii’s free
space equation and discuss received power while considering the Fresnel zone.
The model in question to accomplish this task, was the plane earth model.
Also, in all parts of the simulation, part A,B,and C, the frequency equaled to
800000000 while the speed equaled to 300000000. Furthermore, I started with
the first part, Part A, which was a simulation where the antenna height was
low, meaning reflected waves are neglected. Whenever reflected waves are
absent, the overall gain become higher, which is always desirable in TR
communication. In this case, ht and hr were both equal to 10,000 while path
loss equaled to 1 (Figure1). Secondly, I repeated Part A but with decreasing
the antenna height to a thousand where I set ht and hr to 1000 while keeping
path loss equal to 1 (Figure 2). With decreasing the antenna height, come the
appearance of the reflected waves on the receiver end which cause an
undesirable reduction to the overall gain. Moreover, the directly proportional
relationship between the distance and path loss seemed to increase more
rapidly than when ht and hr = 10000. Finally, for Part A I manipulated the
distance where I changed it from R_plane_earth=1:1000:100000 to
R_plane_earth=1:100:100000 (figure 3). This is the distance between the
transmitter and the receiver. Whenever there is an increase in this TR distance
cause the appearance of reflected waves in the receiver which consequently
reduce the overall gain, making it undesirable. And whenever there is a
decrease in the TR distance, reflected waves disappear and overall gain
increase.

o Furthermore, then I started with Part B where the goal was to reduce the
antennas height in order to observe how the received power will be affected.
In this code ht and hr, the antenna height, were reduced to 100 meters (figure
4). This, as discussed above, is desirable to limit reflected wave. With the
decrease of antenna height, there becomes a decrease in path loss as well.

o Lastly, I applied the last part, Part C. which represented an even lower antenna
height, that equaled to 1. Because the relationship between antenna height and
path is directly proportional, here we have witnessed an increase in the figure,
however, it was much rapid than all previous figures from previous codes.
(figure 5)

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Þ Calculation
o Fresnel zone maximum radius: R = 8.657 x sqrt(D/f ), considering D to be the
distance in question while f as the frequency.

o Received power can be found using Friis equation below:

o Path loss can be found using: 10 log (Pt/Pr) = 10 log (4*d. ^4/ (ht^2*hr^2),
considering that ht and hr are the heights of transmitter and reenter
respectively.

Þ Conclusion
o Overall, I accomplished the goals of this lab to study Fresnel zone and
undetsrand it characteristics. I was able to understand how to find its
maximum radius and how this radius can be be affected. I also studied how
effective received power can be when Fresnel zone is in question. This was
done pratically by applying the matlab simulation on Frii’s free space
equation. Lastly, i was able to apply my theoratical knowledge of the lecture
practically to further study the concept of LOS link Power Measurement
Considering Fresnel Zone and Comparison with Friis Equation

Þ References
o none

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Grading Rubric
SL No Rubrics Mark Code
1 Individual Assessment 30 (10 +10+10) A
2 Troubleshooting and problem solving/ post lab test 10 B
3 Introduction/ Objective/ Procedure 5 C
4 Calculations /Codes/ Theory. 5 D
5 Data collection/ Findings / observations 5 E
6 Diagrams / Charts / Figures and Plots with Captions 10 F
7 Analysis & Discussion / (theory vs actual) 15 G
8 Conclusions/ Summary /self-reflection 15 H
Quality of work performed including quality of lab
9 5 I
report, neatness etc.