PASSI CITY COLLEGE

City of Passi, Iloilo

SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

DRUG EDUCATION & VICE CONTROL

MODULE 2

TIME FRAME

One week

OVERVIEW

This module is designed for BS Criminology Students to have a comprehensive and

competent thorough understanding of the general provisions of drug education and vice
control, the definition of terms and its sources.

OUTCOMES

At the end of the module discussion, the students must have understood and applied in a
given situation of the topics under the drug education and vice control.

CONTENT/TOPIC

Unit 1- PHILIPPINE DRUG SCENARIO

Unit 2- THE DRUG ABUSER

DISCUSSION
Unit 1- PHILIPPINE DRUG SCENARIO

PHILIPPINE DRUG SCENARIO: The early Filipinos during the pre-Spanish era were already
using and producing intoxicants and stimulants like the “tuba” a fermented coconut wine and the
masticatory preparation called “nga-nga” in vernacular. They were already using coffee out of
“roasted rice” called by the natives as “sara-sara”, others were smoking dried duhat leaves.

1521 – The Spanish colonialization gave birth to the use of opium in the country.
1780 – the Spanish colonial government prohibited the Filipinos to use opium except the Chinese
residents particularly in Manila.
1844 – the Spanish government imported opium and sold it to the Chinese community forbidding its
use by the Indians and Filipinos. The importation temporarily stopped during the period of revolt and
insurrection.
1908 – the American government ordered the total ban of opium.
1953 – Republic Act 953 was enacted to provide for the registration, collection, and the imposition of
fixed and special taxes upon all persons who produce, import, manufacture, deal in, dispense, sell,
distribute or give away opium, marijuana, opium poppies, or coca leaves or any synthetic drugs which
may be declared as habit forming.
1955 – Marijuana plant is said to have been introduced in the country in the vicinity of San Juan and
Donada Streets, Pasay City.
January 8, 1959 – The first seizure of marijuana was made during a raid conducted among marijuana
addicts in Pasay City led by then Major Teodoro C. Natividad. In this year, the war against drugs had
begun.
1963 – heroin is started to abuse in Manila. The use of opium among Filipinos increased.
March 30, 1972 – Republic Act 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 was
promulgated. This strengthened the war against drugs. In the same year, heroin baron Lim Seng was
executed which put an end to heroin abuse and production in the Philippines.
1980 – the use of marijuana became geographically widespread including the use of pharmaceutical
products like cough syrups. The inhalation of solvents, like rugby, added to the problem. Cultivation
of marijuana increased and in 1985 it was the most widely abused drugs. The Philippines produces
$1.4 billion worth of marijuana making it the second biggest source of banned narcotic after Mexico.
This appalling estimate was disclosed by former Senator Ernesto Herrera, chairman of the Citizens’
Drug Watch Foundation, INC.
1982 – Batasang Pambansa Bilang 179 effected another procedural amendment to RA 6425. The law
itemized prohibited drugs and their derivatives. Narcotic preparations such as opiates, opium poppy
straw, leaves or wrapping, whether prepared for use or not were classified as dangerous drugs.
1986 – methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu emerged as a popular drug in Metro Manila and
other major cities.
1987 – Cocaine laboratory and plantation of coca shrubs were also discovered by Narcotics raiding
team in Agho Island, San Rafael, Iloilo.
1999 – the Senate committee on public order and illegal drugs began deliberating on a bill which
seeks to create a super drug enforcement agency patterned after the Drug Enforcement Agency of the
United States. Committee chairman Sen.  Robert Barbers said Senate Bill 363, or the act creating the
Presidential Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA), will address the growing drug abuse and drug
trafficking problem in the country. June 7, 2002 – President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed
Republic Act 9165, or the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, and it took effect on July 4,
2002. R.A. 9165 defines more concrete courses of action for the national anti-drug campaign and
imposes heavier penalties to offenders. Its mission is to implement the new anti-drug law; eliminate
the supply and demand of illegal drugs; prevent and control drug-related crimes; and provide a drug-
free community for Filipinos.

May 2005 – the PDEA Academy was established and officially opened in Silang, Cavite.

In February 2006 – joint force of PDEA, PNP, NBI and PAF dismantled a “shabu tiangge”, the one-
stop shabu shop in Pasig City. The task force secured a search warrant last Feb. 9 and raided the
compound along F. Soriano St., Barangay Palatiw in Pasig City which openly sold shabu with
prepared drug paraphernalia, equipment and apparatus. Narrow cubicles were also made available for
rent.

CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE

Philosophy of Drug Abuse: Drug abuse is the innocent, illiterate and indiscriminate use of drug or
chemical substance which may seriously damage the individual’s total well being and the ability to
functions normally and actively in the society. It results to a complex psychosocial problem, which
prevent the socio-economic development of a country and even threatens its national security.

Causes of Drug Abuse: Drug abuse started from the innocence and curiosity of people in the proper
use of drugs aggravated by multifaceted problem. There are always more than one reason that
influences young people to abuse drugs. The following are the factors that may influence young
people to abuse drug:

Biological Factors
1. Individual health conditions – there are several diseases or illness that easily makes a person
become a drug abuser. Examples are fatigue, chronic cough, insomnia and discomfort. Drugs are
used to prevent these conditions.
2. It is a belief that a drug has special action to prevent diseases and to increase sexual capacity.
3. The use of drugs makes the body cells work or function actively. People use drugs to condition
the body.
Psychological Factors: There are a number of psychological conditions that could easily induce and
influence the innocence of young people to abuse drug:
a. Low self-esteem and poor self-image
b. Need of acceptance or belonging
c. Feeling of more freedom and autonomy
d. Escape
e. Mental problem
f. Envy

Parental Negligence: There are some untoward potential relations that are critical to the basic
foundation of children that resulted to a poor parent-children relationship:
1. Over-domineering parents;
2. Lack of parents concern and closeness;
3. Parental permissiveness;
4. Rejection and Abuse of parents;
5. Family instability and disorganization;
6. Harsh physical punishment.

The parents therefore are the best influence to their children. It is in the home where education
started. Children with poor relationship and guidance from their parents easily join peer groups to find
shoulders to carry and to assert their independence.

Sociological and Community Factor:

a. Availability of over-the-counter prescription drugs available to anybody anytime;
b. Impact of an affluent or prominent lifestyle or high unemployment problem;
c. Influence of media advertisement message that all ailments can be cured through the use of
drugs;
d. Modeling
e. The collapse of religious values;
f. Feeling of powerlessness;
g. Lower value on academic achievement;
h. Easy access to drug in an affluent society.

Ineffectiveness of Drug Abuse Preventive Education Program in Schools: The school has the
responsibility to give proper education regarding the proper use of drugs and to give proper
information about the effect of dangerous drugs to individual mental and physical health conditions as
well as to the community as a whole.
Corruption in Law Enforcement, other Government Agencies, Policy Makers and Poor
Implementation of Law: The law enforcement agencies must seriously abide by their mission in
safeguarding the people against dangerous drugs that destroy the future of the youth.

Maladministration, Inequality and Double Standard of Justice: Balanced and fair delivery of
justice to the poor and affluent members of the society most especially for those who can afford to
pay or bribe the justice system.

The Primary Causes of Drug Abuse: Any of the seven deadly sins could be the primary cause why
people tend to abuse drugs despite knowledge of the dangerous effects of drugs.
1. Pride – excessive feeling of self-worth or self-esteem and sense of self-importance;
2. Anger – unexpressed, deep-seated anger against himself, his family, friends or the society in
general;
3. Lust – burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to drug abuse;
4. Gluttony – “food trip”;
5. Greed – wealth, fame, recognition as exemplified by people under pressure in their work of art,
such as musicians, actors, athletes who indulge in drug abuse;
6. Envy – to get attention from someone: as a sign of protest. Envy is the major cause of drug
abuse;
7. Sloth – “I can’t syndrome”, incapacity to achieve is the breeding ground of drug abuse. Boredom
coupled with poor self-image.

Unit 2-THE DRUG ABUSER

Group Classification of Drug Abuser

1. Situational User – those who take drugs in order to develop self-confidence (when going to a
party) and to have extra energy (playing or working under pressure).
2. Spree Users – school age users who take drugs for “kicks”, an adventurous daring experience, or
as a means of fun.
3. Hard Core Addict – those abuser whose activities revolve most entirely in taking and securing
supplies of drugs.
4. Hippies – those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug is an integral part of life.

PERSONALITY PROFILE OF DRUG ABUSER

1. They are of average or above average intelligent;
2. They are witty, manipulative and have low frustration tolerance;
3. They have negative attitude, they demonstrate hostile feelings to the world or to anybody who
does not want to conform with what they want;
4. They are emotionally immature, selfish, and excessively dependent;
5. They want immediate gratification of their needs and desires;
6. Their interest and aptitude are on dramatic, persuasive and musical;
7. They are pleasure seeker, rebellious, pathological liars and have impulsive behavior;
8. They love to join anti-social groups/delinquent groups and have difficulty in solving a problem.

Epidemiological Profile of Drug Abuser

1. Majority of drug abusers are between 15 to 24 years old with a mean or average of 19 years old;
2. The vulnerable groups are third year and fourth year high school and first year and 2nd year
college;
3. Mostly are male, single, jobless and school dropouts;
4. As to birth order, the user is usually the eldest or the youngest in the family;
5. Majority have poor relationship with their parents or products of broken families.

General Signs and Symptoms of Drug Abuser

1. Sudden changes in school activities or work attendance, quality of work, school grades, discipline and work
output;
2. Unusual outbreak of temper, and withdrawal from responsibilities;
3. Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate time and place to hide the condition of the eyes;
4. Wearing of long sleeves to hide injection marks;
5. Deterioration of physical appearance;
6. Association with known drug user;
7. Unusual borrowings of money from parents and friends;
8. Stealing of items from home, school or employer;
9. Frequent stay in storage room, toilet, basement room and isolated places;
10. Odor or smell of the substance being used.
Specific Signs and Symptoms of Dangerous Drug Abuser
A. Volatile Solvents
1. Odor or smell of substance on breath and clothing;
2. Excessive nasal secretions, watering of eyes and poor muscular control;
3. Preference for being with a group rather than being alone;
4. Plastic or paper bags or rags containing dry plastic cement or other solvent, found at home, school locker or
at work;
5. Obvious slurred speech.

B. Depressant Drug User such as Barbiturates and Tranquilizers

1. Symptoms of alcohol intoxication without odor, smell or breath;
2. Staggering or Stumbling;
3. Falling asleep unexplainably;
4. Drowsiness and disorientation;
5. Lack of interest in school and family activities.

C. Stimulant Drug Abuser such as Amphetamines, Cocaine, Speed or Uppers.

1. Pupil of the eyes dilated;
2. Mouth and nose are dry and bad breath;
3. Goes for long period without eating or sleeping, always feels nervous;
4. Chain smoking;
5. If injecting drug, user may have hidden eyedroppers, needles and other injection paraphernalia;
6. Produce elevation of mood, heightened alertness and increased energy;
7. Abuser becomes anxious, irritable or loquacious;
8. Decreased appetite and develop insomnia.

D. Narcotic Drug Abuser such as Heroine, Morphine or Opium

1. Lethargy and drowsiness;
2. Pupils are constricted and fail to respond to light;
3. Traces of white powder around nostrils causing nostrils irritation;
4. If injecting, scars are found usually in the inner surface of the arms and elbows;
5. The user scratches self frequently, loss of appetite, sniffles, runny nose, red watery eyes and
coughing which disappear when user gets a “fix”.

E. Marijuana Abuser (HALLUCINOGEN)

1. May appear animated with rapid, loud talking and burst of laughter;
2. Sleepy and stuporous;
3. Pupils are dilated;
4. Odor (similar to burnt rope) on clothing or breath;
5. Remnants of marijuana either loose or in a partially smoked “joints” in clothing or possessions;
6. In early stage, users are in-group.

F. LSD/STP/DMT Abuser (HALLUCINOGEN)

1. User usually sits or reclines quietly in a dream or trance-like state;
2. User may become fearful and experience a degree of terror that makes him attempt to escape from
his group;
3. Sense of sight, hearing, touch, body image and time are distorted;
4. Mood and behavior are affected, the manner depending upon emotional and environmental condition of the
user.

SELF-ASSESMENT ACTIVITIES

After reading and understanding all the topics under module 1 given and thoroughly
discussed above, yu are now going to assess yourself by answering the questions given
below. Rate yourself in the following manner.

Score Rating
9 to 10 Outstanding
7 to 8 Very Satisfactory
5 to 6 Satisfactory
3 to 4 Poor
0 to 2 Very poor

Multiple choice: Encircle the letter of your choice from the four choices given.

1. The Spanish colonialization gave birth to the use of opium in the country.
A. 1521
B. 1780
C. 1844
D. 1908

2. The Spanish government imported opium and sold it to the Chinese community forbidding its
use by the Indians and Filipinos.
A. 1844
B. 1780
C. 1521
D. 1908

3. Marijuana plant is said to have been introduced in the country in the vicinity of San Juan and
Donada Streets, Pasay City.
A. 1955
B. 1908
C. 1780
D. 1844

4. Republic Act 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 was promulgated.
A. March 30, 1972
B. March 20, 1971
C. March 10, 1973
D. March 05, 1974

5. Cocaine laboratory and plantation of coca shrubs were also discovered by Narcotics raiding
team in Agho Island, San Rafael, Iloilo.
A. 1987
 B. 1908
C. 1780
D. 1845
6. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed Republic Act 9165, or the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
A. June 7, 2002
B. June 4, 2001
C. June 7, 2002
D. June 4, 2001
7. The PDEA Academy was established and officially opened in Silang, Cavite.
A. May 2005
B. May 2006
C. May 2004
D. May 2007

8. Which is not the psychological conditions that could easily induce and influence the
innocence of young people to abuse drug.
A. Over-domineering parents
B. Low self-esteem and poor self-image
C. Need of acceptance or belonging
D. Feeling of more freedom and autonomy

9. Which is not the Parental Negligence as the basic foundation of children that resulted to a
poor parent-children relationship.
A. Mental problem
B. Over-domineering parents
C. Lack of parents concern and closeness
D. Parental permissiveness

10. Which is not the primary causes of drug abuse

A. Hippies
B. Pride
C. Anger
D. Gluttony

Note: Answer key to the above questions is given in module 3 to be distributed soon.

Prepared by: Recommending approval:

PHILIP T GIRAO, MS Crim, DARE Officer MA. SHIELA V. ALBERTO, MS Crim

Instructor Dean, school of Criminal Justice

Approved:

JANICE JENNIFER P. PALMARES, MPA

SAO/Acting College President/Registrar Designate