EXPT.

# 8 (page1/2)
A STUDY OF LIGHT COMPONENTS AND ABSORPTION

STUDENT__________________ SECTION ____________________

greenish-
blue
bluish-
blue green

green
violet
1st yellowish - green
visible (purple)
violet

red yello
orange w

PART 1: The Relation of Colour to Wavelength in the Visible Spectrum.

1. On the lines extending from the circle at left, mark the wavelength (nm) which YOU
judge to be the boundaries between the different colours.
Note: ‘Purple’ is a complementary colour which may be observed as
transmitted light of mixed wavelengths, but is not a colour corresponding
to a certain region of the spectrum. The spectrum before violet (UV), and past red (IR)
on the colour wheel, is invisible in both cases.

2. Complete the following table for the three solutions provided for your
observation.

Solution Recomm. wavelength Spectrum Complement of Actual

colour
Observed Absorb. radiation Absorbed Absorbed colour Obseved
colour

K2Cr2O7 sol’n 436 nm ___________ ____________ _______

Fe-bipyridyl- 522 nm ___________ ____________ _______

comp.

Hydrated Cr(III) 590 nm ___________ ____________ _______

 EXPT. # 8 (page2/2)
PART 2: Plotting Absorbance vs. Wavelength to obtain Absorption Maximum
Plot Absorbance vs. Wavelength (A as ordinate) , from 360 - 625 nm for the red iron
bipyridyl solution. Label the spectrum as to its colour and locate the absorption
maximum. Consult the colour wheel in (1.) above to see if your absorbance maxima
agree with the color of your solution. Note that yellow and red solutions are
straightforward in this regard, but others may not be (eg., blue colours). A mix of blue
and yellow soln’s will produce a green solution. Please submit your plotted graph by
stapling it to this form.
Include a title and label axes.

Question: Why is the wavelength corresponding to the absorbance maximum

chosen for the actual quantitative measurement of A?

Marks were deducted for the following reasons

 Incorrect range in (1);  Inaccuracy in (1);  Axes of graph not labeled;  No title for
graph;  Spectrum colours not shown on graph;  Maximum not marked;  Late report; 
Messy report ;  Remarking;  Report incomplete (not filled in properly);

 other ________________________

Your grade: ____________________

Instructor: ______________________
 EXPT. # 9(page1/1)
CALIBRATION OF AN ABSORPTION CELL AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC IRON
DETERMINATION

STUDENT: Amanda Feng________________________________SECTION: 01

UNKNOWN #____150___________

PART A: CALIBRATION OF CELL (Attach calculation on separate sheet.)

Absorption cell (cuvette) path length found for instrument # 21782____

Result : 0.9987____________cm (report average)

PART B: IRON BY ABSORBANCE-RATIO METHOD (Attach sample

calculation on separate sheet.)

(1) 11.61______________ ppm Fe (2) 11.58_______________ ppm Fe

MEAN VALUE : 11.59_______________ ppm Fe

Calculated value of  : 9667___________

PART C: IRON BY CALIBRATION CURVE METHOD (Attach sample

calculation on separate sheet.)

(1) 11.53_______________ppm Fe (2) 11.49________________ ppm Fe

MEAN VALUE 11.51________________ppm Fe

Remember to staple your calibration curve to this report and answer all questions.

Marks were deducted for the following reasons

 Incorrect calc. in (a);  Incorrect calc. in (b) (c);  Inaccuracy in (b) (c);  Late report; 
Messy report  Incorrect sig. digits;  Remarking;  Report incomplete ( not filled in
properly);  Poor graph;  Others___________

Your grade: ____________________

Instructor: ____________________________
Compare the results of Fe found in Parts B and C. Are they close? Which one would you
expect to be more accurate, and why?
When comparing the mean values for the Fe found, Parts B and C are close with a
difference of 0.08 ppm. However, Part C would be expected as more accurate because a
calibration curve with more than 3 standards will give a more accurate result. Additionally,
quanitative analyses are mostly based on multi-point curve calibrations. Part C is more accurate
with 11.51 ppm with Part B has a result value of 11.59 ppm.
 EXPT. # 10 (page1/1)
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MANGANESE IN STEEL

STUDENT___Amanda Feng_____________SECTION______01__________

UNKNOWN # ____304_______

PART A: Molar Extinction Coefficient for Mn (Attach calculation on separate

sheet.)

Use values of Absorbance and concentration from your standard steel sample.

Calculated value of  : 2161 L mol-1 cm-1__ (use correct units)

PART B: Manganese by Absorbance - Ratio Method (Attach sample calc. on

separate sheet.)

Use mean value of duplicate readings.

RESULT 0.543 % Mn (3 sig. fig.)_

Marks were deducted for the following reasons

 Incorrect calc. in (a);  Incorrect calc. in (b) ;  Inaccuracy in (a) (b);  Late report; 
Messy report  Incorrect sig. digits;  Remarking;  Rreport incomplete (not filled in
properly);  Poor graph;  other ___________

Your grade: ____________________

Instructor: ____________________________
 EXPT. # 11 (page1/1)
DETERMINATION OF SALICYLIC ACID AND CAFFEINE IN A MIXTURE

STUDENT_Amanda Feng_________________SECTION ____01________

UNKNOWN # ___________ PARTNERS WERE: __________________________

PART A: Standards Data after Dilution (Attach calculation on separate sheet.)

Salicylic Acid Caffeine

Conc. After dilution 0.2___________ 0.2__________

Dilution Factor 0.012_________ 0.012________

PART B: Original Concentrations of “Unknown” (Attach sample calc. on

separate sheet.)
Use mean value of duplicate readings. (report to proper sig. fig.)

Salicylic Acid: 0.04920________________g/l

Caffeine: 0.08670________________g/l

Make sure you submit the absorbance curve plotting for the satandards(Salicylic
Acid and Caffeine) with your report sheet, mark on the graph the wavelengthes
you pick out for the single wavelenth measurements.

Marks were deducted for the following reasons

 Incorrect calc. in (a);  Incorrect calc. in (b) ;  Inaccuracy in (b);  Late report;  Messy
report;  Incorrect sig. digits;  Remarking;  Report incomplete (not filled in properly); 
Other____________

Your grade: ____________________

Instructor: ____________________________
 EXPT. # 12 (page1/1)
POTENTIOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE ION

STUDENT_Amanda Feng_________________SECTION ________01______

UNKNOWN # 231______PARTNERS WERE: _William Chen, Terry______

A: Concentration (moles / liter) found from your graph for “Unknown”

0.00094____________M of Cl-
B: Remember to attach your calibration graph properly labeled.
C: Calculation for the activity for the chloride electrode. (Attach calculation on
separate sheet.)
Solution added to standards and unknown to make ionic strength constant:KNO 3________
(Ionic strength adjuster)
Concentration of Ionic strength adjuster (ISA): 2.0_____M
Concentration of Ionic strength adjuster (ISA) after dilution in samples:
ml ISA x original molarity
= (0.005*0.2)/0.050 = 0.20___
ml after dilution
Ionic Strength Total ionic strength = 0.1
For cation, ciZi = 0.2_______; For anion, ciZi2 = 0.2__________½  ciZi2 = __0.2___
2

From the graph in manual read the value of the activity coefficient  for this ionic
strength_0.2__________ Point selected for chloride ion activity._0.73_______
Emf 13.5___________ mV; Cl- ion concentration 0.0001_____M
Chloride ion activity is  x concentration 7.3x10-5______________
D: Reduction Potential E for chloride electrode at chosen point:
(show calculation) E = - 0.24

Marks were deducted for the following reasons

 Error in graphing;  Incorrect calc. in (c) ;  Info. missing on graph ;  Late report;  Messy
report  Incorrect sig. digits;  Remarking;  Report incomplete (not filled in properly); 
Other____________
Your grade: ____________________

Instructor: ____________________________
EXP
 T. # 13 (page1/1)
DETERMINATION OF CHROMIUM IN CHROMITE ORE by REDOX
POTENTIOMETRY

STUDENT_Amanda Feng____________________SECTION _01_________

UNKNOWN # __________

PART B: FERROUS AMMON. SULFATE STANDARDIZATION and END-POINT

DETERMINATION (Attach sample calculation on separate sheet.)

Using the manual titration data you have gathered, each student should plot a
titration curve of EMF (as ordinate) vs. volume of titrant solution added (as abscissa).
Be sure to include title and label axes. Also mark on the curve the equivalence point
and show how you determined its value.
Endpoint emf: __595.3 mV__________; N1 0.1N__

Attach curve to the report.

PART C: SAMPLE ANALYSIS (Attach sample calculation on separate sheet.)
wt. sample taken: (1) 0.5500g_______ ;(2) 0.4500g______
volume of Fe++ solution used: (1) 6.650 mL_____ ; (2) 5.550 mL_____
% Cr in ore sample: (1) 0.81%_________ ; (2) 0.82%_______________
MEAN VALUE 0.81%_________; RSD 14.04________________ppt
Marks were deducted for the following reasons
 Incorrect calc. in (a);  Incorrect calc. in (b) (c);  Inaccuracy in (b) (c);  Late report; 
Messy report;  Incorrect sig. digits;  Remarking;  Report incomplete ( not filled in
properly);  Info missing on graph;  End-point not marked;

 Other ________

Your grade: ____________________

Instructor: ____________________________
 EXPT. # 14 (page1/1)
DETERMINATION OF NICKEL IN SOLUTION BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION

STUDENT____Amanda Feng__________________SECTION __01____________

UNKNOWN # __434___________

PARTNERS WERE: William Chen , Terry

A: INSTRUMENT PARAMETERS

Hollow cathode lamp current: 5 mA

Working wave length_____232________nm; Slit width: _____0.2_______ nm

Gases flow: C2H2 flow (scale no.) 3 ; air flow (scale no.) 5

B: UNKNOWN RESULTS
Absorbance readings obtained: (1) 0.304_____;(2) 0.301_ _;(3) 0.307___________
MEAN VALUE 0.304____________
C: PLOTTING CALIBRATION CURVE (Attach curve to report)
Plot a calibration curve of Absorbance vs. ppm Ni from the data gathered using
Excel by computor in full page. Read the concentration of the unknown from this
curve using the mean Absorbance value 20.98 ppm Ni
Convert ppm Ni to % Ni 0.002098 %__
Note: your curve may not be a straight line. Read the value of the unknown even if
it is in the non-linear part of the curve. Report result to the nearest ppm.

Marks were deducted for the following reasons

 parameter missing in (a);  Incorrect calc. in (c);  Inaccuracy in (c);  late report;  messy
report;  incorrect sig. digits;  remarking;  report incomplete (not filled in properly);
info missing on graph; unknown
 not marked;  curve not drawn correctly; 
other______________________

Your grade: ____________________

Instructor: ____________________________
 APPENDIX

EXPT. # 15 (page 1/1)

DETERMINATION OF COMPONENTS IN A MIXTURE BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

STUDENT____Amanda Feng_________________________________SECTION ___01_________

DEMONSTRATOR______________________________UNKNOWN # ___527______

A: INSTRUMENT PARAMETERS
Instrument Used (HP) Hewlett 5890 Packard Series 11_______
Gas Regulator Pressure (N2, H2, compressed air) __35.0, 20.8, 35.0 _psi
Column Temp. ( programmed) _50___________________________________________
Detector/Inject port Temp. 250________________________________________________
B: RESULTS FOR STANDARD INJECTED:
(Use values from your own injections for R.T., Area, R.F.)
COMPONENT Nonane C9 Decane C10 UndecaneC11 DodecaneC12
concentration(ppm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
R.T. (min.) 5.956 5.086 3.540 4.310
Area 13205 12470 11318 13920
R.F. 0.076 0.080 0.088 0.072
C: RESULTS FOR UNKNOWN SAMPLE:
BASED ON INDIVIUAL STANDARD INJECTIONS
For Observed Peaks
Identity R.T. R.F. C.F. Area under conc. ppm
(Name) (min.) peak
___C11_______ ___3.529__ _0.088__ __0.724_ ___45639__ __2908___
___C11_______ ___4.301_ _0.088__ __0.724_ ___17219__ __1097___
___C9_______ ___5.946__ _0.076__ __0.724__ ___25055_ __1379___
__________ ________ _________ ________ __________ _________
Marks were deducted for the following reasons
 parameter missing in (a);  Incorrect calc. in (b) (c);  Inaccuracy in (c);  Late report;  Messy report ; 
Incorrect sig. digits;  Remarking;  Report incomplete

( not filled in properly); Incorrect or missing info in (b) (c) ;  Other

Your grade: _______________________

Instructor: _______________________________