The Expected or mean value of a discrete random variable x, denoted by x, is

JC Excellente Christian Academy Inc. computed by first multiplying each possible x value by the probability of observing
ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE.LEADERSHIP POTENTIAL. CHRISTIAN VALUES that value and then adding the resulting quantities. Symbolically, E ( x )=∑ xP( x ).
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Using the given data, multiply each x value by its probability and add the results
to getμx.
Statistics and Probability
2nd Semester – Week 2 & 3 Probability ,
Test Item, x x ∙ P( X )
P( X )
TOPIC: Illustrating and Calculating Mean and Variance of Discrete Random
0 0.03 0
Variable
1 0.05 0.05
Read and analyze the situation given below: 2 0.12 0.24
3 0.30 0.90
4 0.28 1.12
Mr. Cresente Umali, a Mathematics teacher, regularly gives a formative assessment
5 0.22 1.10
composed 5 multiple choice items. After the assessment, he used to check the
probability distribution of the correct responses and the data is presented below:
Test Item Probability ,
X p( X )
0 0.03 E ( x )=μ x =∑ x ∙ P ( X )=3.41
1 0.05 So, it indicates that the expected value or mean of the random variable is 3.41.
2 0.12 For question 5, you will need to understand the process on computing the
3 0.30
variance and the standard deviation of the discrete random variable. In order to
4 0.28
5 0.22 compute those, always remember this;
The Variance of a Discrete Random Variable X, denoted by σ 2x is computed

Based on the data above, observe, analyze and answer the following questions: by first subtracting the mean from each possible x value to obtain the deviations, then
1. Is the probability of x lies between 0 and 1?_____________________ squaring each deviation and multiplying the result by the probability of the
2. What is the sum of all probabilities of x?_______________________
3. Is there a negative probability? Is it possible to have a negative probability? corresponding x value, and then finally adding these quantities. In symbol,
________________________________________________
4. What is the average or mean of the probabilities of discrete random variable?
__________________________________________________
5. What are the variance and the standard deviation of the probability distribution
from the data above?_______________________________
 The Standard Deviation of x, denoted by σ x , is the square root of the
Applying the concepts from the activity given above, let us complete the table below.
Variance. In symbol, x x−μ
P(X ) x ∙ P( X ) ¿ ¿
From the data generated. 0 ¼ or 0.25 0 -1 1 0.25
1 ½ or 0.5 0.5 0 0 0
2 ¼ or 0.25 0.5 1 1 0.25
Test Item, Probability μ x =∑ x ∙ P ( X )=1 ∑ ¿¿
x ∙ P(X ) x−μ ¿ ¿
x P(X )
0 0.03 0 -3.41 11.6281 0.3488 The expected value or mean is 1.
1 0.05 0.05 -2.41 5.8081 0.2904 The Variance is 0.50, and
The Standard Deviation is √ 0.5 0, and it is equivalent to σ =¿ 0.71.
2 0.12 0.24 -1.41 1.9881 0.2386
3 0.30 0.90 -0.41 0.1681 0.0504
EVALUATION:
4 0.28 1.12 0.59 0.3481 0.0975
5 0.22 1.10 1.59 2.5281 0.5562 (Note: Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. Write your FULL
μ x =∑ x ∙ P ( X )=3.41 ∑ ¿ ¿ NAME and SECTION at the top of the paper. Use an individual sheet of paper
per subject.)
The Variance is 1.5819, and
1. The number of shoes sold per day at a retail store is shown in the table below.
The Standard Deviation is √ 1.5819 , and it is equivalent to σ =¿ 1.26
Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of this distribution,
Therefore, the correct answers for question 5 are 1.5819 and 1.26 respectively.
For uniformity of the answers, expected value or mean and standard deviation X 19 20 21 22 23
are both expressed into two decimal places while variance is up to four decimal
P(X) 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1
places to lessen rounding error.
2. The number of patients seen in the Emergency Room in any given hour is a
EXAMPLE 2: random variable represented by x. The probability distribution for x is:
Let us take this example,
X 10 11 12 13 14
Suppose that a coin is tossed twice so that the sample space is S = {𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇,
𝑇𝑇}. Let X represents the “number of heads that can come up”, Based on the P(X) 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
prepared discrete probability distributions of the random variable X.

Outcome or Sample Point HH HT TH TT