This document summarizes the numerical modeling of combustion using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It describes the basic combustion reactions, ideal versus real combustion, and pollution byproducts. It then outlines the CFD research method, including identifying the problem and flow regimes, listing variables, governing equations, preprocessing such as geometry and meshing, calculation methods, and postprocessing techniques like temperature distribution plots. It emphasizes mixture fraction modeling for non-premixed combustion simulations and discusses validation of the numerical results.
This document summarizes the numerical modeling of combustion using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It describes the basic combustion reactions, ideal versus real combustion, and pollution byproducts. It then outlines the CFD research method, including identifying the problem and flow regimes, listing variables, governing equations, preprocessing such as geometry and meshing, calculation methods, and postprocessing techniques like temperature distribution plots. It emphasizes mixture fraction modeling for non-premixed combustion simulations and discusses validation of the numerical results.
This document summarizes the numerical modeling of combustion using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It describes the basic combustion reactions, ideal versus real combustion, and pollution byproducts. It then outlines the CFD research method, including identifying the problem and flow regimes, listing variables, governing equations, preprocessing such as geometry and meshing, calculation methods, and postprocessing techniques like temperature distribution plots. It emphasizes mixture fraction modeling for non-premixed combustion simulations and discusses validation of the numerical results.
This document summarizes the numerical modeling of combustion using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It describes the basic combustion reactions, ideal versus real combustion, and pollution byproducts. It then outlines the CFD research method, including identifying the problem and flow regimes, listing variables, governing equations, preprocessing such as geometry and meshing, calculation methods, and postprocessing techniques like temperature distribution plots. It emphasizes mixture fraction modeling for non-premixed combustion simulations and discusses validation of the numerical results.
“Combustion (burning) is a chemical process in which fuel reacts with an
oxidant to give out heat. The release of heat can produce light in the form of flame. A car engine and a rocket engine both work by combustion. Combustion in a car motor is different from combustion in a rocket engine.” Method to Solve Engineering Problems
THEORETICAL NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTAL
• Pendekatan klasik • Metode matematik • Pengukuran aktual • 100% akurat • Pendekatan asumsi • Menghabiskan banyak • Mendekati solusi • Tidak perlu prototype waktu sebenarnya • Bisa diaplikasikan • Mahal • Diaplikasikan untuk • untuk geometri rumit • Hanya bisa diuji jika • geometri sederhana • Akurasi hasil tergantung • ada prototype operator software • Minimal 3-5 prototype diuji hingga hasil konsisten BLACK BOX
GEOMETRY RESULT
INPUT DATA CFD RESEARCH METHOD 1. PROBLEM 2. FLOW REGIMES 3. VARIABLE IDENTIFICATION IDENTIFICATIONS LISTING
Turbulent Mixing 3. VARIABLE LISTING HEAT TURBULENCE 2 CHEMICAL FLOW 4 TRANSFER 1 REACTION 2 • Tekanan (P) • Suhu (T) • Turbulence Kinetic • Mixture Fraction • Kecepatan x (Vx) Energy (K) (f) • Kecepatan y (Vy) • Turbulence • Mixture Fraction • Kecepatan z (Vz) Dissipasion Energy Variance (f2) (Ɛ)
9 Variabel belum diketahui sehingga butuh 9 persamaan untuk mencari solusinya
4. GOVERNING EQUATIONS ”Governing equation merupakan persamaan yang mengatur hukum-hukum konservasi di alam semesta”
In Out • Transient • Convection • Diffusion Gen • Source 4. GOVERNING EQUATIONS ”Governing equation merupakan persamaan yang mengatur hukum-hukum konservasi di alam semesta”
KekekalanMassa Kekekalan Momentum(x,y,z) KekekalanEnergi KekekalanTKE KekekalanTDE KekekalanMixtureFraction Kekekalan Mixture FractionVariance 4. GOVERNING EQUATIONS How toconfigure governing equation in fluent interface? (1) General GoverningEquation
Kekekalan TKEdanTDE 4. GOVERNING EQUATIONS TURBULEN KINETIK ENERGI VS TURBULEN DISIPASI ENERGI TDE
TKE TKE
TKE
Kekekalan Mixture Fraction & Variance NON-PREMIXED COMBUSTION Species • Menghitung seluruh Transport mass fraction species • Membutuhkan waktu perhitungan yangcukup lama Non- Premixed Combustion
• Hanya menghitung mixture fraction(f) Mixture Fraction • Waktuperhitungannya singkat MENGAPA MIXTURE FRACTION ? Mixture Fraction memiliki relasi linear yang Temperature (T) unik terhadap berbagai variable pada spesies.(ANSYS, 2017)
Mixture Air Mole Fraction(Xa) Fraction Mean Density (𝜌)
[Periodic] Inlet-Fuel Inlet-Air [Massflow inlet] [Massflow inlet] f =1 CH4 90.45% C2H6 2.12% f =0 C3H8 2.66% N2 78.99% C4H10 1.22% O2 21.01% C5H12 0.39% C6H14 0.26% CO2 1.96% N2 0.95% 6. CALCULATION METHOD Semi-Implicit Metode perhitungan Method for SIMPLE Algorithm Pressure menggunakannilai P (Pressure) sebagai Linked factor koreksi untuk Equations nilai-nilai lain. 6. CALCULATION METHOD Under Relaxation URFtidakmemengaruhi Factor tingkatakurasi hasil. Pemilihan URF berdasarkan TRIAL & ERROR, nilainya selalu berbedauntukberbagai kasus.
Under Relaxation Factor (URF) merupakan konstanta yang berfungsi untuk menentukan nilai prediksi pada iterasi berikutnya. Nilai URF diubah-ubah agar mencapai kestabilan nilai residual dan konsistensinilai. 8. POST PROCESSING
Polyhedral Mesh 8. POST PROCESSING
DistribusiTemperatursepanjangsumbuZ DistribusiTemperatursepanjangsumbuY 8. POST PROCESSING Temperaturkeluar CC: T (Max) =2411.6062 K Distribusi T (Mean)=1781.9636 K Temperatur T(Min)=1046.7605K
Streamline 8. POST PROCESSING
DistribusiCH4
DistribusiCO 8. POST PROCESSING
DistribusiCO2
DistribusiO2 8. POST PROCESSING EmisiOutlet
DistribusiH2O 9. NUMERICAL VALIDATION
Validasi numerik bertujuan untuk meyakinkan bahwa simulasi sudah
dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur reduksi error dalam perhitungan numerik. Sehingga, walaupun penelitian tidak divalidasi dengan hasil eksperimen, akan didapatkan hasil yangakurat. Setidaknya ada4 kriteria validasi numerik : • Grid independency test • Residual convergence criteria • konsistensi nilai • mass flow inlet-outlet difference Grid Indenpendency test
Grid indenpency test dilakukan untuk menentukan bahwa
hasil simulasi tidak lagi bergantung pada jumlah grid dan memiliki hasil yangkonsisten.
Gambardisamping merupakancontohgrid independency
test headpompa axial. Semakinbanyakjumlah grid maka nilai headakan konstan.Jumlah grid yangdipilih adalah jumlah grid terkecil agar menghemat waktusimulasi. residualconvergencecriteria
Nilai residual dikatakan
konvergen ketika dibawah kriteria yang ditentukan. Secara default residual yang dipilih fluent adalah 10-3 Konsistensi hasil
Walaupun residual sudah di bawah kriteria, perlu dipastikan juga salah satu nilai tercapture (misal suhu outlet) telah konsisten. Jika nilai telah konsisten, maka kalkulasi dapat diberhentikan. Massflow Difference
