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MST-004 Statistical Inference: Testing of Hypothesis

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52 views

MST-004 Statistical Inference: Testing of Hypothesis

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vikrammoolchandani
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MST-004

STATISTICAL
Indira Gandhi
National Open University INFERENCE
School of Sciences

Block

3
TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
UNIT 9
Concepts of Testing of Hypothesis 5
UNIT 10
Large Sample Tests 25
UNIT 11
Small Sample Tests 63
UNIT 12
Chi-Square and F-Tests 91
Curriculum and Course Design Committee
Prof. K. R. Srivathasan Prof. Rahul Roy
Pro-Vice Chancellor Math. and Stat. Unit
IGNOU, New Delhi Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi

Prof. Parvin Sinclair Dr. Diwakar Shukla


Pro-Vice Chancellor Department of Mathematics and Statistics
IGNOU, New Delhi Dr. Hari Singh Gaur University, Sagar

Prof. Geeta Kaicker Prof. Rakesh Srivastava


Director, School of Sciences Department of Statistics
IGNOU, New Delhi M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara

Prof. Jagdish Prasad Prof. G. N. Singh


Department of Statistics Department of Applied Mathematics
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur I.S.M., Dhanbad

Prof. R. M. Pandey Dr. Gulshan Lal Taneja


Department of Bio-Statistics Department of Mathematics
All India Institute of Medical Sciences M.D. University, Rohtak
New Delhi
Faculty members of School of Sciences, IGNOU
Statistics Mathematics
Dr. Neha Garg Dr. Deepika
Dr. Nitin Gupta Prof. Poornima Mital
Mr. Rajesh Kaliraman Prof. Sujatha Varma
Dr. Manish Trivedi Dr. S. Venkataraman

Block Preparation Team


Dr. Ramkishan (Editor) Dr. Diwakar Shukla (Units 1 - 4)
Department of Statistics Department of Mathematics and Statistics
D. A. V. (PG) College Dr. Hari Singh Gaur University, Sagar
C.C. S. University, Merrut
Mr. Prabhat Kumar Sangal (Units 1 - 4)
Dr. Parmod Kumar (Language Editor) School of Sciences, IGNOU
School of Humanities, IGNOU

Course Coordinator: Mr. Prabhat Kumar Sangal


Programme Coordinator: Dr. Manish Trivedi

Block Production
Mr. Sunil Kumar, AR (P),School of Sciences, IGNOU
CRC prepared by Mr. Prabhat Kumar Sangal, School of Sciences, IGNOU

Acknowledgement: I gratefully acknowledge my colleague Mr. Rajesh Kaliraman, Statistics


Discipline, School of Sciences for their great support.

July, 2013
© Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2013
ISBN-978-81-266-
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other
means, without permission in writing from the Indira Gandhi National Open University.

Further information on the Indira Gandhi National Open University may be obtained from University’s
Office at Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 or visit University’s website http://www.ignou.ac.in

Printed and published on behalf of the Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi by the
Director, School of Sciences.

Printed at:
TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
In previous block of this course, we have discussed one part of statistical
inference, that is, estimation and we have learnt how we estimate the unknown
population parameter(s) by using point estimation and interval estimation.
In this block we will focus on the second part of statistical inference which is
known as testing of hypothesis.
In this block, you will study the basic concept of testing of hypothesis and
different kinds of well-known tests. At the end of this block you will be aware
of the idea, procedure and applications of the hypothesis testing. This block
contains four units.
Unit 9: Concepts of Testing of Hypothesis
This unit explains the fundamental aspect relating to testing of hypothesis with
examples. It describes basic concepts and methodologies as hypothesis,
critical region, types of errors, level of significance, general procedure of
testing a hypothesis, concept of p-value, relation between confidence interval
and testing of hypothesis.
Unit 10: Large Sample Tests
This unit explores the procedure of testing the hypothesis based on one sample
and two samples when sample size is large and taken from normal or non-
normal population(s). In this unit, you will learn about Z-test for testing of
hypothesis about mean, difference of two means, proportion, difference of two
proportions, variance and equality of two variances.
Unit 11: Small Sample Tests
This unit is devoted to test a hypothesis based on one sample and two samples
when sample sizes are small. In this unit, you will learn about t-test for testing
of hypothesis about mean and difference of two means. This unit also explores
the idea for testing the hypothesis for equality of two means when samples are
dependent and testing of hypothesis about population correlation coefficient.
Unit 12: Chi-square and F Tests
The last unit of this block describes the chi-square test for population variance
and F-test for equality of two population variances.
Notations and Symbols
X1, X2, …, Xn : Random sample of size n
H0 : Null hypothesis
H1 or HA : Alternative hypothesis
 : Critical (rejection) region
 : Non-rejection region
α : Size of critical region or type-I error or level of significance
 : Type-II error
1‒ : Power of the test
z : Critical value of Z-test at α level of significance

t   ,  : Critical value of t-test with ν degrees of freedom at α level


of significance
2,  : Critical value of χ2-test with ν degrees of freedom at α level
of significance
F 1 , 2 ,  : Critical value of F-test with (ν1, ν2) degrees of freedom at α
level of significance

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