S Vocabulary reference

Clothes Functional language

boots (n) /buːts/ Making suggestions
cap (n) /kæp/ Let’s (go to the cinema).
dress (n) /dres/
hat (n) /hæt/ What about (going to the park)?
jacket (n) /ˈdʒækɪt/
jeans (n) /dʒiːnz/ Do you want to (play computer games)?
jumper (n) /ˈdʒʌmpə(r)/
sandals (n) /ˈsændlz/ Shall we (order pizza)?
shirt (n) /ʃɜːt/
shoes (n) /ʃuːz/ Giving opinions
shorts (n) /ʃɔːts/ That’s a good idea.
skirt (n) /skɜːt/
socks (n) /sɒks/ I love / don’t really like it / them.
sweatshirt (n) /ˈswetʃɜːt/
tights (n) /taɪts/ I’m not sure.
trainers (n) /ˈtreɪnəz/
trousers (n) /ˈtraʊzəz/ I prefer … to … .
T-shirt (n) /ˈtiː ʃɜːt/
I don’t want to do that – it’s boring.
Free-time activities
That sounds interesting.
chat online (v) /tʃæt ˌɒnˈlaɪn/
go for a pizza (v) /ˌɡəʊ fɔː(r) ə ˈpiːtsə/

go shopping (v) /ˌɡəʊ ˈʃɒpɪŋ/

go swimming (v) /ˌɡəʊ ˈswɪmɪŋ/
go to the cinema (v) /ˌɡəʊ tə ðə ˈsɪnəmə/

hang out with friends (v) /hæŋ ˌaʊt wɪθ ˈfrendz/

listen to music (v) /ˌlɪsn tə ˈmjuːzɪk/

play an instrument (v) /ˌpleɪ æn ˈɪnstrəmənt/

play computer games (v) /ˌpleɪ kəmˈpjuːtə(r) ɡeɪmz/

play sport (v) /ˌpleɪ ˈspɔːt/

read books (v) /ˌriːd ˈbʊks/
watch TV (v) /wɒtʃ ˌtiː ˈviː/

80 Starter unit
 S Vocabulary practice
Review of Level 1 Free-time activities
1 Complete the missing letters in the words. Then 3 Complete the sentences with the words.
match them with the definitions 1–10.
books  chat  to the cinema  computer games
10 bedroom go (x2)  an instrument  online  play (x2)
ra it
read shopping
get dre ed I read books in the evening, before I go to bed.
sta room
My favourite author is R. J. Palacios.

sk ng 1 I never  . I prefer watching

ch se films at home.
2 I don’t very often, but I
fo y
compa like The Sims.
3 I usually in the city
ho or centre. I like buying presents for my friends.
touch scr n
4 I don’t  , but I’d like to
1 It’s a pet with long ears. learn the guitar one day.
2 It helps you find north, south, east and west. 5 My friend lives in Australia so we
3 It’s a food made from milk. every weekend.
4 It’s a scary type of film with monsters, etc.
5 It means ‘put on your clothes’. Consolidation
6 People do this in the mountains.
7 Teachers go there at break time.
4 Choose the correct options. What is Mike’s job?
8 It’s dangerous to drive when the weather is
like this.
9 You don’t need a mouse if your computer has
one of these.
A day in my life
10 It’s where you sleep. I get / go up very early every morning – at 4 a.m. –
and I (1) make / have a shower. It’s very cold early
in the morning, so I wear a (2) jacket / T-shirt and
Clothes
(3) shorts / trousers . My car arrives at 4.45 and I
go to the studio. My show starts at 6 a.m. On today’s
2 Label the clothes. Then answer the question.
programme we have a man who (4) plays / goes
h  football for England and a girl who (5) does / goes
street dance. At 9 a.m., the show finishes. I go home
and sleep, and then I have lunch. I often (6) have / go
for a pizza. In the evening, I listen to (7) music / TV.
s  d 
I don’t have time to (8) hang out / see with my friends
during the week, but we sometimes (9) watch / chat
b  online. I (10) am / go to bed very early – usually at 8 p.m.!

t 
Mike is …
Which word is always plural?  a a TV presenter.   b  an actor   c  a footballer

Starter unit 81
 S Grammar reference
Present simple Present continuous

Afirmativa e negativa Afirmativa

I / You / We / They play / don’t play I’m
tennis. He’s / She’s / It’s studying.
He / She / It plays / doesn’t play
You’re / We’re / They’re
Interrogativa
Negativa
Do I / you / we / they
play tennis? I’m not
Does he /she / it He / She / It isn’t studying.
You / We / They aren’t
Respostas breves
Yes, I do. No, I don’t. Interrogativa
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Am I
Is he / she / it studying?
A ortografía dalgúns verbos cambia a forma
afirmativa da 3ª persoa (he, she, it): Are you / we / they
•  Verbos acabados en -y (study) ➞ -ies (studies). Respostas breves
•  Verbos acabados en -sh / -ch / -s / -th / -x
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
(watch) ➞ -es (watches).
Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
Para construír as formas negativa e interrogativa do
present simple, utilízase o verbo auxiliar do. Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
 I don’t like cheese.   Does she go to school?
Usos
Na lingua oral adóitanse empregar as formas
Utilízase o present continuous para describir
contratas (don’t / doesn’t).
accións que ocorren mentres falamos.
Usos
Algúns verbos “de estado” (stative) non se
Utilízase o present simple para referirse as accións
utilizan na forma continua: understand, know,
que se repiten e a feitos que se consideran certos.
think, like, love, hate.
 I watch TV every day.   He lives in Madrid.
  Do you like fruit? (NO Are you liking fruit.)
Have é un verbo de estado cando indica
Adverbs of frequency posesión.
 I have a laptop. (NO I’m having a laptop.)
100%0%
always usually often sometimes never Verb + -ing / noun
Utilízanse estes adverbios para indicar a frecuencia Utilizamos like / love / hate + substantivo para dar
coa que realizamos as accións. Adoitan empregarse opinións.
con verbos no present simple. Colócanse detrás do Empregamos like / love / hate + verbo para opinar
verbo be, e diante do resto dos verbos. sobre actividades.
 We usually eat at 9 p.m.  He is often late.   I like pop music. (thing)  I love reading. (activity)
Do you like + -ing / substantivo utilízase en
Question words interrogativa.
Nas respostas utilizamos os pronomes it ou them
As partículas interrogativas (what, when, where, etc.)
para evitar repetir o verbo ou o substantivo.
encabezan preguntas para obter información.
Substantivo en plural ➞ them
  How often do you listen to music?
  ‘Do you like biscuits?’ ‘I love them.’
  When is his birthday?
Substantivo en singular ou forma en -ing ➞ it
  ‘Do you like music?’ ‘I love it.’
82 Starter unit   ‘Do you like chatting online?’ ‘I hate it.’
 S Grammar practice
Present simple Present continuous
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Write affirmative (✓) and negative (✗) sentences
the verbs in the box. and questions (?). Use the present continuous.
where / Ian / sit (?)
eat go not live not play study watch
Where is Ian sitting?
Nina studies for her exams every night. 1 Leo / listen / to the teacher (✗)
1 he TV every evening?
2 I tennis. It’s so boring! 2 they / study / Chemistry / this year (?)
3 Tom swimming on Mondays.
4 What you for 3 I / chat / online / to my friend (✓)
breakfast?
5 Sara in Gijón. Her flat’s in Oviedo. 4 we / watch / a DVD / tonight (✗)

Adverbs of frequency 5 Sasha / clean / her room / at the moment (✓)

2 Rewrite the bold words correctly. One sentence
is correct.
Verb + -ing / noun
Always I get up before 7 a.m.
I always get up 5 Annalise is studying to become a vet. Choose the
1 Ben goes never to school by bus. correct options to complete the interview.

2 He watches sometimes TV late at night.

3 It often is very cold here in winter.

4 I don’t usually go out during the week.

Question words
3 Complete the questions 1–5 with question words. Q What are you doing today?
Then match them to answers a–f.
A I’m helping at a local dogs’ home.
What do you like doing in your free time?  f Q Do / Does you like dogs?
1 is their flat? A Yes, I love (1) it / them . I like (2) help / helping
2 doesn’t eat meat? all animals. But my favourite animals are horses.
3 do you study maths? Q Do you like (3) riding / ride horses?
4 jacket do you want? A I love (4) it / them. I often ride my horse, Polly, in
5 do your lessons start? the morning, before I go to college.
a Carolina. d In Paris. Q That sounds amazing!
b Because I like it. e At 8.45 a.m. A Yes, but I don’t like (5) get / getting up early.
c The green one. f Listening to music.
Starter unit 83
 1 Vocabulary reference
Events Learn it!
clap (v) /klæp/ Confusing words
competition (n) /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ angry (adj) /ˈæŋɡri/
crowd (n) /kraʊd/ hungry (adj) /ˈhʌŋɡri/
display (n) /dɪˈspleɪ/
fan (n) /fæn/ Functional language
hold (v) /həʊld/
laugh (v) /lɑːf/ Talking about school
performer (n) /pəˈfɔːmə(r)/ What’s your favourite subject?
scream (v) /skriːm/
stage (n) /steɪdʒ/ … is my favourite / least favourite subject.
take part (v) /teɪk ˈpɑːt/
I prefer …
take place (v) /teɪk ˈpleɪs/

Are you good at …?

Adjectives
I’m (not very) good at / (not) bad at …
angry (adj) /ˈæŋɡri/
bored (adj) /bɔːd/
Who’s your teacher?
calm (adj) /kɑːm/
energetic (adj) /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/
What’s he / she like?
excited (adj) /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/
lonely (adj) /ˈləʊnli/
What time do you ...?
nervous (adj) /ˈnɜːvəs/
positive (adj) /ˈpɒzətɪv/ We have … from … to …
relaxed (adj) /rɪˈlækst/
scared (adj) /skeəd/
surprised (adj) /səˈpraɪzd/
tired (adj) /ˈtaɪəd/

Scout camps
campfire (n) /ˈkæmpfaɪə(r)/
campsite (n) /ˈkæmpsaɪt/
expedition (n) /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/
field (n) /fiːld/
scout (n) /skaʊt/
skill (n) /skɪl/
tent (n) /tent/

84 Unit 1  What’s on? 

 1 Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the missing vowels (a, e, i, o or u). Then 3 Complete the tips with the words in the box.
complete the sentences with the words.
campfire campsite expedition field tent skill
display p   rf   rmer scr      m

l      gh t   k place h   ld Before you go on your first expedition,

read these tips!
There was an amazing synchronised swimming •  Don’t take a heavy bag
display on TV last night. Don’t fill your backpack with unnecessary
1 In which month does the Benicàssim Festival things, or you’ll get tired very quickly. Two
 ? important things are a sleeping bag and a
2 I’m really scared of spiders. I (1)  .
•  Learn how to make a (2)
every time I see one.
This is an important (3) for
3 We want to a rock concert to hikers.
raise money for our new school library. Never light your fire near trees.
4 Justin Timberlake is a talented •  Take a map and a compass
who can act and sing. Most national parks are huge and it’s easy to
5 I didn’t once during that film. get lost. Always take a good map. A map will
help you find a good (4) for
It wasn’t funny at all.
your (5) every evening.
2 How does the man feel?
4 Complete the words.

I’ll never forget the first time I …

… performed on a stage
When I was six, I (1) t 
p  in the school play. I felt
surprised 1  s  (2) n  when I saw the big
(3) cr  of parents in the school hall.
But at the end, everyone (4) cl 
and it was a great feeling!
… travelled abroad.
Three years ago, my mum won a trip to
New York in a (5) c   . We were
(6) t  after the flight, but we were
(7) ex  to be in New York, so we
2 a  3  r  went straight to the Empire State Building.
The view from the top is incredible.
… went camping.
I wasn’t very (8) p  about it at first.
I didn’t want to spend the night in a sleeping
bag in a (9) t   . But in the evening
we had a (10) c  and sang songs,
and I had a brilliant time. Now I’m a big

(11) f  of camping.
4 t  5  n 

What’s on?  Unit 1 85

 1 Grammar reference
Past simple (there) was / were

Afirmativa was / were

played. Afirmativa
I / You / He / She / It / We / They
went. I / He / She / It was tired.
You / We / They were tired.
Negativa
Negativa
play.
I / You / He / She / It / We / They didn’t I / He / She / It wasn’t tired.
go.
You / We / They weren’t tired.
Interrogativa
Interrogativa
play?
Did I / you / he / she / it / we / they Was I / he / she / it tired?
go? Were you / we / they tired?

Respostas breves Respostas breves

Yes, did. Yes, I / he / she / it was.
I / you / he / she / it / we / they Yes, you / we / they were.
No, didn’t.
No, I / he / she / it wasn’t.
A forma do pasado é a mesma para todas as No, you / we / they weren’t.
persoas do verbo. Para construír a afirmativa dos
verbos regulares engadimos -ed. Nalgúns casos Was e were son as formas do pasado de be.
hai que facer cambios na ortografía: Be ten formas de singular e plural para o past
•  Nos verbos acabados en -e (arrive, practise) simple.
➞ omítese o -e e engadimos -d (arrived,  I was angry.  We weren’t relaxed.
practised). Tamén ten formas de interrogativa e negativa.
•  Nos verbos acabados en -y (study) ➞ -ied Non utilizamos did / didn’t.
(studied).  Skirts weren’t popular.   Were you happy?
•  Nos verbos acabados en (ou formados por)
consoante + vogal + consoante (rob, travel) there was / there were
➞ duplica a consoante final e engadimos -ed Afirmativa y negativa
(robbed, travelled).
There was a band. There were musicians.
A negativa se constrúe con didn’t + o infinitivo There wasn’t a band. There weren’t musicians.
sen to.
 She didn’t travel by bus. Interrogativa e respostas breves
A interrogativa fórmase con did + o infinitivo Was there a band? Were there musicians?
sen to. Did colócase diante do suxeito e pode ir
Yes, there was. / Yes, there wasn’t.
precedido por unha partícula interrogativa.
No, there wasn’t. / No, there weren’t.
  Did you go out yesterday?   What did you do?
Os verbos irregulares teñen as súas propias There was / were son as formas de pasado de
formas do pasado e non adoitan acabar en there is / are.
-ed (busca a lista na páxina 120). Nas formas There was / wasn’t fan referencia a unha cousa
interrogativa e negativa os verbos irregulares ou persoa. Colócase a / an / some diante do
funcionan igual que os regulares. substantivo.
Usos   There was a banana.  There was some milk.
Utilízase o past simple para describir accións e There were / weren’t refírense a máis dunha
situación que se completaron no pasado. cousa ou persoa.
 What did you do last summer?  There were two girls.
As frases en past simple utilízanse se sabemos There were lots of books.
o momento no que sucedeu algo. Adoitan incluír En negativa e interrogativa, any acompaña
expresións do pasado. a substantivos incontables e substantivos
 I arrived yesterday morning. contables en plural.
86 Unit 1  What’s on?   There wasn’t any cola.
Were there any good shops?
 1 Grammar practice
Past simple (there) was / were
1 Complete the sentences with the past simple 3 How was Victoria Square different in 1950?
form of the verbs. Complete the sentences with was, were, wasn’t
I dropped (drop) my tablet, but it didn’t break or weren’t.
(not break).
1950
1 My mum (ask) me to buy some
bread, but I (forget).
2 I (not call) you because I
(think) you were on holiday.
3 They (travel) here by car because
they (miss) the bus.
4 She (buy) an expensive phone and
ket
rmar
she (lose) it a week later. NOW supe

5 The train (stop) in a tunnel, so we

(arrive) late.
6 I (go) to the party, but I
(not see) you there. ket
rmar
supe

2 Write past simple sentences, questions and short

answers to make a dialogue. There were lots of trees.
A where / you / go / last summer / ? 1 There a supermarket.
Where did you go last summer? 2 There a fountain.
B (1) I / go / to Ireland for a wedding. 3 There a bus stop.
4 There any cars.
A (2) how long / you / stay / there / ? 5 There any tall buildings.
4 Cover the picture of the square in 1950. Then
B (3) we / stay / for a week complete the questions. Can you remember
the answers?
A (4) it / rain? How many people were there? There were five
people.
B (5) no / it 1 any cars?

A (6) you / have / fun / ? 2 a statue in the middle of the square?

B (7) yes / we 3 a bus?

4 What kind of shop next to the
café?

5 any trees?

What’s on?  Unit 1 87

 2 Vocabulary reference
Materials Learn it!
cardboard (n) /ˈkɑːdbɔːd/ Confusing words
ceramic (n) /səˈræmɪk/ rare (adj) /reə(r)/
cotton (n) /ˈkɒtn/ strange (adj) /streɪndʒ/
glass (n) /ɡlɑːs/
gold (n) /ɡəʊld/ Functional language
leather (n) /ˈleðə(r)/
metal (n) /ˈmetl/ Describing objects
paper (n) /ˈpeɪpə(r)/ I lost my … yesterday / last week.
plastic (n) /ˈplæstɪk/
rubber (n) /ˈrʌbə(r)/ Where did you lose it?
silver (n) /ˈsɪlvə(r)/
wood (n) /wʊd/ I left my … on the …
wool (n) /wʊl/
Can you describe it?

Containers
What’s it made of?
bottle (n) /ˈbɒtl/
bowl (n) /bəʊl/ It’s made of …
box (n) /bɒks/
can (n) /kæn/ How big is it?
carton (n) /ˈkɑːtn/
case (n) /keɪs/ It’s (quite / not very) big / small …
cup (n) /kʌp/
envelope (n) /ˈenvələʊp/ Is this it?
glass (n) /ɡlɑːs/
jar (n) /dʒɑː(r)/ Is it this one / any of these?
packet (n) /ˈpækɪt/
tin (n) /tɪn/ Yes, that’s it! Thank you.

Sea journeys
crew (n) /kruː/
iceberg (n) /ˈaɪsbɜːɡ/
lifeboat (n) /ˈlaɪfbəʊt/
luggage (n) /ˈlʌɡɪdʒ/
passenger (n) /ˈpæsɪndʒə/
survivor (n) /səˈvaɪvə/
wreck (n) /rek/

88 Unit 2 Discoveries 
 2 Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the names of the materials. 3 In A, there’s one big of jam, but in B,
there are two small of jam.
4 In A, there’s a small of biscuits, but
cotton in B, there’s a big of biscuits.
5 In A, there are two of tomatoes,
1 m  but in B, there’s one of beans.

3 Complete the questions and answers.

Why did the Titanic sink?
Because it crashed into an iceberg.
2 l  
1 Were there enough l   s for
everyone?
3 w  No, there weren’t.
2 How many people were travelling on the ship?
There were 2,224 p   s and 900
c   w.
4 g 
3 How many s   s were there?
Only 705 people survived. Many more died.
5 c  4 Did they find the w   k?
Yes, they did, but not until 1985.

4 Complete the quiz. Then use the third letter of

each answer to make a mystery word. (Clue: It’s a
6 r  container and it’s also a material.)

7 w  They’re the bags that you take when you

travel. luggage

2 Look at the shopping baskets and find six 1 It’s a precious metal. It’s more expensive
differences. Complete the sentences (1–5). than silver. 

A B
2 It’s a material used to make shoes, belts
and wallets. 

3 It’s a plastic container for a DVD. 

In A, there’s a bottle of cola, but in B, there’s a
4 It’s a person who travels on transport. 
can of cola.
1 In A, there’s one of cereal, but in B,
there are two of cereal.
2 In A, there’s a of orange juice, but in The mystery word is  .
B, there’s a of apple juice.

Discoveries  Unit 2 89
 2 Grammar reference
Past continuous Past continuous and past simple

Afirmativa Moitas veces utilizamos o past continuous

I / He / She / It was co past simple para indicar que unha acción
eating. sucedeu no medio doutra. O past continuous
You / We / They were describe a acción máis longa, e o past simple, a
máis breve.
Negativa She was writing an email when her phone
I / He / She / It wasn’t rang.
eating.
You / We / They weren’t
• agora
Interrogativa
ela comezou a o seu teléfono
Was I / he / she / it escribir un email soou
eating?
Were you / we / they
Nas narracións utilizamos o past simple para
Respostas breves describir os feitos e accións máis importantes da
historia.
Yes, I / he / she / it was. Suddenly, a car stopped next to them, and its
Yes, you / we / they were. door opened.
No, I / he / she / it wasn’t. Moitas veces utilizamos o past continuous para
No, you / we / they weren’t. ofrecer información do contexto ou explicar o
porqué dunha situación.
Algúns verbos cambian a súa ortografía ao The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
engadir -ing: Katie and her friends were walking home from
•  Nos verbos acabados en -e (write, practise) a party. They were feeling cold and tired.
➞ omítese o -e e engadimos -ing (writing,
practising). when / while
•  Nos verbos acabados en (ou formados por) As frases que describen accións en past
consoante + vogal + consoante (sit, swim) ➞ continuous e past simple inclúen moitas veces
duplícase a consoante final e engadimos -ing when e while.
(sitting, swimming). When colócase diante da acción en past simple.
Usos She was writing an email when her phone rang.
O past continuous describe accións que se While vai diante da acción en past continuous.
estaban a producir nun momento concreto do While she was writing an email, her phone
pasado. Con moita frecuencia as frases en past rang.
continuous inclúen a hora. as for simultaneous actions
At nine o’clock last night, I was watching TV. Moitas veces utilízase as con dous verbos en
He wasn’t doing his homework last night. past continuous para referirse a dúas accións
‘Were you walking to school at 8.15?’ prolongadas que sucedían ao mesmo tempo.
‘Yes, we were.’ As we were swimming in the sea, my mum
was reading a book.

90 Unit 2 Discoveries 
 2 Grammar practice
Past continuous Past continuous and past simple
1 Write the -ing forms of the verbs. 4 Look at the timelines and complete
swim swimming the sentences.

1 watch I eat dinner

2 have
you phone me
3 stop
4 get I was eating dinner when you phoned me.
5 travel they watch a DVD
6 take
John arrives
2 Complete the sentences with the correct past
1 While they  , John
continuous form of the verbs.
 .
feel get look not listen sit talk wait Sergio travels in the USA

We were looking for the museum. he visits the Grand Canyon

1 After a week at home, I 2 Sergio while he
very bored.
 .
2 Sorry, I to you! What did
I listen to the radio
you say?
3 Samir for the bus at 6.30. I hear my favourite song
4 they 3 While I  ,
about me? I  .
5 I there! That’s your chair
I the waitress carries my soup
over there.
6 Where was she? she she falls over
changed after PE?
4 The waitress when she
3 Write past continuous sentences.  .
I / write / a letter at eight o’clock / .
I was writing a letter at eight o’clock. as + past continuous
1 you / watch / the Olympics / on TV / ?
5 Write sentences using as + past continuous.
2 we / not drink / coffee / . the baby / cry / I / try / to sleep / .
The baby was crying as I was trying to sleep.
3 Leo / not do / his history homework / . 1 my friends / chat / I / study / .

4 where / they / play / football / ? 2 I / listen to music / I / tidy / my room / .

5 we / not live / in London / in 2014 / . 3 Jack / finish / his homework / his mum / drive /
him / to school / .


6 she / listen / to music / ? / no / she / .


Discoveries  Unit 2 91
 3 Vocabulary reference
Parts of the body a temperature (n) /ə ˈtemprətʃə(r)/
toothache (n) /ˈtuːθeɪk/
ankle (n) /ˈæŋkl/
hurt my ankle (v) /ˌhɜːt maɪ ˈæŋkl/
back (n) /bæk/
blood (n) /blʌd/
bone (n) /bəʊn/ Learn it!
brain (n) /breɪn /
Transitive and intransitive
chest (n) /tʃest/
My back hurts.
finger (n) /ˈfɪŋɡə(r)/
I hurt my back.
heart (n) /hɑːt /
knee (n) /niː/
Functional language
muscle (n) /ˈmʌsl /
neck (n) /nek/ Talking about aches and pains
shoulder (n) /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ Nurse / Doctor
skin (n) /skɪn/ What’s the matter (with …)?
thumb (n) /θʌm/
toe (n) /təʊ/ How do you feel?
wrist (n) /rɪst/
Does it hurt (when …)?
The environment
Let me take your temperature.
crop (n) /krɒp/
decrease (v) /dɪˈkriːs/
Patient
eco-friendly (adj) /ˌiːkəʊ ˈfrendli/
I don’t feel very well.
fossil fuels (n) /ˈfɒsl ˌfjuːəlz/
global warming (n) /ˌɡləʊbl  ˈwɔːmɪŋ/
I feel ill / sick / terrible.
greenhouse gas (n) /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ˌɡæs/
increase (v) /ɪnˈkriːs/
I’ve got a bad cold / a sore throat / a cough.
pollution (n) /pəˈluːʃn/
produce (v) /prəˈdjuːs/
I’ve got toothache / stomach ache / a headache.
run out (v) /rʌn ˈaʊt/

My back / throat / stomach / head hurts.

Illness
I hurt my ankle.
(my) back hurts /maɪ ˈbæk ˌhɜːts/
a cold (n) /ə ˈkəʊld/
a cough (n) /ə ˈkɒf/
the flu (n) /ðə ˈfluː/
a headache (n) /ə ˈhedeɪk/
a sore throat (n) /ə ˌsɔː(r) ˈθrəʊt/
stomach ache (n) /ˈstʌmək eɪk/

92 Unit 3  People and the planet 

 3 Vocabulary practice
1 Complete 1 3 Match 1–5 with a–f.
the puzzle. I can’t talk loudly.  f
2 3 4 5 1 Please don’t walk so fast!   
H E A R T
2 My head feels really hot. 
6
3 I need to see a dentist. 
4 I can’t carry that box. 
7 8
5 Please be quiet! 

a I think I’ve got a temperature.

b I’ve got a bad headache.

Across c I’ve hurt my ankle.

2 It beats around 70 times a minute. d I’ve got toothache.
4 Your heart is inside it. e My back hurts.
7 If you do exercise, these will grow stronger. f I’ve got a sore throat.
Down
4 Which option can’t complete the sentence?
1 You use it for thinking and controlling the other
parts of your body. I’ve got a bad …ache.
3 There’s one of these on each hand. a  head b  throat c  stomach
5 There are five of these on each foot. 1 Cars … air pollution in the city.
6 It moves around your body all the time. a  increase b  produce c  run out
8 It covers your body. 2 A … is part of a hand.
2 Complete the words with the letters in the box. a  toe b  finger c  thumb
3 We must stop producing … .
crea loba oduc rien ssil utio a  global warming   b  greenhouse gases
c  crops
4 Your … is below your neck.
a  heart b  brain c  chest
5 A … is a common symptom of flu.
•  If you turn off the TV when you aren’t using a  sore throat b  temperature c  hurt ankle
it, you’ll save energy. Your electricity bills will
decrease too!
•  Buy your food from local farmers and
(1) pr   e delicious and
(2) eco-f   dly meals!
•  Ask your local politicians what they’re doing
about traffic (3) poll   n in your area.
•  Find out how your home or school can burn
fewer (4) fo   l fuels, and use wind or
solar power instead.
•  Learn about the effects of (5) g   l
warming on plants and animals in your country.

People and the planet  Unit 3 93

 3 Grammar reference
will / won’t First conditional

Afirmativa Afirmativa e negativa

I / You / He / She / It / We / They will go. If we don’t eat meat, we’ll eat insects.
We’ll eat insects if we don’t eat meat.
Negativa
I / You / He / She / It / We / They won’t go. Preguntas de tipo Yes / No
If we don’t eat meat, will we eat insects?
Interrogativa
Will we eat insects if we don’t eat meat?
Will I / you / he / she / it / we / they go?
Respostas breves
Respostas breves
Yes, we will. No, we won’t.
Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they will.
No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they won’t. Preguntas encabezadas por partículas
interrogativas (Wh-)
Formación If we don’t eat meat, what will we eat?
En afirmativa, utilizamos will + infinitivo sen to
What will we eat if we don’t eat meat?
para todas as persoas do verbo.
People will become taller.
Usos
Na lingua oral e en textos informais utilízase a Utilizamos o condicional de primeiro grao para
forma contracta ’ll. describir posibles accións futuras e os seus
We’ll recycle more rubbish. resultados.
A negativa constrúese con will not + infinitivo As condicionais de primeiro grao constan de
sen to. dúas proposicións: a da acción e a do resultado.
We will not do enough exercise.
Na proposición da acción if + present simple.
Na lingua oral e en textos informais adoitase If we use public transport, …
utilizar a forma contracta won’t.
Na proposición do resultado empregamos
People won’t work in offices.
will / won’t + infinitivo sen to.
Nas respostas breves inclúense will ou won’t, … we’ll help the environment.
mais non o verbo principal. Non se emprega a
Algunhas veces utilízase unless no lugar de if
forma contracta ’ll.
para conectar as proposicións. Unless significa
‘Will computers be smaller?’ ‘Yes, they will.’
if … not.
(NO Yes, they’ll.)
Polo tanto unless + verbo en afirmativo significa
Usos
o mesmo que if + verbo en negativa.
Utilízase will para facer predicións sobre o futuro.
The weather will get hotter. Unless it rains,
Will humans become taller? we’ll have a picnic.
If it doesn’t rain,
Podemos comezar a frase condicional coa acción
ou co resultado.
Para formular preguntas pódese engadir
unha partícula interrogativa á proposición do
resultado.
If prices increase, what will we do?
What will we do if prices increase?
Tamén podemos facer preguntas do tipo
Yes / No, e dar respostas breves.
‘If we do less exercise, will we have health
problems?’ = ‘Will we have health problems if
we do less exercise?’
‘Yes, we will.’ / ‘No, we won’t.’

94 Unit 3  People and the planet 

 3 Grammar practice
will / won’t First conditional
1 Complete the sentences with will or won’t. 3 Choose the correct options.
The test is difficult. You won’t find it easy. What do / will we do if the water runs / will run
1 we learn in the same way in the out?
future? 1 Unless we find / will find other energy sources,
2 This bread is very expensive. People there ’s / ’ll be an energy crisis.
buy it. 2 Local people complain / will complain if anyone
3 She’s always late. She arrive on time. builds / will build a wind farm here.
4 It’s a great book, so I think you enjoy it. 3 If humans become / will become taller, our feet
5 they ban cars from the city centre? get / will get bigger too.
6 There are lots of nice people here, so I 4 ‘Do / Will we use less petrol if it gets / will get
be lonely. more expensive?’ ‘Perhaps we do / will.’
5 People won’t / will buy eco-friendly products
2 Write sentences, questions and short answers.
unless they are / will be cheap.
Use will / won’t.
Jaime / not play / in the match / .
4 Complete the text with the correct form of the
verbs.
Jaime won’t play in the match.
1 tablets / cost / less / in ten years / ? Many people say that fossil fuels will run out (run
yes / they / . out). However, scientists predict that the biggest
problem (1) (be) water, not fuel.

If global warming (2) (increase), it

(3) (have) serious consequences. For
2 fossil fuels / run out / in the future / .
example, sea levels (4) (rise), and
it (5) (be) possible to stay in many
3 people / not buy / food from shops / in ten towns and villages near the coast. Unless people
years / . (6) (leave), their homes will flood. In
other places, the land is getting drier. These areas
4 Dan / win / the race / . (7) (become) desert if this situation
(8) (continue).
5 food prices / increase / ? It isn’t too late, but nothing will change unless
we all (9) (take) action. What
(10) (you / do) to help?

flood drought

People and the planet  Unit 3 95

 4 Vocabulary reference
Money Learn it!
buy (v) /baɪ/ Confusing words
cash (n) /kæʃ / earn (v) /ɜːn/
coins (n) /kɔɪnz/ win (v) /wɪn/
donate (v) /dəʊˈneɪt/
earn (v) /ɜːn/ Functional language
notes (n) /nəʊts/
pay for (v) /ˈpeɪ fɔː(r)/ Paying for something in a shop
pocket money (n) /ˈpɒkɪt ˌmʌni/ Can I pay by card?
prize money (n) /ˈpraɪz ˌmʌni/
save (v) /seɪv/ I’m sorry, we only take cash.
sell (v) /sel /
spend (v) /spend/ There’s a cash machine …
win (v) /wɪn/
That’s … , please.

Verbs and prepositions of movement

Here’s your change / receipt.
climb onto (v) /ˌklaɪm ˈɒntu/
climb up (v) /ˌklaɪm ˈʌp/ I’d like to return this …
crawl under (v) /ˌkrɔːl  ˈʌndə(r)/
dive into (v) /ˌdaɪv ˈɪntuː / Can I have a refund, please?
jump off (v) /ˌdʒʌmp ˈɒf/
jump over (v) /ˌdʒʌmp ˈəʊvə(r)/ Have you got the receipt?
run around (v) /ˌrʌn  əˈraʊnd/
slide down (v) /ˌslaɪd ˈdaʊn/
stand on (v) /ˈstænd ɒn/
swim through (v) /ˌswɪm ˈθruː/
swing across (v) /ˌswɪŋ əˈkrɒs/
walk along (v) /ˌwɔːk əˈlɒŋ/

Weddings
bride (n) /braɪd/
get married (v) /ˌget ˈmærid/
groom (n) /ɡruːm/
ring (n) /rɪŋ/
valuable (adj) /ˈvæljuəbl/
wedding (n) /ˈwedɪŋ/

96 Unit 4  Making it happen 

 4 Vocabulary practice
1 Find five money nouns and eight money verbs in 3 Complete the words in the poster.
the wordsearch.

H T E T C O E G P L A

E S A V E A K W R F H The Monster Mud Run!

J H R I D C K W I N I What’s more fun than a mud run?
Y D N E A O D U Z S W A mud run with monster costumes!
What will I need to do?
N O T E S I L H E P N
•  Crawl under a big net
J Q C E A N S W M E P
•  (1) Run a  some posts
E D O N B S H D O M A •  (2) S  down a very muddy hill

P O C K E T M O N E Y •  (3) D  into a lake

•  (4) Swim t  some water
I N A D H K W A E D F
•  (5) C  over a wall
K A S P U T B U Y S O • (6) J  into a big box of
ping-pong balls
M T H W S P E N D C R

E E G O S E L L P D O

2 Solve the codes to complete the sentences. 4 Complete the words in the newspaper article.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
The best honeymoon
in the world!
Do you have any change for a £20 , People often go on holiday after they get married.
please? note But one couple from Edinburgh are going
1 Who’s going to      our coffees? to do something extraordinary after their 
(1) w  in June. They’re going to visit
30 countries!
2 I didn’t   much    on my mobile
‘It’s so exciting!’ says Jenny, the (2) b   .
phone last month.
‘We’re going to (3) c  up Mount
3 Do you get the same     as Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, (4) w  along
your brother and sister? the Silk Road in China and (5) s  on
4 Would you like to   by    the equator in Ecuador!’
  or in  ? But how are they going to (6) p 
5 How much      can you  f  it? Matthew, the (7) g   ,
  in this competition? says: ‘Every month, we (8) s  25% of
the money that we (9) e  in our jobs.
My parents are going to (10) d  some
money too. Maybe it isn’t a good idea to
(11) s  all our money, but we want to
see the world!’

Making it happen  Unit 4 97

 4 Grammar reference
be going to for future plans and be going to and will for predictions
intentions
Usos
be going to
Afirmativa
Utilízase be going to para predicións baseadas en
I’m
evidencias externas, en feitos que observamos
He’s / She’s / It’s ou sobre os que sabemos algo. Adoitan ser
going to pay for the trip.
You’re / We’re / predicións sobre o futuro inmediato.
They’re
Evidencia Predición
Negativa He’s driving too fast. He’s going to have an
accident.
I’m not
He / She / It isn’t Algunhas veces mencionamos a evidencia ou
going to earn any money. chamamos a atención doutros sobre ela.
You / We / They
I didn’t do my homework. My teacher isn’t
aren’t
going to be happy!
Look! He’s going to fall off the wall!
Respostas breves
Yes, I am. No, I’m not. will
Utilizamos will para facer predicións baseadas
Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t. en algo que cremos certo sobre unha persoa
Yes, you / we / they No, you / we / they ou situación. Son predicións máis persoais e
are. aren’t. moitas veces inclúen expresións coma I think,
I suppose, I’m sure that, I expect that. Poden
A afirmativa é be + going to + infinitivo. facer referencia ao futuro inmediato, mais tamén
You’re going to buy the shoes. poder ser máis xerais.
Na negativa engadimos not detrás de be. Na Percepción Predición
lingua oral e nos textos informais adoitase
He’s very clever. I think he’ll pass all his
utilizar a forma contracta n’t.
exams.
You aren’t going to buy the shoes.
Nunca empregamos a forma contracta n’t con Cando facemos predicións negativas sobre o
I’m. futuro, adoitamos utilizar a forma negativa de
I’m not going to sell my camera. (NO I amn’t) think, suppose, etc. e a afirmativa de will.
Nas respostas breves só incluímos o verbo be, He hates long films. I don’t think he’ll enjoy
sen going to. this one. (NO I think he won’t)
‘Is he going to work tomorrow?’ ‘No, he isn’t.’
(NO No, he isn’t going to.)
Nunca se utilizan as formas contractas de Future time expressions
be (I’m, you’re, he’s, etc.) en respostas breves
afirmativas. Para falar de momentos concretos do futuro en
‘Are you going to travel by bus?’ ‘Yes, I am.’ frases con will e be going to, utilizamos expresións
(NO Yes, I’m.) coma tomorrow, soon, later, then, next (week /
Usos month / year).
Utilizamos be going to para falar de plans e  Look at that grey sky. It’s going to rain later.
intencións de futuro. Who will win Wimbledon next year?
I’m going to save this money. I’m going to arrive at 7.30 p.m. I’ll see you then.
As preguntas con be going to serven para
preguntar sobre plans e intencións de futuro.
What are you going to buy?

98 Unit 4  Making it happen 

 4 Grammar practice
be going to for future plans and be going to and will for future
intentions predictions

1 Cross out the extra word in the sentences. 3 Choose the best option.
I’m not going to buy buying those shoes.
1 How many guests is are going to come to the
wedding?
2 She isn’t doesn’t going to travel by bus. Spartan
3 We are is going to have pizza later.
4 Are they are going to buy a new TV tomorrow? Runner
5 I’m not going to not study Maths.
Next month, Alice Jones
2 Complete the sentences with one word. will / is going to run the
We aren’t going to go on holiday next year. Spartan Race. It’s a very
difficult obstacle race.
1 ‘Is he going enter the competition?’
The runners must swim,
‘Yes, he  .’ climb, jump, and even
2 I’m going to spend any money today. run through fire!
3 ‘ she going to be a doctor?’ ‘No, she isn’t.’ ‘It’s never easy,’ says Alice, ‘and I’m sure it
4 ‘Are you to buy that dress?’ (1) won’t / isn’t going to be any different this year,
‘No, I’m  .’ but I (2) ’ll / ’m going to train really hard. I’m not
5 ‘Am I going to be rich?’ ‘  , you aren’t.’ fast, so I know I (3) won’t / ’m not going to win,
but I expect it (4) ’ll / ’s going to be exciting.
3 Write sentences, questions and short answers
Alice usually runs with her sister, Elaine, but this
with be going to.
year, Elaine is pregnant. ‘She (5) ’ll / ’s going to
we / walk / along / the beach / . have her baby soon, so she (6) won’t / isn’t going to
We’re going to walk along the beach. run this year, but maybe she (7) ’ll / ’s going to come
1 they / get married / soon / . and watch,’ says Alice. ‘Maybe in a few years,
Elaine’s son or daughter (8) will / is going to run in
the Spartan Race too!’
2 I / not dive / into / that pool / .

3 you / sell / your computer / ? 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
will or be going to.

4 he / pay / for / our meal / . I’m sure lots of people will go to Jake’s party.
1 I’ve only got €1. I  have enough
5 she / not donate / any money / . money for the bus.
2 Look! She  fall over!
3 Dan usually gets home at six o’clock. I expect
we  see him then.
4 Arsenal is winning 5–0 against Chelsea. Chelsea
lose the match.
5 It didn’t snow this winter. Maybe it
snow next year.

Making it happen  Unit 4 99

 5 Vocabulary reference
Life stages take up a new sport (v) /teɪk ʌp ə ˌnjuː ˈspɔːt/

adult (n) /ˈædʌlt/ text your friends (v) /ˌtekst jə ˈfrendz/

baby (n) /ˈbeɪbi/
child (n) /tʃaɪld/
Talent shows
elderly (adj) /ˈeldəli/
teenager (n) /ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/ audition (n) /ɔːˈdɪʃn/
toddler (n) /ˈtɒdlə(r)/ comedian (n) /kəˈmiːdiən/
finalist (n) /ˈfaɪnəlɪst/
buy a house (v) /baɪ ə ˈhaʊs/
judge (n) /dʒʌdʒ/
get a job (v) /ɡet ə ˈdʒɒb/
restriction (n) /rɪˈstrɪkʃn/
get married (v) /get ˈmærid/
go to university (v) /ɡəʊ tə ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/
Learn it!
grow up (v) /ˌɡrəʊ ˈʌp/
Confusing words
have children (v) /ˌhæv ˈtʃɪldrən/
spend money (v) /ˌspend ˈmʌni/
learn to drive (v) /ˌlɜːn tə ˈdraɪv/
spend time (v) /ˌspend ˈtaɪm /
leave home (v) /ˌliːv ˈhəʊm/
move home (v) /ˌmuːv ˈhəʊm/
retire (v) /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/ Functional language
Expressing opinions
Verb phrases What do you think of …?

cook a healthy meal (v) /ˌkʊk ə helθi ˈmiːl/

How do you feel about …?

do well at school (v) /duː ˌwel ət ˈskuːl/

have a lie-in (v) /ˌhæv ə ˈlaɪ(j) ɪn/ Don’t you like …?

have a sleepover (v) /ˌhæv ə ˈsliːpəʊvə/

Personally, … / To be honest, …
help someone (v) /ˌhelp ˈsʌmwʌn /
invite your friends over (v) /ɪnˌvaɪt jə ˈfrendz You’re absolutely right.
əʊvə(r)/
revise for an exam (v) /rɪˌvɑɪz fɔː ən ɪgˈzæm/ That’s a good point.

share a room (with) (v) /ˌʃeə(r) ə ˈruːm wɪð/ I didn’t think much of … / Not much.

spend money on (v) /ˌspend ˈmʌni ɒn/ I agree. / I don’t agree.

spend time (with) (v) /ˌspend ˈtaɪm wɪð/

100 Unit 5  Young and old 

 5 Vocabulary practice
1 Solve the anagrams to find six life stages. Then 4 Follow the maze and find four more words related
write them in order in the table. to talent shows.

Y A R L  Start j u d

B  D T E
B D O d u a e g
i t i o n
d e m o c
G R
U T A E T E i a n f i
L D
A E N
s i l a n
t v a r i
child (0–18 years) Finish y t e
(1) (0–1)
5 Complete the text with the words.
(2) (1–3)
comedian elderly have healthy 
(3) (13–19)
help lie-in adults revise spend
(4) person (19+) teenagers well
(5) person (75+)

2 Which life stage is next? Write words from How to feel good!
exercise 1.
What’s the best way to feel better?
toddler ➞ child Send us your tips!
1 adult ➞ Help someone. I visit my (1)
2 baby ➞ neighbour and cook her a (2)
3 teenager ➞ meal. She appreciates it and I feel great!
4 child ➞ Beth, 14

3 Which experience is each person talking about? Watch funny videos online. My favourite
Match 1–5 with a–f. (3) always make me laugh.

‘When I do this in class, the teacher gets angry Ravi, 16

and takes my phone away!’  f (4) time with your friends. Invite them
1 ‘I stay in bed until 11 a.m. on Saturdays.’  to your house and (5) a sleepover.
2 ‘I stopped working last year. Now I spend my Clara, 13
time doing my favourite things!’ 
(6) for your exams. I feel good
3 ‘I live with my parents now, but next month I’m when I do (7) at school.
going to share a flat with friends.’ 
Tom, 17
4 ‘I was nervous at first, but I now love it. I’m going
to save up to buy a car.’  Have a (8)  ! I feel terrible
when I’m tired. Don’t listen to your parents –
5 ‘All our friends celebrated with us. It was the
(9) need more sleep than
happiest day of my life.’ 
(10) !
a get married d have a lie-in
Holly, 15
b retire e learn to drive
c leave home f text your friends
Young and old  Unit 5 101
 5 Grammar reference
can, can’t, could, couldn’t Comparative and superlative adverbs

can, can’t Adxectivo Adverbio Comparativo Superlativo

Capacidade I can drive a car. Adverbios acabados en -ly
en presente She can’t ride a bike. easy easily more easily the most
Can they cook? than easily
Yes, they can. / No, they can’t.
Adverbios coa mesma forma que os adxectivos
Permiso en You can get married at the age of 16.
fast fast faster than the fastest
presente We can’t go to the party on Saturday.
Can I have a sleepover? hard hard harder than the hardest
Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. late late later than the latest
could, couldn’t early early earlier than the earliest
Capacidade I could walk when I was a year old. Formas irregulares
en pasado They couldn’t swim last summer. good well better than the best
Could he speak English last year?
bad badly worse than the worst
Yes, he could. / No, he couldn’t.
Permiso en I could stay up late at weekends. Usos
pasado We couldn’t watch TV in our rooms. Utilizamos adverbios para engadir información
Could you have parties at home? sobre as accións, por exemplo como ou cando
Yes, we could. / No, we couldn’t. sucederon.
Tamsin eats healthily.
As formas de can / can’t y could / couldn’t son as I got up late.
mesmas para todas as persoas do verbo. Empregamos adverbios en grao comparativo
I / you / he / she / it / they can ride a bike. para comparar dúas accións.
Despois de can / can’t / could / couldn’t, sempre Tamsin eats more healthily than me.
se utiliza o infinitivo sen to. I got up later than my brother.
She couldn’t go out. Utilizamos adverbios en grao superlativo para
En respostas breves só incluímos can / can’t / comparar tres accións ou máis.
could / couldn’t, sen o verbo principal. (Of all my friends) Tamsin eats the most
‘Can you run fast?’ ‘Yes, I can.’ healthily.
Usos (Of everyone in my family) I go to bed the
latest.
Utilizamos can / can’t para expresar capacidade e
permiso no presente.
not as … as
allow somebody to / be allowed to
Not as … as significa o contrario que o comparativo,
Algunhas veces empregamos allow no lugar de é dicir, o mesmo que less … than.
can para describir permiso. Allow (somebody to do  I’m not as tall as you. = You’re taller than me. =
something) significa “dar permiso (a alguén para I’m less tall than you.
facer algo)”. A atención céntrase na persoa que dá o  France isn’t as big as the USA. = The USA is
permiso. bigger than France. = France is less big than the
 My parents allow me to go out on Saturdays. USA.
Be allowed to (do something) significa “ter permiso
(para facer algo)”. Non é necesario dicir quen dá
permiso.
 I’m allowed to use my dad’s computer.

102 Unit 5  Young and old 

 5 Grammar practice
can, can’t, could, couldn’t Comparative and superlative adverbs
1 Choose the correct option. Then tick (✓) the 4 Complete the questions about the talent show
sentences which are about permission. contestants. Then look at the judges’ notes and
Be quiet! I can’t / couldn’t hear the TV!  answer them.

1 Can / Could you have sleepovers when you

were ten?  Reach for the st★r!
2 People can’t / couldn’t send emails in 1990.  Judges’ notes
3 We can / can’t ski. There isn’t any snow.  Contestants
4 I wasn’t at the concert. Mum said I couldn’t/
Mandy Steve Tina
can’t go. 
Singing Beautiful Loud – and OK, but
5 Can / Could women vote in 1900?  voice but a terrible! extremely
2 Write sentences, questions and short answers bit quiet quiet
with can / could (✓) or can’t / couldn’t (✗). Dancing Excellent Not bad Awful
you / drive / until you’re 17 / .  (✗)
You can’t drive until you’re 17. Who sings more beautifully (beautiful): Steve or
1 Grandpa / run marathons / when he was Mandy? Mandy
25 / .  (✓) 1 Which of the three contestants sings
(badly)? 
2 your mum / use / Twitter / ? / No / she / . / (✗) 2 Who sings (quiet)? 
3 Who sings (loud)? 
3 you / see / this film / . / you’re too young /. / (✗) 4 Who dances (well)? 
5 Who dances (badly): Steve or
4 he / wear / trainers / at his last school / ? / Tina? 
Yes / he / .  (✓)
not as … as
5 Rewrite the sentences using not as … as and
the adjectives.
allow somebody to / be allowed to
I’m sadder than I was yesterday. (happy)
3 Choose the correct option in the second sentence I’m not as happy as I was yesterday.
so that it means the same as the first sentence. 1 A phone is cheaper than a laptop. (expensive)
Our Maths teacher says we can use calculators.
Our Maths teacher allows us / is allowed to use 2 He’s shorter than his brother. (tall)
calculators.
1 Mum said I could go to the party. 3 Running is safer than rock climbing. (dangerous)
Mum allowed/ was allowed me to go to the party.
2 Does the café say that dogs can enter? 4 Cats are quieter than dogs. (noisy)
Are the café allowed / Does the café allow dogs
to enter? 5 The film will be worse than the book. (good)
3 My parents said I couldn’t have a pet.
I didn’t allow me / wasn’t allowed to have a pet.
Young and old  Unit 5 103
 6 Vocabulary reference
Jobs A dangerous job
astronomer (n) /əˈstrɒnəmə(r)/ cure (n) /kjʊə(r)/
computer programmer (n) /kəmˈpjuːtə hunter (n) /ˈhʌntə(r)/
ˌprəʊɡræmə(r)/ poison (n) /ˈpɔɪzn/
dairy farmer(n) /ˈdeəri ˌfɑːmə(r)/ tracks (n) /træks/
fashion buyer (n) /ˈfæʃn ˌbaɪə(r)/ tribe (n) /traɪb/
film producer (n) /ˈfɪlm prəˌdjuːsə(r)/

Learn it!
fire fighter (n) /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/
journalist (n) /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst / been and gone
pilot (n) /ˈpaɪlət/ I’ve been to Rome. /aɪv ˈbɪn tə ˌrəʊm/
radio DJ (n) /ˌreɪdiəʊ ˈdiː dʒeɪ/
sales assistant (n) /seɪlz əˈsɪstənt / He’s gone to Rome. /hiːz ˈɡɒn tə ˌrəʊm/

vet(n) /vet/
yoga instructor (n) /ˈjəʊɡə ɪnˌstrʌktə(r)/ Functional language
Talking about work experience
Why do you want to apply for this job?
Holidays
be ill (v) /bi ɪl/ Have you ever worked as a …?
buy souvenirs (v) /baɪ ˌsuːvəˈnɪəz/
Have you got any experience of …?
explore a new place (v) /ɪkˈsplɔː(r) ə njuː ˌpleɪs/
Can you …?
forget your tickets / passport (v) /fəˌɡet jə ˈtɪkɪts /
ˈpɑːspɔːt / Do you like …?
get sunburnt (v) /ˌɡet ˈsʌnbɜːnd/
go abroad (v) /ˌɡəʊ əˈbrɔːd/ I can … / I’m good at …
have an accident (v) /ˌhæv ən ˈæksɪdənt /

I’m calm / energetic / positive / relaxed.

lose your suitcase (v) /ˌluːz jə ˈsuːtkeɪs/

meet new people (v) /ˌmiːt njuː ˈpiːpl /

miss a flight (v) /ˌmɪs ə ˈflaɪt/

send a postcard (v) /ˌsend ə ˈpəʊstkɑːd/

104 Unit 6  Work and play 

 6 Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the puzzle. Then reorder the green I got really sunburnt at the beach. Ouch!
letters and find the mystery job. (Use the picture 1 They lost my and I didn’t have
to help you!) anything to wear!
If you want to work outside with animals, this 2 I love buying  . In Turkey, I bought a
job is for you. small carpet and a pair of sandals.
d a i r y f a r m e r 3 Mum won some money in a competition so
we’ve decided to go for our holiday
1 If you’re interested in stars and planets, this
this year.
person will tell you about them.
4 I arrived at the airport late and I missed my

 .
2 If you love the idea of flying planes, this job will 5 The first thing I do is a new place
make you happy. and decide where the best places are.

3 Find the letters with the same colours. Put them
3 If you like listening to music all day, you’ll enjoy
in order to make words.
this job.
  DJ C I E T U E K E T

4 If you want to learn to relax and get fit, this

P T O A B S R N S
person will teach you.
yoga H R N U R C R O I
5 If you love animals and aren’t scared of blood,
you’ll be good at this job. red = cure yellow =
nurse green = purple =
6 If you enjoy writing and reporting events, you’ll blue =
do well in this job.
4 Choose the correct option (a–c).

A … raises cows for meat and milk.
The mystery job is  . a  dairy farmer
b  fashion buyer
c  events organiser
1 Are you going to … abroad this summer?
a get   b  go  c  have
2 … live in remote parts of the rainforest.
a  Tracks  b  Tribes  c  Cures
3 Will you … me a postcard?
a  forget  b  lose  c  send
2 Write the missing vowels. Then complete the
4 I’m good at ICT, so I’d like to be a … .
sentences (1–5).
a  computer programmer
b  fire fighter
sunburnt  br     d
c  sales assistant
s     tc   s   xpl   r    5 Be careful on your bike. Don’t … an accident.
a  get  b  have  c  be
fl   ght s     v   n   rs

Work and play  Unit 6 105

 6 Grammar reference
Present perfect Usos
Utilízase o present perfect para falar de
Afirmativa experiencias e feitos do pasado sen dicir
I’ve / You’ve / We’ve / They’ve exactamente cando sucederon.
eaten. I’ve been to England.
He’s / She’s / It’s
Tamén utilizamos o present perfect para describir
Negativa feitos que comezaron no pasado e seguen
na actualidade. Adoitan referirse a un pasado
I / You / We / They haven’t
eaten. próximo.
He / She / It hasn’t He’s started working as a journalist.

Interrogativa been and gone

Have I / you / we / they O verbo go ten dúas formas de participio pasado,
eaten? been e gone, con significados diferentes.
Has he / she / it
Ella has gone on holiday. She isn’t here.
Respostas breves (= Foise e segue fóra.)
Ella has been on holiday but she’s back now.
Yes, I / you / we / they have. (= Foise mais xa volveu.)
Yes, he / she / it has.
Nota: been tamén é o participio pasado do verbo
No, I / you / we / they haven’t. be.
No, he / she / it hasn’t.

O present perfect constrúese con have +

participio pasado.
I have finished my homework. Present perfect with ever and never
The rain has stopped.
Utilizamos ever e never co present perfect para
Na forma oral e nos textos informais utilízanse as
formas contractas (’s / ’ve / haven’t / hasn’t). falar de experiencias.
I’ve seen this film. Moitas veces utilízase ever en preguntas relativas
He hasn’t arrived. a experiencias. Significa “algunha vez, ata este
Na forma interrogativa, have / has van diante do momento”.
suxeito.
  Have you ever ridden a camel?
Have you done your homework?
(NO You have done your homework?) Tamén adoitase incluír ever en frases afirmativas,
Nas respostas breves só incluímos o verbo have, moitas veces detrás do superlativo.
sen o participio pasado.   This is the best concert I’ve ever been to.
‘Have you spoken to Tina?’ ‘No, I haven’t.’ Para referirnos a experiencias que NON tivemos,
(NO No, I haven’t spoken).
utilizamos never coa forma afirmativa do present
Non empregamos a forma contracta de have nas
perfect.
respostas breves afirmativas.
Yes, I have. (NO Yes, I’ve.)  I’ve never seen a giraffe.
O participio pasado dos verbos regulares acaba
en -ed, o mesmo que a forma de past simple.
played  visited  shouted
Un gran número de verbos teñen formas
irregulares de participio pasado. Moitas veces
(mais non sempre) son diferentes ás formas do
past simple.
do ➞ done  see ➞ seen  hear ➞ heard
Consulta a lista da páxina 120.

106 Unit 6  Work and play 

 6 Grammar practice
Present perfect 2 Complete the present perfect questions
and short answers.
1 What has happened? Look at the pictures and
Has Tony met (meet) his penfriend?
complete the sentences with the correct form of
No, he hasn’t.
have and the past participles.
1 Bethan (write)
bought cut finished had passed won her essay?
Yes, she  .
He hasn’t finished 2 you and Mum
painting the wall. (have) breakfast?
Yes, we  .
3 you (see) Gone
with the Wind?
No, I  .
1 She 4 it (stop) snowing?
the match. No, it  .
5 they (be) married
for a long time?
No, they  .

2 He 
his finger. Present perfect with ever
and never
3 Complete the dialogue with ever or never.
Ann Do you travel a lot?
3 They  Bill No, I don’t. In fact, I’ve never been
their exams. abroad.
Ann Really? Have you (1) been
to London?
Bill No, I haven’t. The longest distance
that I’ve (2) travelled is to
4 She  a Manchester, 50 kilometres from my
new car. home town.
Ann Have you (3) had a
passport?
Bill No, I haven’t – I’ve (4)
needed one.
5 They  Ann Have you (5) wanted to
an accident. travel?
Bill Not really. I’ve seen the world –
on TV!

Work and play  Unit 6 107

 7 Vocabulary reference
Wild nature Learn it!
attack (v) /əˈtæk/ False friends
bite (v) /baɪt/ argue (v) /ˈɑːɡjuː/
chase (v) /tʃeɪs/ have an argument (n) /ˌhəv æn ˈɑːɡjumənt/
defend (v) /dɪˈfend/
fight (v) /faɪt  / discuss (v) /dɪˈskʌs/
hit (v) /hɪt/
kick (v) /kɪk/ Functional language
pull(v) /pʊl/
push (v) /pʊʃ/ Talking about a new sport
run away (v) /rʌn əˈweɪ/ Have you tried … before?
stand still (v) /stænd ˈstɪl/
sting (v) /stɪŋ/ Do you want to have a go?
throw (v) /θrəʊ/
Rules
First of all, … / Secondly, … / Finally, …
Adjectives
afraid (adj) /əˈfreɪd/ You must(n’t) / should(n’t) / have (got) to …
brave (adj) /breɪv/
clever (adj) /ˈklevə(r)/ Do you have to …?
embarrassed (adj) /ɪmˈbærəst/
friendly (adj) /ˈfrendli/ Can I wear …?
helpful (adj) /ˈhelpfl/
impatient (adj) /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/
patient (adj) /ˈpeɪʃnt/
polite (adj) /pəˈlaɪt/
rude (adj) /ruːd/
serious (adj) /ˈsɪəriəs/
shy (adj) /ʃaɪ/
worried (adj) /ˈwʌrid/

Habitat
branch (n) /brɑːntʃ/
ground(n) /ɡraʊnd/
leaf / leaves (n) /liːf/ /liːvz/
roots (n) /ruːts/

108 Unit 7  In the wild 

 7 Vocabulary practice
1 Label the pictures with the verbs in the box. 3 Solve the anagrams and label the picture.

bite chase hit push sting throw
arenbchs aeeslv
dguron osrot

hit 1  branches

2  3  4 Complete the crossword.
1  2 
L E A V E S

3 

4 

4  5  5 

2 Match 1–5 with a–f. 6 

Oh, no! I can’t find my purse. All my money is in

it – and my house keys.  f
7 
1 I’m doing a parachute jump today. I’m afraid of
heights and I hate flying, but I’m still going to
do it. 
2 When I got to school yesterday, I realised my Across
T-shirt was on back to front! My friends laughed 1 The … of those trees turn brown in autumn.
at me.  3 He didn’t say thank you. He’s so … !
3 I don’t know anyone here and I’m too afraid to 6 Everyone was very … , so I didn’t feel lonely.
talk to anyone.  7 Thank you for cleaning the kitchen. That was
4 The teacher said the exam was very difficult, very … of you.
but I got 100%!  Down
5 Where’s my burger? I ordered it ten minutes ago. 2 I’m really … of snakes.
I want it now!  4 Why didn’t you … me when those boys tried to
a brave d impatient attack me?
b clever e shy 5 My brothers … a lot. They don’t like sharing their
c embarrassed f worried toys with each other.

In the wild  Unit 7 109

 7 Grammar reference
Modals: should / shouldn’t and Modal: have (got) to + infinitive
must / mustn’t
Afirmativa

Afirmativa I / You / We / They have (got) to

go.
I / You / He / She / should stand still. He / She / It has (got) to
It / We / They must run.
Negativa

Negativa don’t have to

I / You / We / They
I / You / He / She / shouldn’t stand still. haven’t got to
go.
It / We / They mustn’t run. doesn’t have to
He / She / It
hasn’t got to
Interrogativa
I / you / he / she / Interrogativa
Should help?
it / we / they Do have to
I / you / we / they
Have got to
Respostas breves go?
Does have to
Yes, I / you / he / she / should. he / she / It
Has got to
No, it / we / they shouldn’t.
Respostas breves (have to)
Os modais should, shouldn’t, must e mustn’t
teñen a mesma forma para todas as persoas do Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
verbo. Utilízanse co infinitivo sen to. Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
He should help. (NO He should to help.)
I mustn’t go to bed late. (NO I mustn’t to go) Respostas breves (have got to)
Usos Yes, we have. No, we haven’t.
Utilízase should para dar consellos e opinión, Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
para dicir que é correcto facer algo.
‘I’m tired.’ ‘You should go to bed early tonight.’ Usos
Moitas veces utilizamos should con I think / I Utilizamos have / has to + infinitivo para describir
don’t think. obrigas. Na lingua oral e en textos informais moitas
I don’t think children should have TVs in their veces empregamos have / has got to + infinitivo.
bedrooms. Must e have (got) to significan case o mesmo.
I think you should apply for that job. Adoitase utilizar must para falar de cousas que o
Empregamos a forma negativa, shouldn’t, para falante considera necesarias. Empregamos have
indicar que non é bo facer algo. (got) to + infinitivo cando algo é necesario porque
You shouldn’t drink too much cola. é un feito ou unha norma e non depende da nosa
Utilizamos preguntas con shouldn’t para pedirlle opinión.
a alguén unha opinión ou un consello. We have (got) to wear a uniform to school.
What should I do? Utilízase a negativa para falar de cousas que non
Utilízase must para describir unha obrigación son necesarias nin obrigatorias.
rotunda, para indicar que algo é esencial. Must é You don’t have to get up early – it’s Saturday.
máis contundente ca should. Nota: don’t have to / haven’t got to NON significan
You must be quiet during the exam. o mesmo que mustn’t.
Empregamos a forma negativa, mustn’t, para mustn’t = está prohibido
dicir que algo está prohibido, ou que é esencial don’t have to / haven’t got to = non é necesario
non facelo. En preguntas con have to, utilízase o auxiliar do /
People mustn’t leave food around. does para preguntas e respostas breves.
Non é habitual utilizar must nas preguntas. En preguntas con have got to, utilizamos o auxiliar
have / has para preguntas e respostas breves.

110 Unit 7  In the wild 

 7 Grammar practice
Modals: should / shouldn’t and Modal: have (got ) to + infinitive
must / mustn’t 3 Ben is going on a safari holiday and he wants some
information. Write his questions with have to.
1 Look at the signs. Complete the sentences with
should, shouldn’t, must or mustn’t. I / bring / a camera / ?
3
Do I have to bring a camera?
1
2
! 1 we / wear / walking boots / ?

If you drive Stand on 2 who / prepare / the food / ?

fast, you the left
won’t see of the
3 all the people in the group / sleep / in a tent / ?
NO the animals! escalator.
PARKING
5
4 4 we / take / anti-malaria medicine / ?
Please give up your
NO seat to the elderly
5 I / buy / a local SIM card for my phone / ?
BALL passengers.

GAMES
4 Look at the information leaflet and complete
the answers to the questions in exercise 3 using
1 You park here. have to.
2 You drive fast.
3 You
4 You
stand on the left.
play ball games here.
Samson’s Safaris: FAQs
5 You give up your seat to
Where will I
elderly passengers.  sleep?
In a tent with other members
of the tour group.
2 Complete the sentences, questions and short Who cooks the
answers with should, shouldn’t, must or mustn’t  food?
A chef will prepare all the
meals.
and the correct form of the bold verbs.
What do I A camera, walking boots
It’s necessary for you to wait here. need to bring? and a local SIM card.
You must wait here.
Is there a risk
1 ‘Is it a good idea for me to call Mark?’ ‘No, it isn’t.’ d of malaria?
No.
‘ I Mark?’
‘No, you  .’ You have to bring a camera.
2 It’s essential that we don’t arrive late. 1 You wear walking boots.
We late. 2 A chef prepare all the food.
3 I recommend that you watch this TV show. You cook.
You this TV show. 3 All the people in the group
4 It isn’t good for people to eat a lot of sugar. sleep in a tent.
People a lot of sugar. 4 You take anti-malaria
5 It’s essential that you buy a ticket. medicine.
You a ticket. 5 You buy a local SIM card.

In the wild  Unit 7 111

 8 Vocabulary reference
Everyday things Neighbourhoods
central heating (n) /ˌsentrəl  ˈhiːtɪŋ/ community (n) /kəˈmjuːnəti/
deodorant (n) /diˈəʊdərənt/ neighbourhood (n) /ˈneɪbəhʊd/
duvet (n) /ˈduːveɪ/ relatives (n) /ˈrelətɪvz/
fridge (n) /frɪdʒ/ rural (adj) /ˈrʊərəl /
hair dryer (n) /ˈheədraɪə(r)/ urban (adj) /ˈɜːbən/
the internet(n) /ðə ˈɪntənet/
microwave (n) /ˈmaɪkrəweɪv/ Learn it!
mirror (n) /ˈmɪrə(r)/
phone charger (n) /ˌfəʊn ˈtʃɑːdʒə(r)/ False friends
shampoo (n) /ʃæmˈpuː/ parent (n) /ˈpeərənt/
shower gel (n) /ˈʃaʊə dʒel/ relative (n) /ˈrelətɪv/
smart phone (n) /ˈsmɑːtfəʊn/
washing machine (n) /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn/ Functional language
Making compromises and polite requests
TV programmes
Could I / you …?
chat show (n) /ˈtʃæt ʃəʊ/
cookery programme (n) /ˈkʊkəri ˌprəʊɡræm/ Not right now.

crime series (n) /ˈkraɪm ˌsɪəriːz/ I won’t be long.

makeover show (n) /ˈmeɪkəʊvə ˌʃəʊ/
news programme (n) /ˈnjuːz ˌprəʊɡræm/ I’ll do it later / now.

quiz show (n) /ˈkwɪz ʃəʊ/ You always say that.

reality TV show (n) /riˈæləti ˌtiː ˈviː ʃəʊ/
I promise.
sitcom (n) /ˈsɪtkɒm/
soap opera (n) /ˈsəʊp ɒprə/ What’s so important?
sports programme (n) /ˈspɔːts ˌprəʊɡræm/
That’s not fair!
travel show (n) /ˈtrævl ʃəʊ/
wildlife programme (n) /ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˌprəʊɡræm/ It’s a deal.

112 Unit 8  Home comforts 

 8 Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the words with a, e, i, o or u. 3 Complete the sentences with the words.

communities neighbourhood relatives
rural urban

I can’t go out on Saturday. My mum has invited

some relatives over.
1 My uncle lives in a village, so he
needs a car.
2 London is a cosmopolitan city, with
fridge 1  m   rr   r of many different nationalities.
3 This is a good place to live
because it’s got good transport connections.
4 Air pollution can be a problem in
areas.

4 Complete the words.

2  d   v   t 3 
sh   w   r g   l
My favourite
programme ever
What’s your favourite TV programme of all
time? Write and tell us!

Coronation Street – it’s a soap opera about

a (1) c  of people who live in an
(2) u  street in the north of
4  m   cr   w   v  5 
sh   mp     England. My grandma watched it on her
2 Write every second letter to complete the types black and white TV in 1960. Now I can watch
of TV programme. it on my (3) s  p   !
Lottie, 14
HNIEOWPSE
news programme The classic 1990s (4) s  Friends.
1 JTORPAAVIEYLN When I feel ill, I lie in bed under a big
(5) d  and watch it on the
show
(6) i   . It’s the best medicine!
2 RSPILTICOOSMU
Jo, 15

3 AMEATKYEMOXVTEIRK Masterchef. It’s the best (7) c 
p  on TV. The recipes always look
show
amazing but they aren’t always complicated.
4 RCIHGALTS
Last week, someone made a cake in a
show
(8) m   .
5 OWRITLODILAIDFSEP
Adam, 17
programme

Home comforts  Unit 8 113

 8 Grammar reference
Indefinite pronouns Usos
Inexact quantities
Afirmativa Negativa e Utilizamos some en frases afirmativas con
interrogativa substantivos en plural ou substantivos
Persoa somebody / anybody / anyone incontables se non queremos especificar
someone unha cantidade. Empregamos any na forma
Cousa something anything interrogativa.
I need to buy some apples and some water.
Lugar somewhere anywhere Are there any apples?
Have you got any water?
Usos Zero quantity
Utilizamos os pronomes indefinidos para
Utilízase any en frases negativas con
referirnos a cousas, persoas e lugares sen
substantivos en plural ou substantivos
especificar que ou quen son. Substitúen aos
incontables para describir a cantidade cero.
substantivos.
I didn’t buy any apples. There isn’t any water.
There’s somebody (a person) in the kitchen.
I haven’t seen anything (a thing). Large quantities
Do you want to go anywhere (to a place)? Empregamos a lot of en afirmativa e
interrogativa para describir ou preguntar sobre
Empregamos pronomes indefinidos do tipo
grandes cantidades. Acompaña a substantivos
some- na forma afirmativa.
en plural e substantivos incontables.
There’s someone I’d like you to meet.
I eat a lot of apples.
I want to go somewhere hot.
There’s a lot of water.
Utilízanse pronomes do tipo any- en negativa e Do you eat a lot of apples?
interrogativa. Do we have a lot of water?
I haven’t had anything to eat.
Small quantities
Is anybody here?
A lot of utilízase na forma negativa con
Cando o pronome indefinido é o suxeito da frase,
substantivos en plural e substantivos
o verbo vai en singular.
incontables para describir cantidades pequenas.
Someone is at the door.
I don’t eat a lot of apples.
Does anyone want to go to the cinema?
There isn’t a lot of water.
Many e much poden substituír a a lot of na
forma negativa. O significado é o mesmo. Many
Quantifiers: some, any, a lot of, much,
acompaña a substantivos en plural, e much a
many, (not) enough substantivos incontables.
I don’t eat many apples.
Substantivos Substantivos There isn’t much water.
contables en incontables Na afirmativa e interrogativa, utilizamos enough
plural para describir ou preguntar por unha cantidade
suficiente. Acompaña a substantivos contables e
Afirmativa There are some / There is some /
incontables.
a lot of good a lot of water in
I eat enough apples.
shows on TV. the bottle.
There’s enough water.
Negativa There aren’t There isn’t any Do we eat enough apples?
any / many / a / much / a lot Have we got enough water?
lot of sitcoms. of information.
Inclúese enough en frases negativas para falar
Interrogativa How many CDs How much rice dunha cantidade insuficiente.
have you got? is there? I don’t eat enough apples. (contable)
Have you got Have you got There isn’t enough water. (incontable)
any / a lot of / any / a lot of / Asking about quantities
enough CDs? enough time? Utilizamos preguntas con How many e How much
para preguntar sobre cantidades.
How many apples are there?
114 Unit 8  Home comforts  How much water is there?
 8 Grammar practice
Indefinite pronouns Quantifiers: some, any, a lot of, much,
1 Match 1–5 with a–f. many, (not) enough
I’ve lost my watch. Has f 3 Choose the correct options to complete the
1 I’m bored. I haven’t got dialogue.
2 Ibiza is A Hello, I’m phoning about the room. I’d like to ask
3 I’m thirsty. Is there some / any questions. Firstly, (1) is / are there
4 In Hollywood, I met (2) any / many central heating?
5 A fridge is B Yes, there (3) is / are. There are (4) some / any
a something which keeps food cold. electric fans too.

b anything to do. A OK. And how noisy is the area? (5) Is / Are there
a lot of traffic?
c somewhere I’d like to visit.
B No, there isn’t. It’s very quiet. Have you got
d anything to drink?
(6) any / much other questions? Why don’t you
e someone famous.
come and see the room?
f anybody seen it?
4 Jessica is organising a barbecue for fifteen
2 Complete the indefinite pronouns with some or people. Look at the picture and complete the
any.
questions with the words in the box.
A Are you going anywhere this summer
B I hope so! I want to go somewhere warm.
1 A Do you want  thing to eat?
B No, thanks. I had  thing to eat earlier.
2 A T
 he post office is going to deliver a parcel
today. Will  one be at home in the
any any enough many much
morning?
B Y
 es, there’ll be  body at home between Are there any sausages?
10 and 11 a.m. 1 How paper cups are there?
3 A I haven’t got  thing to wear to the party! 2 How lemonade is there?
We have to wear  thing gold. 3 Is there vegetarian food?
B I know  where you can buy gold hats – 4 Is there cola for fifteen people?
the party shop in the High Street.
4 A Has  one seen my hole punch?
5 Choose the correct options to complete the
answers to the questions in exercise 4.
B What’s that?
A It’s  thing which makes holes in paper. Yes, there are. There are a lot of / a few
5 A I’m looking for packets of sausages.
 one to help me organise
a surprise party for Jenny’s birthday. Can 1 Only ten, so there aren’t enough / any.
 one bake a cake? 2 There isn’t much / is a lot of lemonade.
B I can. Shall I make  thing with chocolate 3 Yes, there’s a little / a lot of salad.
or fruit? 4 Yes, there’s a lot of / much cola.
A Chocolate, definitely!

Home comforts  Unit 8 115

 9 Vocabulary reference
Street furniture Functional language
bench (n) /bentʃ/ Organising a party
bike rack (n) /ˈbaɪk ræk/ Asking for help
bin (n) /bɪn/ Who’s going to / wants to / can …?
bus stop (n) /ˈbʌs stɒp/
fence (n) /fens/ Can anyone …?
pavement (n) /ˈpeɪvmənt/
pedestrian crossing (n) /pəˌdestriən ˈkrɒsɪŋ / Offering to help
Can I do anything?
phone box (n) /ˈfəʊn bɒks/
postbox (n) /ˈpəʊstbɒks/ I’ll help with …
steps (n) /steps/
street light (n) /ˈstriːt laɪt/ Other
We haven’t forgotten anything, have we?
Kitchen objects
I’m in charge of …
egg cup (n) /ˈeɡ kʌp/
fork (n) /fɔːk/ That’s a big help. / That’s really kind of you.
jug (n) /dʒʌɡ/
kettle (n) /ˈketl/ It’s all under control.
knife (n) (knives) /naɪf/ /naɪvz/
mug (n) /mʌɡ/ There’s a lot to do.
plate (n) /pleɪt/
spoon (n) /spuːn/
timer (n) /ˈtaɪmə(r)/
tin opener (n) /ˈtɪn əʊpnə(r)/
toaster (n) /ˈtəʊstə(r)/

Light and colour

brilliant (adj) /ˈbrɪliənt/
change (v) /tʃeɪndʒ/
giant (adj) /ˈdʒaɪənt/
illuminate (v) /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/
large-scale (adj)/ˈlɑːdʒ skeɪl/
light up (v) /laɪt ʌp/
transform (v) /trænsˈfɔːm/
vivid (adj) /ˈvɪvɪd/

116 Unit 9  Bright ideas 

 9 Vocabulary practice
1 Label the picture.

1 2

bus stop

7
6

2 Solve the anagrams to make six words for things 4 Correct the bold words using words from Unit 9.
in the home. You use a fork to cut food.  knife
GPEGCU  egg cup 1 You can cross a road safely at a bike rack. 
1 SOTREAT 
2 TTKELE  2 You wait for a bus at a post box. 
3 MRTEI 
4 EATPL  3 Where’s the toaster? I want to boil some water. 
5 NIT ERONEP 
4 This street is very dark at night. We need more
3 Match the words which have similar meanings. benches. 
5 The Tyrannosaurus Rex was a very small
brilliant dinosaur. 
large-scale
6 Our rabbit jumped over the pavement
and went into our neighbours’ garden. 
1 change light up

2 giant transform

3 illuminate vivid

Bright ideas  Unit 9 117

 9 Grammar reference
Reflexive pronouns Question tags

Singular As question tags son preguntas breves que van

I myself ao final da frase.
you yourself Para construílas, utilizamos o auxiliar do verbo e o
pronome suxeito na sección principal da frase. Se
he himself o auxiliar está en afirmativa na oración principal,
she herself aparecerá en negativa na pregunta retórica, e
it itself viceversa.
Plural Oración principal Question tag
we ourselves You don’t like milk, do you?
you yourselves They have left, haven’t they?
they themselves He is running, isn’t he?
Os verbos modais e o verbo be se empregan do
Usos mesmo xeito que os verbos auxiliares.
Moitas veces utilizamos un pronome reflexivo We can sit here, can’t we?
como obxecto do verbo cando o suxeito e o This is your phone, isn’t it?
obxecto son a mesma persoa.
Se a frase contén un verbo na forma afirmativa
I taught myself Italian.
do present simple ou o past simple, utilizamos
Did you hurt yourself?
a forma negativa correspondente de do na
Estes son algún dos verbos máis utilizados cos pregunta retórica.
pronomes reflexivos: behave, cut, enjoy, find, dry, You speak French, don’t you?
hurt, help, introduce, prepare, teach. He arrived very late, didn’t he?
Non obstante, os reflexivos utilízanse moito Usos
menos en inglés can as linguas romances como Utilizamos preguntas retóricas para comprobar
o español, o catalán, o francés ou o italiano. En que algo é certo, ou para confirmar que o noso
moitos casos non é necesario incluír o pronome interlocutor está de acordo.
reflexivo en inglés, aínda cá acción sexa algo que ‘Your name’s Sophie, isn’t it?’ ‘Yes, that’s right.’
recae sobre o propio suxeito.
Estas preguntas utilízanse na lingua oral e as
clean your teeth
veces tamén en textos informais.
(NO clean yourself your teeth)
get dressed (NO get yourself dressed)
En ocasións utilizamos o pronome reflexivo para
engadir énfase, para indicar que o suxeito realiza
a acción de forma independente, sen axuda
doutras persoas. Neste caso, o pronome non é
o obxecto do verbo, senón que se coloca detrás
del.
He wrote the poem himself.
We made the cake ourselves.

118 Unit 9  Bright ideas 

 9 Grammar practice
Reflexive pronouns Question tags
1 Complete the reflexive pronouns with self or 4 Choose the correct option (a–c).
selves. 1 It’ll be cold in Canada, …
We found ourselves in a dark forest and we a  will it? b  won’t it? c  won’t we?
didn’t have a torch. 2 Your brother plays the saxophone, …
1 Is your finger OK, Luke? Did you cut your   ? a  don’t you? b  don’t he? c  doesn’t he?
2 My dad made this bench him   . 3 We mustn’t wear jeans to school, …
3 I’ve put the food on the table so that you and a  do we? b  must we? c  mustn’t we?
your friends can help your   . 4 Maite and Elena didn’t call you, …
4 No one had cooked dinner so I did it my   . a  did they? b  do they? c  didn’t they?
5 The lights turn them  off automatically. 5 She’s forgotten her coat, …
a  isn’t she? b  hasn’t she? c  haven’t she?
2 Choose the correct option.
6 You aren’t laughing at me, …
I get up /get myself up at half past seven. a  is you? b  aren’t you? c  are you?
1 She didn’t have skiing lessons. She taught /
taught herself .
2 Did your parents enjoy / enjoy themselves in
New York?
3 Let me introduce / introduce myself . I’m Penny.
4 Wash / Wash yourself your hands before eating.
5 Please help / help yourselves to spaghetti.

3 Complete the email with the reflexive pronouns.

herself (x2) himself myself ourselves (x2) 5 Complete the dialogue with the question tags.

can we  didn’t he  doesn’t he  is he  isn’t he

Hi Ellie won’t they
I’m in Amsterdam with my family and we’re really
enjoying ourselves! Eva Harry phoned you, didn’t he?
We’re staying on a canal boat! It’s small, but we Dan Yes, he did.
haven’t had any big arguments and my brother Eva He isn’t coming with us to the concert,
is behaving (1)  . But there was one (1)  ?
incident: my sister fell into the canal! Fortunately, Dan No. He says he’s got a headache.
she didn’t hurt (2) and we all laughed
Eva I’m so angry! Harry always changes his plans,
about it after she’d dried (3) and had a
cup of tea! (2)  ?
Dan But maybe it’s true. We can’t be angry with
The boat has got a small kitchen so we can buy food
and cook it (4) him for having a headache, (3)  ?
 . I taught (5)
some Dutch before the trip and it’s fun to use it at Eva Well, I don’t believe him. He’s probably playing
the market. Civilisation 6 with Ben, (4)  ? If he
See you soon, does this all the time, people will stop inviting
Lara him to go out, (5)  ?

Bright ideas  Unit 9 119