2.2.7 Statistical Tool Employed For Analysis: Percentage Method
2.2.7 Statistical Tool Employed For Analysis: Percentage Method
2.2.7 Statistical Tool Employed For Analysis: Percentage Method
Percentage method
Chi-square test
Weighted average
Rank Correlation
One Way ANOVA
PERCENTAGE METHOD:
In this project Percentage method test was used. The following are the formula
No of Respondent
CHI-SQUARE ANALYSIS:
In this project chi-square test was used. This is an analysis of technique, which
analyzed the stated data in the project. It analysis the assumed data and calculated in the
study. The Chi-square test is an important test amongst the several tests of significant
developed by statistical. Chi-square, symbolically written as x2 (Pronounce as Ki-Spare), is a
statistical measure used in the context of sampling analysis for comparing a variance to a
theoretical variance.
Formula,
(O-E) 2
c2 =
E
O = Observed frequency
E = Expected frequency
Chi-square analysis in statistics is to test the goodness of fit to verify the distribution
of observed data with assumed theoretical distribution. Therefore it is a measure to study the
divergence of actual and expected frequencies.
Chi-square = ∑ {(O-E)2 / E}
The calculated value of chi-square is compared with the table of chi-square for the
given degrees of freedom at the specified level of significance. If the calculated value is
greater than the tabulated value then the difference between the observed frequency and the
expected frequency are significant. The degrees of freedom is (n-2) where ‘n’ is number of
observed frequencies and in case of contingency table the degrees of freedom is (C-1) (R-1)
where C is number of columns and R is number of rows.
Weighted average method is a simple way of calculation, the result is summed and the
total divided by sum of weights. It is an average in which each quantity to be averaged
allocate a weight .It can be characterized as an middling whose element items are multiplied
by firm values (weights) and the gather of the yield are divided by the total of weights.
Steps:-
CORRELATION ANALYSIS
In this study the Pearson product correlation coefficient is used to find the
correlation coefficient between respondents awareness level at the time of joining with
employees participation in suggestion scheme & respondents awareness level at present and
the counseling. This is also known as simple correlation coefficient and is denoted by “r”.The
“r” value ranges from -1, through 0, to +1.It is calculated using the formula
r = ∑ xy / √∑ x2.∑ y2
4.5.5 Regression
The Regression analysis deals with the nature of association between two or
more variables. In regression analysis we are concerned with the estimation of one variable
for a given value of another variable on the basis of an average mathematical relationship
between the two variables.
Y= a + bX
RANK CORRELATION
6 ∑ d 2i
Sperman’s coefficient of correlation = 1−
[ 2
n (n −1) ]
Where
The basic principle of ANOVA is to test for difference among the means of the
populations by examining the amount of variation within the each of these samples, relative
to the amount of variation between the samples. In One-way ANOVA only one factor is
considered and then observe that the reason for said factor to be important is several possible
types of samples can occur within that factor.
In short, we have to make two estimates of population variance viz., one based on
between samples variance and based on within samples variance. Then said two estimates of
population variance are compared with F-test, wherein we work out.
Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study.
They provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Together with simple
graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data.
Descriptive statistics are brief descriptive coefficients that summarize a given data set, which
can be either a representation of the entire or a sample of a population.
Measures of central tendency include the mean, median, and mode, while measures of
variability include the standard deviation, variance, the minimum and maximum variables.
Descriptive statistics are broken down into measures of central tendency and
measures of variability
Mean
Median