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    Homeostasis and Homeostatic Regulatory/Control Mechanisms

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    Moiz
    Define homeostasis. Add a note on gain control of feedback mechanism. Explain with example positive and negative feedback mechanisms.

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    Homeostasis and Homeostatic Regulatory/Control Mechanisms

    Uploaded by

    Moiz
    101 views3 pages
    Define homeostasis. Add a note on gain control of feedback mechanism. Explain with example positive and negative feedback mechanisms.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Define homeostasis. Add a note on gain control of feedback mechanism. Explain with example positive and negative feedback mechanisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    101 views3 pages

    Homeostasis and Homeostatic Regulatory/Control Mechanisms

    Uploaded by

    Moiz
    Define homeostasis. Add a note on gain control of feedback mechanism. Explain with example positive and negative feedback mechanisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Define homeostasis.

    Add a note
    on gain control of feedback
    mechanism. Explain with
    example positive and negative
    feedback mechanisms.

    Homeostasis:
     "Homeostasis" term was coined by Walter F. Cannon in 1929.

     It describes the maintenance of nearly constant environment in milieu intérieur


    (internal environment) which is ECF.

     It is an integrated process involving essentially all organs and organ systems


    of human body such as after cells, tissues - nervous, hormonal and local
    control systems.

     Disease is often considered to be state of disrupted homeostasis. Even in the


    presence of disease, homeostasis mechanisms continue to operate and
    maintain vital functions through multiple compensations.

     The discipline of pathophysiology seeks to explain how various physiological


    processes are altered in disease or injury.

     Human internal body temperature is a great example of homeostasis. When


    body temperature decreases to less than 37°C(normal human body
    temperature), the body shivers to maintain the normal of temperature. When
    body temperature increases to more than 37°C the body starts sweating.

    Note on gain control of feedback mechanism:


     It is the quantification of the efficiency of homeostatic regulatory mechanism.
    It is the degree of effectiveness with which a control system stabilises itself.

    Define homeostasis. Add a note on gain control of feedback mechanism. Explain with example positive and
    1
    negative feedback mechanisms.
     Gain = Correction applied by the homeostatic regulatory mechanism /
    Residual error

     Higher the gain, more efficient is the homeostatic regulatory mechanism.

     Example: 1 Kidney-body fluids homeostatic mechanism in the regulation of


    blood pressure has gain of infinity (zero error). 2 Temperature regulating
    system has gain of '33'. 3 Baroreceptor system has gain of '2'.

    Negative feedback mechanism:


     Most control systems in the body are balanced with the help of -ve feedback
    mechanism.

     Processes occur in opposite to the change to nullify the effect of change. So


    error is minimised.

     Example: In arterial pressure-regulating mechanisms a high pressure cause


    series of reactions that promote a lowered pressure, or a low pressure causes
    a series of reactions that promote elevated pressure. In both instances these
    effects are -ve with respect to the initiating stimulus. Thus -ve feedback
    mechanism returns the factor towards mean value if some factor becomes
    excessive or deficient, thus maintaining homeostasis.

     Another example is of constant body temperature maintenance with the help


    of negative feedback mechanism.

    Positive feedback mechanism:


     It is not that much common in body and hence there are very few examples
    of it.

     It can be both advantageous or disadvantageous. It is better known as


    "vicious cycle" because error is amplified in +ve feedback mechanism.

     Examples when harmful: Due to decreased blood pressure (cardiac output)


    there is decrease in perfusion of myocardium which in turns lead to
    decreased B.P/CO due to positive feedback and it can lead to death if not
    counterbalance by -ve feedback mechanism.

     Examples when useful: At the time of parturition fetus is pushed against


    cervix, and oxytocin is released. Due to +ve feedback mechanism more of

    Define homeostasis. Add a note on gain control of feedback mechanism. Explain with example positive and
    2
    negative feedback mechanisms.
    oxytocin is released and thus parturition is completed.

     All +ve feedbacks end with negative feedback, i.e. all the positive feedback
    should be seen as a part of larger negative feedback mechanism.

    Define homeostasis. Add a note on gain control of feedback mechanism. Explain with example positive and
    3
    negative feedback mechanisms.

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