Sharing Latest 35+ Codeigniter Interview questions and their answers that asked by an interviewer in

Codeigniter interviews. Read about helpers, sessions, hooks, Routing, Constants ORM supported by
Codeigniter and more

Read Latest Php CodeIgniter interview questions from below

Q1. Explain what is Codeigniter?

CodeIgniter is a powerful MVC based PHP framework with a very small footprint, built for developers who
need a simple and elegant toolkit to create full-featured web applications.

Q2. What is the current version of Codeigniter?

As on Sept 3, 2018 CodeIgniter 3.1.9 is the latest version of the framework. You can download it from here

Q3. How to check the version of CodeIgniter framework?

In system/core/CodeIgniter.php, check CI_VERSION constant value define(‘CI_VERSION’, ‘3.0.6’);

Q4. List Databases supported By Codeigniter Frameworks?

Following Databases supported are supported by Codeigniter Frameworks

MySQL (5.1+) via the MySQL (deprecated), MYSQLI and PDO drivers
Oracle via the oci8 and PDO drivers
PostgreSQL via the Postgre and PDO drivers
MS SQL via the MsSQL, Sqlsrv (version 2005 and above only) and PDO drivers
SQLite via the SQLite (version 2), sqlite3 (version 3) and PDO drivers
CUBRID via the Cubridand PDO drivers
Interbase/Firebird via the iBase and PDO drivers
ODBC via the ODBC and PDO drivers (you should know that ODBC is actually an abstraction layer)

Q5. List some features provided by CodeIgniter?

Framework with a small footprint

Simple solutions over complexity
Clear documentation
 Exceptional performance
Strong Security
Nearly zero configuration

Q6. Explain helpers in CodeIgniter and how to load helper file?

As the name suggests, helpers help you with tasks.Each helper file is simply a collection of functions in a
particular category.They are simple, procedural functions.Each helper function performs one specific task, with
no dependence on other functions.

CodeIgniter does not load Helper Files by default, so the first step in using a Helper is to load it. Once loaded, it
becomes globally available in your controller and views.

Helpers are typically stored in your system/helpers, or application/helpers directory

Loading a helper file is quite simple using the following method:

$this->load->helper('name');

Where name is the file name of the helper, without the .php file extension or the “helper” part.
Read More

Q7. Explain routing in CodeIgniter?

In Software engineering routing is the process of taking a URI endpoint (that part of the URI which comes after
the base URL) and decomposing it into parameters to determine which module, controller, and action of that
controller should receive the request.In Codeigniter typically there is a one-to-one relationship between a URL
string and its corresponding controller class/method.The segments in a URI normally follow this pattern:
example.com/class/function/id/.In CodeIgniter, all routing rules are defined in your
application/config/routes.php file.

Q8. What are hooks in CodeIgniter? List them?

CodeIgniter’s Hooks feature provides a way to modify the inner workings or functionality of the framework
without hacking the core files.

The following is a list of available hook points.

pre_system Called very early during system execution.

pre_controller Called immediately prior to any of your controllers being called.
post_controller_constructor Called immediately after your controller is instantiated, but prior to any
method calls happening.
post_controller Called immediately after your controller is fully executed.
 display_override Overrides the _display() method.
cache_override Enables you to call your own method instead of the _display_cache() method in the
Output Library. This permits you to use your own cache display mechanism.
post_system Called after the final rendered page is sent to the browser, at the end of system execution
after the finalized data is sent to the browser.

Read More

Q9. List Common Functions in Codeigniter?

CodeIgniter uses a few functions for its operation that are globally defined, and are available to you at any point.
These do not require loading any libraries or helpers.

is_php($version)
is_really_writable($file)
config_item($key)
set_status_header($code[, $text = ”])
remove_invisible_characters($str[, $url_encoded = TRUE])
html_escape($var)
get_mimes()
is_https()
is_cli()

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Q10. How do you set default timezone in Codeigniter ?

To set default timezone in Codeigniter open application/config.php file and add below code in it.

date_default_timezone_set('your timezone');

Q11. How to add / link an images/CSS/JavaScript from a view in CI?

In Codeigniter, you can link images/CSS/JavaScript by using the absolute path to your resources.

Something like below

// References your $config['base_url']

<img src="<?php echo site_url('images/myimage.jpg'); ?>" />

Q12. What is inhibitor are Codeigniter?

An inhibitor is an error handling class in Codeigniter. It uses PHP ‘s native functions like
register_shutdown_function , set_exception_handler, set_error_handler to handle parse errors, exceptions, and
fatal errors.

Q13. How can you remove index.php from URL in Codeigniter?

Follow below steps to index.php from URL in Codeigniter

Step 1: Open config.php and replaces

$config['index_page'] = "index.php" to $config['index_page'] = ""

and
$config['uri_protocol'] ="AUTO" to $config['uri_protocol'] = "REQUEST_URI"

Step 2: Change your .htaccess file to

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|[Javascript / CSS / Image root Folder name(s)]|r
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L]

Q14. How will you add or load a model in Codeigniter?

In Codeigniter, models will typically be loaded and called from within your controller methods. To load a model
you will use the following method:

$this->load->model('model_name');

If your model is located in a sub-directory, include the relative path from your model’s directory. For example,
if you have a model located at application/models/blog/Posts.php you’ll load it using:

$this->load->model('blog/Posts');

Once your Model loaded, you will access its methods using an object with the same name as your controller:

Example

class Blog_controller extends CI_Controller {

public function blog()
{
$this->load->model('blog');
$data['query'] = $this->blog->get_last_ten_entries();
$this->load->view('blog', $data);
}
}

Q15. What are Sessions In CodeIgniter? How to read, write or remove session in
CodeIgniter?

Sessions in CodeIgniter

In CodeIgniter Session class allows you maintain a user’s “state” and track their activity while they are
browsing your website.
In order to use session, you need to load Session class in your controller.

$this->load->library(‘session’); method is used to sessions in CodeIgniter

$this->load->library('session');

Once loaded, the Sessions library object will be available using:

$this->session

Reading session data in CodeIgniter

Use $this->session->userdata(); method of session class to read session data in CodeIgniter.

Usage

$this->session->userdata('your_key');

You can also read a session data by using the magic getter of CodeIgniter Session Class

Usage

$this->session->item

Where an item is the name of the key you want to retrieve.

Creating a session in CodeIgniter

Session’s Class set_userdata() method is used to create a session in CodeIgniter. This method takes an
associative array containing your data that you want to add in session.

Example

$newdata = array(
'username' => 'johndoe',
'email' => '[email protected]',
'logged_in' => TRUE
);
$this->session->set_userdata($newdata);

If you want to add userdata one value at a time, set_userdata() also supports this syntax:

$this->session->set_userdata('some_name', 'some_value');
Removing Session Data

Session’s Class unset_userdata() method is used to remove a session data in CodeIgniter. Below are example
usages of same.

Unset particular key

$this->session->unset_userdata('some_key');

Unset an array of item keys

$array_items = array('username', 'email');

$this->session->unset_userdata($array_items);

Read More https://www.codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html

Q16. How to get last inserted id in CodeIgniter?

CodeIgniter DB Class insert_id() method is used to get last insert id.

Usage:

function add_post($post_data){
$this->db->insert('posts', $post_data);
$insert_id = $this->db->insert_id();
return $insert_id;
}

Q17. How you will use or load CodeIgniter libraries

$this->load->library(‘library_name’); method is used to load a library in CodeIgniter.

Usage:
//Loading Cart library

$this->load->library('cart');

Using Cart library methods

$data = array(
'id' => 'sku_9788C',
'qty' => 1,
'price' => 35.95,
'name' => 'T-Shirt',
'options' => array('Size' => 'L', 'Color' => 'Red')
);
$this->cart->insert($data);
Q18. What is the CLI? Why we use CLI in Codeigniter?

CLI is a text-based command-line interface for interacting with computers via a set of commands.

In Codeigniter, we can use CLI for

Run your cronjobs without needing to use wget or curl

Make your cron-jobs inaccessible from being loaded in the URL by checking the return value of is_cli().
Make interactive “tasks” that can do things like set permissions, prune cache folders, run backups, etc.
Helps to integrate Codeigniter with other applications in other languages. For example, a random C++
script could call one command and run code in your models!

Q19. How to do 301 redirects in CodeIgniter?

We can use redirect helper to do 301 redirects in Codeigniter.

Syntax :

redirect($uri = '', $method = 'auto', $code = NULL)

Parameter:

$uri (string) – URI string

$method (string) – Redirect method (‘auto’, ‘location’ or ‘refresh’)
$code (string) – HTTP Response code (usually 302 or 303)

Return type: void

Sample Usage:-

redirect('/posts/13', 'New location', 301);

Q20. How to check a field or column exists in a table or not in Codeigniter?

Code for Checking a field or column exists or not in a Codeigniter table.

if ($this->db->field_exists('field_name', 'table_name'))
{
// some code...
}

Q21. What is_cli() method does in Codeigniter?

In Codeigniter is_cli() method is used to check request is from the command line or not.
Returns TRUE if the application is run through the command line and FALSE if not.

Q22. Explain Codeigniter’s application Flow Chart?

Below images give you an understanding of how data flows throughout the system in Codeigniter.

1. The index.php serves as the front controller, initializing the base

resources needed to run CodeIgniter.
2. The Router examines the HTTP request to determine what should be done
with it.
3. If a cache file exists, it is sent directly to the browser, bypassing
the normal system execution.
4. Security. Before the application controller is loaded, the HTTP
request and any user submitted data are filtered for security.
5. The Controller loads the model, core libraries, helpers, and any
other resources needed to process the specific request.
6. The finalized View is rendered then sent to the web browser to be
seen. If caching is enabled, the view is cached first so that on
subsequent requests it can be served.

Source: https://www.codeigniter.com/user_guide/overview/appflow.html

Q23. How to set or get config variables in Codeigniter?

In Codeigniter by default all config variables are located at “application/config/config.php” file.

Below is the way to set or get a config variable in Codeigniter

// Setting a config variable dynamically

$this->config->set_item('variable_name', value);
// Getting value of config variable in Codeigniter.
$this->config->item('variable_name');

Q24. How to delete a record in Codeigniter?

In Codeigniter, delete function is used to delete the one or more row data from a table.
//DELETE FROM table WHERE id = $id
$conditions =['id' => $id]
$this->db->delete('table_name', $conditions);
// Deleting records from more than one tables in one go
$id=1;
$tables = array('table1', 'table2', 'table3');
$this->db->where('id', $id);
$this->db->delete($tables);

Q25. How to implement validations in Codeigniter?

Q26. What is the default URL pattern used in Codeigniter framework?

In CodeIgniter, URLs are designed to be search-engine and human-friendly.CodeIgniter uses a segment-based

approach rather than using “query string” based approach.
abc.com/user/edit/ramesh

The default URL pattern in CodeIgniter consists of 4 main components. They are :

1. A server name (abc.com)

2. A Controller (user)
3. An Action or method (edit)
4. An optional action parameter (ramesh)

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Q27. How to get random records in MySQL using CodeIgniter?

order_by function is used to order the records from a table in CodeIgniter.

// Getting random rows from database in CodeIgniter

$this->db->select('*');
$this->db->from('table_name');
$this->db->order_by("column_name", "random");
$result = $this->db->get()->result();

Q28. Why CodeIgniter is called as loosely based MVC framework?

Q29. What is an ORM, List ORM’s for CodeIgniter?

Object-relational mapping (ORM) is programming technique for converting data between incompatible type
systems using object-oriented programming languages. Below is the list of ORM’s supported by CodeIgniter
Framework
DataMapper
Doctrine
Gas ORM

Q30. Explain URL Helper? Can you list some commonly used URL helpers in
Codeigniter?

https://codeigniter-id.github.io/user-guide/helpers/url_helper.html

Q31. List the resources that can be autoloaded in Codeigniter?

The following items can be loaded automatically:

Classes found in the libraries/ directory
Helper files found in the helpers/ directory
Custom config files found in the config/ directory
Language files found in the system/language/ directory
Models found in the models/ folder

To autoload resources, open the application/config/autoload.php file and add the item you want loading to the
autoload array. You’ll find instructions in that file corresponding to each type of item.

Q32. In which files routes are defined in Codeigniter?

All Routing rules in Codeigniter are defined in your application/config/routes.php file.

Q33. In which directory logs are saved in Codeigniter? How to enable error logging in
Codeigniter?

By default, all logs in Codeigniter are stored in logs/ directory. To enable error logging you must set the
“threshold” for logging in application/config/config.php. Also, your logs/ must be writable.

$config['log_threshold'] = 1;

Q34. How many types of messages can you log in Codeigniter?

There are three message types in Codeigniter. They are :

Error Messages. These are actual errors, such as PHP errors or user errors.
Debug Messages. These are messages that assist in debugging. For example, if a class has been
 initialized, you could log this as debugging info.
Informational Messages. These are the lowest priority messages, simply giving information regarding
some process.

Q35. How to set csrf token in codeIgniter?

Csrf is used to set the protection in CodeIgniter. To set csrf, you have to put the corresponding config value
True.

Syntax: $config['csrf_protection'] = TRUE;