NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGINEERING

[Total = 10 Marks] Submission Deadline: 13-01-2021

CHAPTER # 3 [CLO-2]
Q1: A 1.8-m3 rigid tank contains steam at 220 C. One-third of the volume is in the liquid phase and the
rest is in the vapor form. Determine (a) the pressure of the steam, (b) the quality of the saturated mixture,
and (c) the density of the mixture.

Q2: A piston cylinder device contains 0.85 kg of refrigerant -134a at -10oC. The piston that is free to
move has a mass of 12 kg and a diameter of 25 cm. The local atmospheric pressure is 88 kPa. Now, heat
is transferred to refrigerant -134a until the temperature is 15oC. Determine (a) the final pressure, (b) the
change in the volume of the cylinder and (c) the change in the enthalpy of the refrigerant -134a.

Q3: 10-kg of R-134a at 300 kPa fills a rigid container whose volume is 14 L. Determine the temperature
and total enthalpy in the container. The container is now heated until the pressure is 600 kPa. Determine
the temperature and total enthalpy when the heating is completed.

Q4: 100-kg of R-134a at 200 kPa are contained in a piston cylinder device whose volume is 12.322 m3.
The piston is now moved until the volume is one-half its original size. This is done such that the pressure
of the R-134a does not change. Determine the final temperature and the change in the total internal energy
of the R-134a.

Q5: Water initially at 200 kPa and 300 C is contained in a piston-cylinder device fitted with stops. The
water is allowed to cool at constant pressure until it exists as a saturated vapor and the piston rests on the
stops. Then the water continues to cool until the pressure is 100 kPa. On the T-v diagrams sketch, with
respect to the saturation lines, the process curves passing through both the initial, intermediate, and final
states of the water. Label the T, P and v values for end states on the process curves. Find the overall
change in internal energy between the initial and final states per unit mass of water.

Q6: A piston–cylinder device contains 0.005 m3 of liquid water and 0.9 m3 of water vapor in equilibrium
at 600 kPa. Heat is transferred at constant pressure until the temperature reaches 200 C.
(a) What is the initial temperature of the water?
(b) Determine the total mass of the water.
(c) Calculate the final volume.
(d) Show the process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.

Q7: A rigid tank initially contains 1.4-kg saturated liquid water at 200 C. At this state, 25 percent of the
volume is occupied by water and the rest by air. Now heat is supplied to the water until the tank contains
saturated vapor only. Determine (a) the volume of the tank, (b) the final temperature and
Pressure and (c) the internal energy change of the water.

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Q8: A piston-cylinder device initially contains 50 L of liquid water at 40 C and 200 kPa. Heat is
transferred to the water at constant pressure until the entire liquid is vaporized.
(a) What is the mass of the water?
(b) What is the final temperature?
(c) Determine the total enthalpy change.
(d) Show the process on a T-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.

Q9: A rigid tank whose volume is unknown is divided into two parts by a partition. One side of the tank
contains an ideal gas at 927 C. The other side is evacuated and has a volume twice the size of the part
containing the gas. The partition is now removed and the gas expands to fill the entire tank. Heat is now
applied to the gas until the pressure equals the initial pressure. Determine the final temperature of thegas.

Q10: A 1 m3 tank containing air at 10oC and 350 kPa is connected through a valve to another tank
containing 3 kg of air at 35oC and 200 kPa. Now the valve is opened, and the entire system is allowed to
reach thermal equilibrium with the surrounding, which are at 20 oC. Determine the volume of the second
tank and the final equilibrium pressure of air.

CHAPTER # 4 [CLO-2]
Q1: The volume of 1 kg of helium in a piston cylinder device is initially 5 m3. Now helium is compressed
to 2 m3 while its pressure is maintained constant at 180 kPa. Determine the initial and final temperature of
helium as well as the work required to compress it, in KJ.

Q2: A rigid 10-L vessel initially contains a mixture of liquid water and vapor at 1008C with 12.3 percent
quality. The mixture is then heated until its temperature is 1508C. Calculate the heat transfer required for
this process.

Q3: A piston–cylinder device initially contains steam at 200 kPa, 200 C, and 0.4 m3. At this state, a
linear spring (F ~ x) is touching the piston but exerts no force on it. Heat is now slowly transferred to the
steam, causing the pressure and the volume to rise to 250 kPa and 0.6 m3, respectively. Show the process
on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines and determine (a) the final temperature, (b) the work
done by the steam, and (c) the total heat transferred.

Q4: A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.8 m3 of saturated water vapor at 250 kPa. At this state,
the piston is resting on a set of stops, and the mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 300 kPa is
required to move it. Heat is now slowly transferred to the steam until the volume doubles. Show the
process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines and determine (a) the final temperature, (b) the
work done during this process, and (c) the total heat transfer.

Q5: Steam at 75 kPa and 8 percent quality is contained in a spring-loaded piston–cylinder device, with an
initial volume of 2 m3. Steam is now heated until its volume is 5 m3 and its pressure is 225 kPa.
Determine the heat transferred to and the work produced by the steam during this process.

Q6: An insulated tank is divided into two parts by a partition. One part of the tank contains 2.5 kg of
compressed liquid water at 608C and 600 kPa while the other part is evacuated. The partition is now
removed, and the water expands to fill the entire tank. Determine the final temperature of the water and
the volume of the tank for a final pressure of 10 kPa.

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Q7: An insulated rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. Initially, one part contains 4 kg
of an ideal gas at 800 kPa and 50oC, and the other part is evacuated. The partition is now removed, and
the gas expands into the entire tank. Determine the final temperature and pressure in the tank.

Q8: A student living in a 3m*4m*4m dormitory room turns on her 100-W fan before she leaves the room
on a summer day, hoping that the room will be cooler when she come back in the evening. Assuming all
the door and windows are tightly closed and disregarding any heat transfer through the walls and the
windows, determine the temperature in the room when she come back 8 hours late. Use specific heat
values at room temperature, and assume the room to be at 100 kPa and 20 oC in the morning when she
leaves.

CHAPTER # 5 [CLO-2]

Q1: A 2 m3 rigid tank initially contains air whose density is 1.18 kg/m3. The tank is connected to a high
pressure supply line through a valve. The valve is opened, and air is allowed to enter the tank until the
density in the tank rises to 5.30 kg/m3. Determine the mass of air that has entered the tank.

Q2: A pump increases the water pressure from 100 kPa at the inlet to 900 kPa at the outlet. Water enters
this pump at 15 C through a 1-cm-diameter opening and exits through a 1.5-cm-diameter opening.
Determine the velocity of the water at the inlet and outlet when the mass flow rate through the pump is
0.5 kg/s. Will these velocities change significantly if the inlet temperature is raised to 40 C?

Q3: Refrigerant-134a enters a 28-cm-diameter pipe steadily at 200 kPa and 20 C with a velocity of 5 m/s.
The refrigerant gains heat as it flows and leaves the pipe at 180 kPa and 40 C. Determine (a) the volume
flow rate of the refrigerant at the inlet, (b) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant, and (c) the velocity and
volume flow rate at the exit.

Q4: Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigeration system as saturated vapor at 0.14 MPa, and
leaves as superheated vapor at 0.8 MPa and 608C at a rate of 0.06 kg/s. Determine the rates of energy
transfers by mass into and out of the compressor. Assume the kinetic and potential energies to be
negligible.

Q5: Steam is leaving a pressure cooker whose operating pressure is 150 kPa. It is observed that the
amount of liquid in the cooker has decreased by 2.3 L in 45 minutes after the steady operating conditions
are established, and the cross-sectional of the exit opening is 1cm2. Determine (a) the mass flow rate of
the steam and the exit velocity, (b) the total and flow energies of the steam per unit mass and (c) the rate
at which energy is leaving the cooker by steam.
Hint: The flow is steady. The kinetic and potential energies are negligible.

Q6: Steam enter a nozzle at 400oC and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s, and leaves at 300oC and 200
kPa while losing heat at a rate of 25 KW. For an inlet area of 800 cm2, determine the velocity and the
volume flow rate of the steam at nozzle exit.

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Q7: Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily at 1 MPa and 500 C with a mass flow rate of 6000
kg/h and leaves at 100 kPa and 450 m/s. The inlet area of the nozzle is 40 cm2. Determine (a) the inlet
velocity and (b) the exit temperature.

Q8: Refrigerant-134a enters a diffuser steadily as saturated vapor at 600 kPa with a velocity of 160 m/s,
and it leaves at 700 kPa and 40 C. The refrigerant is gaining heat at a rate of 2 kJ/s as it passes through the
diffuser. If the exit area is 80 percent greater than the inlet area, determine (a) the exit velocity and (b) the
mass flow rate of the refrigerant.

Q9: Air at 80 kPa, 27 C, and 220 m/s enters a diffuser at a rate of 2.5 kg/s and leaves at 42 C. The exit
area of the diffuser is 400 cm2. The air is estimated to lose heat at a rate of 18 kJ/s during this process.
Determine (a) the exit velocity and (b) the exit pressure of the air.

Q10: Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 10 MPa and 500 C and leaves at 10 kPa with a quality of 90
percent. Neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential energies, Determine the mass flow rate required
for a power output of 5 MW.

Q11: Steam flows steadily into a turbine with a mass flow rate of 26 kg/s and a negligible velocity at 6
MPa and 600C. The steam leaves the turbine at 0.5 MPa and 200 C with a velocity of 180 m/s. The rate of
work done by the steam in the turbine is measured to be 20 MW. If the elevation change between the
turbine inlet and exit is negligible, determine the rate of heat transfer associated with this process.

Q12: Air enters the compressor of a gas-turbine plant at ambient conditions of 100 kPa and 25 C with a
low velocity and exits at 1 MPa and 347 C with a velocity of 90 m/s. The compressor is cooled at a rate of
1500 kJ/min, and the power input to the compressor is 250 kW. Determine the mass flow rate of air
through the compressor