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What Is .NET Framework

The .NET Framework is a software development platform created by Microsoft for building Windows applications. It allows developers to use C# or Visual Basic to create desktop, web, and mobile applications. The .NET Framework includes common language runtime, class libraries, and compilers that enable applications to run on Windows. It provides features like memory management, security, and simplified deployment.

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180 views

What Is .NET Framework

The .NET Framework is a software development platform created by Microsoft for building Windows applications. It allows developers to use C# or Visual Basic to create desktop, web, and mobile applications. The .NET Framework includes common language runtime, class libraries, and compilers that enable applications to run on Windows. It provides features like memory management, security, and simplified deployment.

Uploaded by

Rod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is .NET Framework?

Explain
Architecture & Components
What is .Net Framework?
.Net Framework is a software development platform developed by Microsoft
for building and running Windows applications. The .Net framework consists
of developer tools, programming languages, and libraries to build desktop and
web applications. It is also used to build websites, web services, and games.

The .Net framework was meant to create applications, which would run on the
Windows Platform. The first version of the .Net framework was released in the
year 2002. The version was called .Net framework 1.0. The Microsoft .Net
framework has come a long way since then, and the current version is .Net
Framework 4.7.2.

The Microsoft .Net framework can be used to create both - Form-


based and Web-based applications. Web services can also be developed
using the .Net framework.

The framework also supports various programming languages such as Visual


Basic and C#. So developers can choose and select the language to develop
the required application. In this chapter, you will learn some basics of the .Net
framework.

In this .Net Architecture tutorial, you will learn .NET Framework basics-

 .Net Framework Architecture


 .NET Components
 .Net Framework Design Principle

.Net Framework Architecture


.Net Framework Architecture is a programming model for the .Net platform
that provides an execution environment and integration with various
programming languages for simple development and deployment of various
Windows and desktop applications. It consists of class libraries and reusable
components.

The basic architecture of the .Net framework is as shown below.


.Net Framework Architecture Diagram

.NET Components
The architecture of .Net framework is based on the following key components;

1. Common Language Runtime


The "Common Language Infrastructure" or CLI is a platform in .Net
architecture on which the .Net programs are executed.

The CLI has the following key features:

 Exception Handling - Exceptions are errors which occur when the


application is executed.

Examples of exceptions are:

o If an application tries to open a file on the local machine, but the


file is not present.
o If the application tries to fetch some records from a database, but
the connection to the database is not valid.
 Garbage Collection - Garbage collection is the process of removing
unwanted resources when they are no longer required.
Examples of garbage collection are

o A File handle which is no longer required. If the application has


finished all operations on a file, then the file handle may no longer
be required.
o The database connection is no longer required. If the application
has finished all operations on a database, then the database
connection may no longer be required.
 Working with Various programming languages –

As noted in an earlier section, a developer can develop an application in a


variety of .Net programming languages.

1. Language - The first level is the programming language itself, the most
common ones are VB.Net and C#.
2. Compiler – There is a compiler which will be separate for each
programming language. So underlying the VB.Net language, there will
be a separate VB.Net compiler. Similarly, for C#, you will have another
compiler.
3. Common Language Interpreter – This is the final layer in .Net which
would be used to run a .net program developed in any programming
language. So the subsequent compiler will send the program to the CLI
layer to run the .Net application.
2. Class Library
The .NET Framework includes a set of standard class libraries. A class library
is a collection of methods and functions that can be used for the core purpose.

For example, there is a class library with methods to handle all file-level
operations. So there is a method which can be used to read the text from a
file. Similarly, there is a method to write text to a file.

Most of the methods are split into either the System.* or Microsoft.*
namespaces. (The asterisk * just means a reference to all of the methods that
fall under the System or Microsoft namespace)

A namespace is a logical separation of methods. We will learn these


namespaces more in detail in the subsequent chapters.

3. Languages
The types of applications that can be built in the .Net framework is classified
broadly into the following categories.

 WinForms – This is used for developing Forms-based applications,


which would run on an end user machine. Notepad is an example of a
client-based application.
 ASP.Net – This is used for developing web-based applications, which
are made to run on any browser such as Internet Explorer, Chrome or
Firefox.
o The Web application would be processed on a server, which
would have Internet Information Services Installed.
o Internet Information Services or IIS is a Microsoft component
which is used to execute an Asp.Net application.
o The result of the execution is then sent to the client machines,
and the output is shown in the browser.
 ADO.Net – This technology is used to develop applications to interact
with Databases such as Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server.

Microsoft always ensures that .Net frameworks are in compliance with all the
supported Windows operating systems.

.Net Framework Design Principle


Now in this .Net Architecture tutorial, we will learn the design priciples of .Net
framework. The following design principles of the .Net framework is what
makes it very relevant to create .Net based applications.

1. Interoperability - The .Net framework provides a lot of backward


support. Suppose if you had an application built on an older version of
the .Net framework, say 2.0. And if you tried to run the same application
on a machine which had the higher version of the .Net framework, say
3.5. The application would still work. This is because with every release,
Microsoft ensures that older framework versions gel well with the latest
version.
2. Portability- Applications built on the .Net framework can be made to
work on any Windows platform. And now in recent times, Microsoft is
also envisioning to make Microsoft products work on other platforms,
such as iOS and Linux.
3. Security - The .NET Framework has a good security mechanism. The
inbuilt security mechanism helps in both validation and verification of
applications. Every application can explicitly define their security
mechanism. Each security mechanism is used to grant the user access
to the code or to the running program.
4. Memory management - The Common Language runtime does all the
work or memory management. The .Net framework has all the capability
to see those resources, which are not used by a running program. It
would then release those resources accordingly. This is done via a
program called the "Garbage Collector" which runs as part of the .Net
framework.

The garbage collector runs at regular intervals and keeps on checking


which system resources are not utilized, and frees them accordingly.

5. Simplified deployment - The .Net framework also have tools, which can
be used to package applications built on the .Net framework. These
packages can then be distributed to client machines. The packages
would then automatically install the application.

Summary

 .Net is a programming language developed by Microsoft. It was


designed to build applications which could run on the Windows platform.
 The .Net programming language can be used to develop Forms based
applications, Web based applications, and Web services.
 Developers can choose from a variety of programming languages
available on the Microsoft .Net framework platform. The most common
ones are VB.Net and C#.

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