Unit of Competency: Construct Geometrical Figures

Module No.: 2 Module Title: Constructing Geometrical Figures

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

How to Use this Module ……………………………………………….. I

Introduction ……………………………………………….. ii
Technical Terms …………………………………………………………. Iii

Learning Outcome 1 – Bisect Lines, Arcs, Circles & Angles ……….. 1

Learning Experiences/Activities …………………………………. 2
Information Sheet 1.1 …………………………………………… 3
Operation sheet 1.1 ……………………………………………….. 5
Self- Check Sheet 1.1 …………………………………………………… 11
Self – Check 1.2 …………………………………………………….. 13

Learning Outcome 2 – Draw Regular Polygons ……………………… 15

Learning Experiences/Activities ………………………………….. 16
Information Sheet 2.1 ……………………………………………… 17
Operation Sheet 2.1 ……………………………………………… 18
Self Check 2.1 ………………………………………………………… 23

Learning Outcome 3 – Draw Regular Solids …………………………. 24

Learning Experiences/Activities …………………………………….. 25
Information Sheet 3.1 ………………………………………………. 26
Self – Check 3.2 ……………………………………………… 29
Assessment Resources ………………………………………………….. 30
Answer Key …………………………………………………………………. 32-35
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Activities are properly arranged in this module to help you work on

your own pace. This module also covers the knowledge, skills, and desirable
attitude you need in technical drawing.

A Pre-assessment precedes the learning activities in each module to

determine your learning level and need.

The Learning Activity Page gives the sequence of the learning task.
This page serves as the road map in achieving the desired objectives.

When you are able to accomplish all the tasks required, a post-
assessment is given to check if the student is already competent with the
specified learning outcome/s and ready for the next task.

Definitions of terms are provided in this module for your better

understanding.
Program/Course : TECHNICAL DRAWING I

Unit of Competency : CONSTRUCT GEOMETRICAL FIGURE

Module Title : Constructing Geometrical Figures

INTRODUCTION

This module is designed for the student to familiarize with geometrical

figures and plane geometry and to be able to draw mechanically using
compass, triangle, dividers, pencils and erasers. The basic knowledge in
geometric construction which will be integrated or applied in any area of
specialization are discussed in this module.

Accuracy, proper practice in holding different materials and

instruments and safety measures are also included in this module.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon the completion of this module, you will be able to:
LO1 Bisect lines, arcs, circles, and angles
LO2 Draw regular polygons
LO3 Draw regular solids
 TECHNICAL TERMS

Bisect- means to divide in half.

Degree- is a unit of angular measurement.
Divider- is a device used to transfer measurements or to scribe arcs on hard
Surfaces.
Hexagon- is a polygon with six sides.
Octagon- is a polygon with eight sides.
Pentagon- is a polygon with five sides.
Radius- is the length of a straight line connecting the center of a circle with
a point on the circumference of a circle.
Vertex- is a point in the intersection of two or more sides.
Inscribe- means a polygon is drawn inside a circle.
Circumscribe- means a polygon is drawn outside the circle.
Tetrahedron- is a solid with four triangles.
Hexahedron- is a cube.
Octahedron- is a solid with eight triangles.
Dodecahedron- is a solid with twelve pentagons.
Icosahedron- is a solid with twenty triangles.
Prism- has two bases which are parallel equal polygon.
Pyramid- has a polygon for a base and triangular lateral faces intersecting
at a common point called vertex.
Cylinder- is generated by a straight line called the generatrix, moving in
contact with a curve line and always remaining parallel.
Cone – is generated by a straight line moving in contact with a curved line in
passing through a fix point.
Sphere- is generated by a circle revolving about one of each diameter.
Program/Course : TECHNICAL DRAWING I

Unit of Competency : CONSTRUCT GEOMETRICAL FIGURE

Module Title : Constructing Geometrical Figures

Learning Outcome 1: Bisect lines, Arcs, Circles and Angles

Assessment Criteria

1. Drawing tools and instruments in bisecting lines, angles and arcs are
identified.
2. Appropriate steps and procedures are demonstrated in bisecting lines,
arcs, circle and angle.
3. Geometric figures are accurately constructed.
4. Proper handling of drafting tools and equipment is observed.
5. All drafting tools, equipment and materials are well taken care of.
6. Safety work habits are manifested.

References:
Giesecke, Mitchell, and Spencer. Technical Drawing; The Macmillan
Company: 1949.

French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; MacGraw, Hill Book Company,10 th

editon: 1960

German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983

Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing:

1977

1
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome # 1: Bisect lines, arcs, circles, and angles.

Learning Activities Special Instruction

1. Read information sheet no. 1

on bisecting lines, arcs,
circles, and angles.
▪ Try to answer self-check no. 2.1.
2. Answer self check no. 1.1

3. Check your answers using the

answer key.

4. Read operation sheet no. 1.1

about the procedure in
bisecting lines, arcs, circles,
and angles. ▪ Try to perform the said
Activity.
5. Perform task on self check no. ▪ Consult your teacher on the
1.2. items which are difficult to
perform.
6. Review the steps in operation
sheet no. 1.1 if some steps
were not properly
demonstrated.

2
 INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1

LO1 : Bisect lines, arcs, circles and angles

Geometric Construction

Constructing Geometric Forms with drawing instruments is always

observed in Technical Drawing. They are in the form of lines, angles, ellipses,
quadrilaterals, solids, circle and polygons.

Classifications of Drawing Tools

Scrubing
Measuring Dividing Inscribing Straight Edge

T-square Compass Compass T-square

Triangles Divider Divider Triangles

Triangular Scale Circular Templates Foot Rule

emplates
Foot Rule

Care and Maintenance of Drawing Tools

• Do not use compass or divider as pick.

• Never use the edge of straight ledge in cutting with knife or cutter.
• Use clean dump cloth in cleaning the T – Square & Triangle.
• Never use the triangular scale in drawing lines.
• Always use a sharp pencil.

3
Proper Handling of Drafting Tools & Equipment

• Use T-Square in drawing horizontal lines.

• Use triangles in drawing vertical & inclined lines.
• Hold the compass by the handle while making circular features.
• Hold the pencil 60º angle while drawing.

Safety Reminders to Remember while Drawing

• Be sure to keep your hands and instruments clean.

• Never sharpen pencil over your board while working.
• Avoid eating sticky and wet food while drawing.
• Always listen to the instruction of the teacher on how a drawing
will be done.
• Concentrate. A person who concentrates well in his work will be
able to do work accurately, neatly and will be able to finish at the
given time frame.

4
 Operation Sheet No. 1.1

LO1 : Bisect Lines, Arcs, Circles and Angles

Steps in Bisecting Lines

A B

1. Given Line AB

A B
2. Strike arcs greater than the radius with points A and B as centers.

A O B

3. Through the intersections of the arcs at 1 and 2, draw a light vertical line.
This line will divide the given line AB at point O. Line AO equals line OB.

5
Steps in Bisecting Arc

A B

A B

1.Given an Arc AB connect the extremities of the arc with a straight line.
Use the same procedure as in bisecting a line.

6
 O

A B

2. Strike arcs passing through the given arc. Connect the two intersections with a
line to reveal your bisected arc. Arc AO equals arc OB.

Steps in Bisecting Angle

A
B

7
 1
A
B

1.Given an angle ABC, With B as center, strike an arc in any convenient

radius passing through the given angle and name the intersections
1 and 2

1
A
B

2. Now strike another arc using the intersections 1 and 2 as your centers.

1
A
B

C
3. Connect vertex of angle (B) to intersecting arcs (O) for angle’s
bisector. Angle ABO equals angle OBC.

8
Steps in Bisecting Circle

1.Given a circle strike an arc from the circumference greater than the
radius.

9
2. Repeat Step 2 at the opposite through approximation. Your arc this time
intersects the existing arcs.

3. Now connect the two intersecting arcs with each other with a line
tocomplete your bisected circle.

10
 SELF – CHECK 1.1

LO1. Bisect Lines, Arc, Circle and Angle

.

I. DIRECTION: Read each sentence carefully. Choose the letter that

corresponds to your answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on the space provided.

-------------1. A tool used for drawing circular features.

a. compass b. Triangle c. T-Square d. Protractor

-------------2. Which of the following is the primary use of the T-square?

a. Drawing vertical lines
b. Diagonal lines
c. Drawing horizontal lines
d. Scribing circular features

-------------3. This tool is used to measure out distances.

a. Triangular scale b. Protractor c. Compass d. Divider

-------------4 Dividing lines requires the use of____________________.

a. Circular template b. Protractor c. Divider d. French

curve

--------------5. The following are ways in handling drafting tools and

equipment properly EXCEPT:
a. Hold the pencil 60º angle while drawing.
b. Use T-square line drawing horizontal lines.
c. Always use a sharp pencil.
d. Use the triangles in drawing vertical & inclined lines.

11
II Enumeration:

Give 5 safety reminders to remember while drawing.

1.
2
3
4.
5.

12
 SELF – CHECK # 1.2

LO1. Bisect lines, arc, circle and angle

Procedure:

1. Prepare drawing instruments.

2. Perform bisecting line, arcs, circles and angle on the following
given figures.

Bisect lines

13
Bisect arcs.

Bisect an angle.

Bisect a circle.

14
Program/Course : TECHNICAL DRAWING I

Unit of Competency : CONSTRUCT GEOMETRICAL FIGURE

Module Title : Constructing Geometrical Figures

Learning Outcome 2: Draw regular polygons

Assessment Criteria:

1. Regular polygons are correctly identified.

2. Appropriate steps and procedures are demonstrated in drawing
regular polygons.
3. Tools and instrument in drawing regular polygons are identified.
4. Regular polygons are drawn according to standard specifications.
5. All drafting tools, equipment and materials are well taken care of.
6. Safety work habits are manifested.

References:
1. Giesecke, Mitchell, and Spencer. Technical Drawing; The Macmillan
Company: 1949.

2. French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; MacGraw, Hill Book

Company,10th editon: 1960

3. German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983

4. Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing:

1977

15
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome # 2: Draw Regular Polygon

Learning Activities Special Instruction

1. Read information sheet no. 2.

about the kinds of polygon.

2. Perform operation sheet no. ▪ Try to perform the said activity

2.1 with 80% level of accuracy.

3. If the 80% level of accuracy

was not achieved, go over
again with the activity.
▪ Try to perform the job sheet for
4. Proceed to operation sheet no. self checking.
2.1.

5. If there are items not perfectly

done in the job sheet, repeat
the activity.

16
 INFORMATION SHEET # 2.1

LO2. Draw regular polygons

Polygons

A polygon is a plane figure bounded by straight lines.

Regular Polygons

If a polygon has equal angles & equal sides, it can be inscribed in or

circumscribed around a circle

Inscribe Circumscribe

Common Regular Polygon

Triangle square pentagon hexagon octagon

17
 OPERATION SHEET # 2.1

LO2. draw regular polygon

Procedures:

1. Draw a 4 cm. horizontal line (fig. 1)

FIGURE 1

2. Extend the line with its same length. (fig. 2)

FIGURE 2

18
 3. Draw a semi circle, using the center of the combined line
which endpoints will be its diameter (fig. 3).

FIGURE 3

4. Now, divide the semi-circle into 6 equal parts as if you were

slicing a pizza. The 6 parts are the hexagon’s number of equal
sides. (Fig. 4).

FIGURE 4

19
5. Bisect the third line from your extended line (See fig. 5)

FIGURE 5

6. Now bisect your given line (See fig. 6).

FIGURE 6

20
 7. Connect the two bisectors of your line to locate the
center of your circumscribed hexagon ( Fig. 7).

FIGURE 7

8. Draw a circle. The intersection from fig. 7 will be the

center of your circle and one of the endpoints of your
given line will serve as your radius (Fig. 8).

FIGURE 8

21
 9. Extend your divided line to the circumference of your circle.

FIGURE 9

10. Connect intersections of the lines that were extended to other

intersection of your extended lines (fig. 10).

FIGURE 10

Note:
Teacher may use other methods.

22
 SELF – CHECK NO. 2.1

LO2. draw regular polygon

Direction: Referring to your operation sheet #2.1, draw a Circumscribed

pentagon.

Given: 4 cm line

23
Program/Course : TECHNICAL DRAWING I

Unit of Competency : CONSTRUCT GEOMETRICAL FIGURE

Module Title : Constructing Geometrical Figures

Learning Outcome 3: Draw regular solids

Assessment Criteria:

1. Regular solids are correctly identified.

2. Tools and instruments in drawing regular solids are identified.
3. Regular solids are drawn according to exact shape.
4. All drafting tools, equipment and materials are well taken care of.
5. Safety work habits are manifested.

Resources:
1. Giesecke, Mitchell, and Spencer. Technical Drawing; The Macmillan
Company: 1949.

2. French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; MacGraw, Hill Book

Company,10th editon: 1960

3. German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983

4. Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing:

1977

24
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome # 3: Draw regular solids

Learning Activities Special Instruction

1. Read information sheet no. 3

about the kinds of solid.

2. Perform self check no. 3.1. ▪ Try to perform the said activity for
self checking.

3. If the activity was not properly

accomplished, practice again to
achieve accuracy.
4. Answer self check no. 3.2

25
 INFORMATION SHEET # 3.1

LO3. Draw regular solids

Drawing Regular Solids

Solids - are figures bounded by plane surfaces.

The five regular solids

Tetrahedron, Hexahedron, Octahedron, Dodecahedron, Icosahedron

(4 triangles) (cube) (8 triangles) (12 pentagons) (20 triangles)
Prism- has two bases which are parallel equal polygon and three or more
lateral faces which are parallelogram.

Right Right Oblique

square rectangular rectangular

Pyramid- has a polygon for a base and triangular lateral faces intersecting
at a common point called vertex.

Right Right Square Oblique

Triangular pentagonal

26
Cylinder- is generated by a straight line called the generatrix, moving in
contact with a curve line and always remaining parallel.

Right Oblique
Circular Circular

Cone – is generated by a straight line moving in contact with a curve line in

passing through a fix point.

Right circular Oblique circle Oblique

circle
(frustum)
(truncated)

Sphere- is generated by a circle revolving about one of each diameter.

27
 SELF CHECK # 3.1

LO3. Draw regular solids

Procedure:
1. Draw regular solids and label them properly. ( Dimension is optional )

28
 SELF CHECK # 3.2

LO3. Draw regular solids

Direction: Write the correct answer on the space provided before each
number.

___________________________1. It is a solid with eight triangles.

___________________________2. It is a regular solid with four triangles.
___________________________3. It is a cube solid.
___________________________4. A regular solid with twenty triangles.
___________________________5. A solid composed of twelve pentagon.

29
 ASSESSMENT RESOURCES

Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics

Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total

Performance Criteria:

▪ Accuracy
50 pts - The output is accurately done.
45 pts - Two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - Six to ten errors are observed on the output.
▪ Speed
10 pts - The output is done 5 minutes before the time.
8 pts - The output is done on time.
6 pts. - The output is done after the allotted time.
▪ Neatness
25 pts. - has no error
20 pts - has two to three erasures
15 pts - has four or more erasures

30
Lettering/Labeling
15 pts. - All pieces of information are completely indicated and 12
legibly printed.
pts. - All pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.
10 pts. - All pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing and misspelled.
8 pts. - Pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are
misspelled.

31
 ANSWER KEY 1.1

Test I.
1. a
2. c
3. b
4. c
5. a
Test II. Enumeration.
1. Be sure to keep your hands and instruments clean.
2. Never sharpen pencil over your board while working.
3. Avoid eating and touching sticky and wet thing while drawing.
4. Always listen to the instruction of the teacher on how a drawing
will be done?
5. Concentrate. A person who concentrates well in his work will be
able to do work accurately, neatly and will be able to finish at the
given time frame.

2
ANSWER KEY 1.2
( Teacher’s check)

Self-Check 1.2

3
ANSWER KEY 2.1
( Teacher’s check)
Self-Check 2.1

4
 ANSWER KEY 3.1

a. Octahedron
b. Tetrahedron
c. Hexahedron
d. Icosahedron
e. Dodecahedron