Activity A Work in pairs. Match 1-9 with a-i to make sentences. 1 The new law could lead a onourlives. 2 The roadworks are likely to cause b in job losses. 3 Art can have a positive effect ¢ the result of the election. 4 Weare living longer as a result d to more protests. 5 The new plans could result onyounger people. 6 Their decision could affect f more delays. 7 Fizzy drinks have a negative effect g that this drug may have. 8 Doctors don't know the effect h of better healthcare, 9 Pop stars can have a big influence i onourheatth Activity B Read the ideas in the agenda below. Then discuss the situations. Write sentences giving your opinion on each idea in the agenda below. Use the prompts in the box. Then discuss the situations. This could have a positive/negative effect because... This could resultin This will/may affect... | think this will lead to... This will have an influence on This will probably cause... | think... asa result ofthis. RADICAL AGENDA FOR CHANGE ‘These ideas have emerged from a working party on proposals to transform our lives for the better. Please discuss the suggestions and tell us your views. 1 Teenagers must stay at school until they are 18. 2 People should only be paid their salary every three months. 3 Smartphones should be banned on all forms of transport. 4 People can only work four days a week. 5 The age people are allowed to drive should be lowered to 16. 6 Parents are not allowed to take their children to school by carmust mustn’t needn’t must and mustn’t 1 You must do something =it is necessary that you doit: Don't tell anybody what | said. You must keep it a secret. Wedon'thave much time. We must hurry. You mustn't do something= don't do it: You must keep it secret. You mustn't tell anyone. (= don't tell anyone) We must bevery quiet. We mustn’t make any noise. needn't and don’t need to 1 You needn’t do something = it's not necessary to do it (but you can if you want): Wehave plenty of time. Weneedn’t hurry. (=itisnot necessary to hurry) Joe canstay here. He needn't come with us. (= itis not necessary for him to come) You can also use don’t/doesn’t need to: Wedon’t need to hurry, Note that we say ‘don’t need to do; but ‘needn’t do’ (without to), Compare needn’t and mustn't Youneedn’t tell Steve. Ican tell him myself. (=itis not necessary) You mustn’t tell Steve. I don’t want him to know. (=don't tell him) Exercises [F255 which goes with which? Find the sentences with a similar meaning. 1 You must be very quiet You mustn't stay here. 1 uf. 2 You must remember your password, You mustn't be afraid, 2 3. You must be brave. © You mustn't think about it, 3 4 You must be on time. You mustn't forget it 4 5 You must leave the furniture as itis. © You mustn't be late. 5 6 You must go away. f You mustn't make-any noise. 6 7 You must forget what happened. g You mustn't move anything 7 eI Which is correct? We have plenty of time. We mustn't / needn't hurry. (needn't is correct) 2iThavataiallets Gary. iis / iis Tememberto callhim 3 Ihave to talk to Gary. | mustn't / needn't forget to call him. 4 There's plenty of time for you to decide. You mustn't / don’t need to decide now. 5 These are important documents. We mustn’t/ needn't lose them: © You mustn't / needn't wait forme. You go on and Pljoin you later. 7 This is a dangerous situation and we need to be careful, We mustn't / needn’t do anything stupid. 8 | understand the situation perfectly. You mustn't / don't need to explain further. 9: What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big? 2: It mustn't / needn't be big - that's not so important. But it must / mustn't have a nice garden, [F253] complete the sentences. Use needn’t + verb. Choose from: come keep —leave.—walk_— worry 1 We have plenty of time. We....neednn’t. leave... yet.