12/11/2020 Chapter 4 MC Test

Chapter 4 MC Test Total points 9/10

The respondent's email address ([email protected]) was recorded on submission of this

form.

Name: *

Olivia Leoniak

Period: *

2A

2B

1. A florist wanted to investigate whether a new powder added to the water of 1/1
cut flowers helps to keep the flowers fresh longer than just water alone. For a
shipment of roses that was delivered to the store, the florist flipped a coin
before placing each rose in its own individual container with water. If the coin
landed heads up, the rose was placed in water with the new powder;
otherwise, the rose was placed in water alone. Which of the following is the
best description of the method used by the florist? *

A census, because all roses are assigned to a container

An experiment with a completely randomized design

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An experiment with a blocked design, with blocking by type of water

An experiment with a matched-pairs design

An observational study

2. A dog food company wishes to test a new high-protein formula for puppy 0/1
food to determine whether it promotes faster weight gain than the existing
formula for that puppy food. Puppies participating in an experiment will be
weighed at weaning (when they begin to eat puppy food) and will be weighed
at one-month intervals for one year. In designing this experiment, the
investigators wish to reduce the variability due to natural differences in puppy
growth rates. Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for
accomplishing this? *

Block on dog breed and randomly assign puppies to existing and new formula groups
within each breed.

Block on geographic location and randomly assign puppies to existing and new
formula groups within each geographic area.

Stratify on dog breed and randomly sample puppies within each breed. Then assign
puppies by breed to either the existing or the new formula.

Stratify on geographic location of the puppies and randomly sample puppies within
each geographic area. Then assign puppies by geographic area to either the existing
or the new formula.

Stratify on gender and randomly sample puppies within gender groups. Then assign
puppies by gender to either the existing or the new formula.

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3. In a recent poll of 1,500 randomly selected eligible voters, only 525 (35 1/1
percent) said that they did not vote in the last election. However, a vote count
showed that 80 percent of eligible voters actually did not vote in the last
election. Which of the following types of bias is most likely to have occurred in
the poll? *

Nonresponse bias

Sampling bias

Selection bias

Response bias

Undercoverage bias

4. A recent study examined 699 car accidents in Toronto over a fourteen- 1/1
month period. Records of phone-service providers were used to determine
whether the driver was using a cell phone during or immediately before the
accident. Overall, the researchers found that drivers using cell phones were
4.3 times as likely to have an accident as drivers who were not using cell
phones. The result was statistically significant. Which of the following can be
concluded from this study? *

Cell phone use increases the likelihood of a car accident.

There is an association between cell phone use and accidents, but not necessarily a
causal relationship.

There is a correlation between cell phone use and accidents, but not necessarily an
association

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The association between cell phone use and accidents is negative.

Cell phone use causes more accidents in Canada, but not necessarily in the United
States.

5. Which of the following distinguishes an observational study from a 1/1

randomized experiment? *

In an observational study volunteers are always used, whereas in a randomized

experiment a random sample is always taken from the population.

In an observational study a random sample is always taken from the population,

whereas in a randomized experiment volunteers are always used.

In an observational study treatments are not randomly assigned, whereas in a

randomized experiment treatments are randomly assigned.

In an observational study a control group is never used, whereas in a randomized

experiment a control group is always used.

An observational study can be double-blind, whereas a randomized experiment can

only be single-blind because the experimenter determines who is randomly assigned
to each treatment.

6. A well-designed experiment should have which of the following 1/1

characteristics? I. Subjects assigned randomly to treatments II. A control
group or at least two treatment groups III. Replication *

I only

I and II only

I and III only

II and III only

I, II and III

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7. The buyer for an electronics store wants to estimate the proportion of 1/1
defective wireless game controllers in a shipment of 5,000 controllers from
the store's primary supplier. The shipment consists of 200 boxes each
containing 25 controllers. The buyer numbers the boxes from 1 to 200 and
randomly selects six numbers in that range. She then opens the six boxes with
the corresponding numbers, examines all 25 controllers in each of these
boxes, and determines the proportion of the 150 controllers that are
defective. What type of sample is this? *

Biased random sample

Nonrandom sample

Simple random sample

Stratified random sample

Cluster random sample

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8. Publishers of a magazine wish to determine what proportion of the 1/1

magazine's 50,000 subscribers are pleased with their subscription. The
publishers intend to mail a survey to 1,000 subscribers randomly selected
from those who have received the magazine for 5 years or more. This
introduces selection bias, since long-subscribing customers are more likely to
be pleased with their subscription. Which of the following would best
eliminate selection bias? *

Mail surveys to 2,000 subscribers randomly selected from those who have received
the magazine for 5 years or more.

Mail surveys to 1,000 subscribers randomly selected from those who have received
the magazine for 1 year or less.

Mail surveys to 1,000 subscribers randomly selected from all subscribers.

Mail surveys to 1,000 subscribers randomly selected from those who have received
the magazine for 5 years or more and 1,000 subscribers randomly selected from
those who have received the magazine for 1 year or less.

Mail surveys to 500 subscribers randomly selected from a group who have received a
free six-month subscription within the past year.

9. A school principal wanted to investigate student opinion about the food 1/1
served in the school cafeteria. The principal selected at random samples of
50 first-year students, 50 second-year students, 50 third-year students, and
50 fourth-year students to complete a questionnaire. Which of the following
best describes the principal’s sampling plan? *

A stratified random sample

A simple random sample

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A cluster sample

A convenience sample

A systematic sample

10. Approximately 52 percent of all recent births were boys. In a simple 1/1
random sample of 100 recent births, 49 were boys and 51 were girls. The most
likely explanation for the difference between the observed results and the
expected results in this case is *

bias

variability due to sampling

nonsampling error

a sampling frame that is incomplete

confounding

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