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Technical note

Overview of ST-LINK derivatives

Introduction
In this document, ST-LINK is a generic name referring to different implementations of a debugger/programmer probe interface
for STMicroelectronics microcontrollers. ST-LINK is also the part number of the first implementation of this probe (now obsolete),
which is further called ST-LINK/V1 in this document in order to avoid confusion.
This technical note provides an overview of all ST-LINK versions for stand-alone or embedded implementations:
• Stand-alone probes
– ST-LINK/V1 (obsolete)
– ST-LINK/V2
– STLINK-V3SET
– STLINK-V3MINI
– STLINK-V3MODS
• Embedded interface in development boards
– STM32 Nucleo boards
– STM32 Discovery kits
– STM32 Eval boards
– STM8 MCU Eval boards
It also refers to the ST-LINK firmware upgrade application (STSW-LINK007), and ST-LINK drivers (STSW-LINK009).

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Overview of the ST-LINK versions

1 Overview of the ST-LINK versions

1.1 Brief history of the ST-LINK versions

The several ST-LINK coexisting versions result from the incremental addition of new functionalities over time,
starting from the first ST-LINK/V1 version. This section presents a brief history of the incremental changes in the
naming of the versions.
The first two versions of ST-LINK are both stand-alone and embedded in STMicroelectronics Discovery and Eval
boards. These versions are:
• ST-LINK/V1 (now obsolete)
• ST-LINK/V2
A third ST-LINK version, ST-LINK/V2-1, is an evolution of ST-LINK/V2,with the addition of USB interfaces (mass
storage interface and Virtual COM port), and better power management control for the STM32 microcontroller in
the application board. ST-LINK/V2-1 is deployed on recent STMicroelectronics Discovery, Eval, and Nucleo
boards.
Two other versions, derived from the ST-LINK/V2 version, have been implemented afterwards, in order to support
some of the functionalities of the ST-LINK/V2-1:
• ST-LINK/V2-A, for mass storage
• ST-LINK/V2-B, for mass storage and Virtual COM port
STLINK-V3 is the most recent and powerful ST-LINK generation. It is firstly introduced as a modular stand-alone
probe (STLINK-V3SET) adapted as more compact derivatives (STLINK-V3MINI and STLINK-V3MODS), and may
also be embedded into demonstration boards (STLINK-V3E). STLINK-V3 features a specially developped multi-
path USB bridge function.
The various ST-LINK implementations embed an STM32 32-bit microcontroller based on the Arm® Cortex®‑M
processor.
Note: Arm is a registered trademark of Arm Limited (or its subsidiaries) in the US and/or elsewhere.

1.2 ST-LINK USB interfaces

1.2.1 Overview
ST-LINK/V1 and ST-LINK/V2 embed a unique interface (ST debug) with the USB. When powered up, the boards
are in firmware-upgrade mode (also called DFU for "Device Firmware Upgrade”), allowing firmware to be updated
through the USB. Dedicated commands switch the ST-LINK from the firmware-upgrade to the STM8 or STM32
debug mode (depending on firmware capability). There is no similar command to switch back to the firmware-
upgrade mode (a power cycle is required).
ST-LINK/V2-1, ST-LINK/V2-A and ST-LINK/V2-B are composite USB devices with a mass storage and a Virtual
COM port interface to the USB, in addition to the ST debug interface. They directly run firmware when power up.
The firmware-upgrade mode is entered through a dedicated command managed by the ST-LINK upgrade
applications.
STLINK-V3 is also a composite USB device. Similarly to the ST-LINK/V2-X versions, it features mass storage,
Virtual COM port, and the ST proprietary debug interface; Additionally, it can also present a bridge interface and a
second Virtual COM port (for STLINK-V3SET and STLINK-V3MODS; Refer to their corresponding user manuals
UM2448 and UM2502). The bridge interface can be used through the STLINK-V3-BRIDGE host software
package provided on www.st.com.

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ST-LINK USB interfaces

1.2.2 USB interface selection

On ST-LINK/V2-1 boards, it is possible to disable and restore the mass storage interface by means of the
STLinkUpgrade applications (refer to Figure 1), while on STLINK-V3SET and STLINK-V3MODS it is possible to
replace the mass storage interface by a second Virtual COM port (refer to Figure 2).

Figure 1. ST-LINK/V2-1 mass storage interface activation

Figure 2. STLINK-V3 firmware selection for a second Virtual COM port

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Overview of features

2 Overview of features

The user manual is the reference document to know which ST-LINK version is embedded in a given board
(Nucleo, Discovery or Eval). The next sections in this chapter present an overview of the features supported by
each ST-LINK version.

2.1 ST-LINK/V1 key features (now obsolete)

• 5 V power supplied by a USB connector
• USB 2.0 full-speed compatible interface
• USB Type-A to Mini-B cable provided
• SWIM specific feature: 1.65 V to 5.5 V application voltage support on the SWIM interface
• SWIM low-speed and high-speed modes support
• SWIM programming speed rates: 9.7 kbyte/s in low-speed, 12.8 kbyte/s in high-speed
• SWIM cable for connection to an application with an ERNI standard connector
– Vertical connector reference: 284697 or 214017
– Horizontal connector reference: 214012
• SWIM cable for connection to an application with pin headers or 2.54 mm pitch connector
• JTAG/serial wire debug (SWD) specific features: 3 V to 3.6 V application voltage support on the JTAG/SWD
interface and 5 V tolerant inputs
• JTAG/SWD cable provided for connection to a standard JTAG 20-pin 2.54 mm pitch connector
• Direct firmware update support (DFU)
• Status LED blinking during the communication with the PC
• Operating temperature from 0 °C to 50 °C

2.2 ST-LINK/V2 key features

• 5 V power supplied by a USB connector
• USB 2.0 full-speed compatible interface
• USB Type-A to Mini-B cable provided
• SWIM specific feature: 1.65 V to 5.5 V application voltage support on the SWIM interface
• SWIM low-speed and high-speed modes support
• SWIM programming speed rates: 9.7 kbyte/s in low-speed, 12.8 kbyte/s in high-speed
• SWIM cable for connection to an application with an ERNI standard connector
– Vertical connector reference: 284697 or 214017
– Horizontal connector reference: 214012
• SWIM cable for connection to an application with pin headers or 2.54 mm pitch connector
• JTAG/serial wire debug (SWD) specific features: 1.65 V to 3.6 V application voltage support on the
JTAG/SWD interface and 5 V tolerant inputs
• JTAG cable for connection to a standard JTAG 20-pin 2.54 mm pitch connector
• JTAG support
• SWD and serial wire viewer (SWV) communication support
• Direct firmware update support (DFU)
• Status LED blinking during the communication with the PC
• Operating temperature from 0 °C to 50 °C
• 1000 Vrms high isolation voltage (ST-LINK/V2-ISOL only)

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ST-LINK/V2-1 key features

2.3 ST-LINK/V2-1 key features

The changes versus ST-LINK/V2 are listed below:
• New features supported by ST-LINK/V2-1:
– USB software re-enumeration
– Virtual COM port interface on USB
– Mass storage interface on USB
– USB power management request for more than 100 mA power-on USB
• Features not supported by ST-LINK/V2-1:
– SWIM interface
– Minimum supported application voltage depends on hardware implementation. For details, refer to the
user manual of the board.

2.4 ST-LINK/V2-A key features

The changes versus ST-LINK/V2 are listed below:
• New features supported by ST-LINK/V2-A:
– Virtual COM port interface on USB, under conditions: refer to the user manual of the board for details.
– Mass storage interface on USB
• Features not supported by ST-LINK/V2-A:
– SWIM interface
– Minimum supported application voltage limited to 3 V
– USB power management request for more than 100 mA power-on USB

2.5 ST-LINK/V2-B key features

The changes versus ST-LINK/V2 are listed below:
• New features supported by ST-LINK/V2-B:
– Virtual COM port interface on USB
– Mass storage interface on USB
• Features not supported by ST-LINK/V2-B:
– SWIM interface
– Minimum supported application voltage limited to 3 V
– USB power management request for more than 100 mA power-on USB

2.6 STLINK-V3SET key features

• Stand-alone probe with modular extensions
• Self-powered through a USB connector (Micro-B)
• USB 2.0 high-speed compatible interface
• Direct firmware update support (DFU)
• JTAG/serial wire debugging (SWD) specific features:
– 3 V to 3.6 V application voltage support and 5 V tolerant inputs
– Flat cables STDC14 to MIPI10 / STDC14 / MIPI20 (connectors with 1.27 mm pitch)
– JTAG communication support
– SWD and serial wire viewer (SWV) communication support
• SWIM specific features (only available with adapter board MB1440):
– 1.65 V to 5.5 V application voltage support
– SWIM header (2.54 mm pitch)
– SWIM low-speed and high-speed modes support

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STLINK-V3MINI key features

• Virtual COM port (VCP) specific features:

– 3 V to 3.6 V application voltage support on the UART interface and 5 V tolerant inputs
– VCP frequency up to 15 MHz
– Available on STDC14 debug connector (not available on MIPI10)
• Multi-path bridge USB to SPI/UART/I2C/CAN/GPIOs specific features:
– 3 V to 3.6 V application voltage support and 5 V tolerant inputs
– Signals available on adapter board only (MB1440)
• Drag-and-drop Flash programming of binary file
• Two color LEDs: communication, power

2.7 STLINK-V3MINI key features

• Stand-alone probe
• Approximately 15 × 30 mm2 high-density integration PCB
• Delivered with 1.27 mm pitch STDC14 debug connector and STDC14 to STDC14 flat cable
• Self-powered through a USB connector (Micro-B)
• USB 2.0 high-speed compatible interface
• Direct firmware update support (DFU)
• JTAG/serial wire debugging (SWD) specific features:
– 3 V to 3.6 V application voltage support and 5 V tolerant inputs
– JTAG communication support
– SWD and serial wire viewer (SWV) communication support
• Virtual COM port (VCP) specific features:
– 3 V to 3.6 V application voltage support on the UART interface and 5 V tolerant inputs
– VCP frequency up to 15 MHz
• Drag-and-drop Flash programming of binary file
• Two color LEDs: communication, power
• Includes STDC14 signals protection

2.8 STLINK-V3MODS key features

• Modular probe with small size: approximately 15 × 30 mm2
• Direct-to-PCB implementation by 2 × 16-pin 1.27 mm edge castellated vias with all signals available in
minimum PCB surface required
• Self-powered through a USB connector (Micro-B)
• USB 2.0 high-speed compatible interface
• Direct firmware update support (DFU)
• JTAG/serial wire debugging (SWD) specific features:
– 3 V to 3.6 V application voltage support and 5 V tolerant inputs
– JTAG communication support
– SWD and serial wire viewer (SWV) communication support
• Virtual COM port (VCP) specific features:
– 3 V to 3.6 V application voltage support on the UART interface and 5 V tolerant inputs
– VCP frequency up to 15 MHz
• Multi-path bridge USB to SPI/UART/I2C/CAN/GPIOs specific features:
– 3 V to 3.6 V application voltage support on the UART interface and 5 V tolerant inputs
• Drag-and-drop Flash programming of binary file
• Two color LEDs: communication, power

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Firmware naming rules

3 Firmware naming rules

There is a multiplicity of ST-LINK firmware, because of the multiplicity of hardware boards and functionalities.
The firmware version gives an indication of the functionalities supported according to the following rules:
• V: major version ID
– 1 for ST-LINK/V1
– 2 for ST-LINK/V2, ST-LINK/V2-1, ST-LINK/V2-A, ST-LINK/V2-B
– 3 for STLINK-V3SET, STLINK-V3MINI, STLINK-V3MODS and STLINK-V3E
• J: version for STM32 debug interface (JTAG and SWD protocols). A value of 0 means that the interface is
not supported (as for STM8 Discovery boards)
• S: version for STM8 debug interface (SWIM protocol). A value of 0 means that the interface is not supported
(as for some STM32 Discovery and Eval boards)
• M: version for mass storage and Virtual COM port interfaces
• B: version for bridge interface
The following examples illustrate the naming rules:
• V1J13S4 is a version for the ST-LINK/V1 stand-alone probe
• V2J27S6 is a version for the ST-LINK/V2 stand-alone probe (with both STM32 and STM8 debug interfaces)
• V2J27S0 is a version for the 32F401CDISCOVERY board (STM32 debug interface, no STM8 debug
interface, no mass storage interface, and no Virtual COM port)
• V2J27M15 is a version for Nucleo boards and other ST-LINK/V2-1, ST-LINK/V2-A, and ST-LINK/V2-B
boards (STM32 debug interface, mass storage interface, Virtual COM port)
• V3J1M1B1S1 is a version for STLINK-V3SET (STM8 and STM32 debug interface, mass storage interface,
Virtual COM port, and bridge interface)
The type of firmware is closely linked to the hardware. For this reason, it is not possible to change the type of
firmware for a given board (from V2J27S6 to V2J27M15 for instance). It is just possible to update the version of
the same type of firmware (V2J25M14 to V2J27M15 for instance).

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ST-LINK firmware upgrade

4 ST-LINK firmware upgrade

ST-LINK embeds a firmware-upgrade mechanism for in-situ upgrade through the USB port. As firmware may
evolve during the lifetime of the ST-LINK product (for example new functionalities, bug fixes, support for new
microcontroller families), it is recommended to visit the STSW-LINK007 page in STMicroelectronics website
periodically, to stay up-to-date with the latest firmware version.
ST-LINK firmware upgrade is possible through the USB by means of two dedicated applications:
• STLinkUpgrade.exe: historical version for Windows®
• STLinkUpgrade.jar: Java® version for Windows®, Linux® and macOS®
Both applications contain the latest version of all ST-LINK firmware types. They identify the connected board and
automatically select the corresponding firmware.
Important:
Any issue, tentative of falsification, or both, during this phase can lead to unpredictable results, making the board arduously
recoverable, or even at worst unusable.

Note: Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

macOS® is a trademark of Apple Inc. registered in the U.S. and other countries.

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ST-LINK drivers

5 ST-LINK drivers

A driver must be installed before connecting ST-LINK to a Windows® 7, Windows® 8, or Windows® 10 PC via the
USB. The driver is automatically installed by the toolsets supporting ST-LINK. It is also available from the STSW-
LINK009 dedicated page in STMicroelectronics website.
Note: Driver installation is not mandatory for STLINK-V3 boards from Windows® 10 onwards.
In case ST-LINK is connected to the PC before the driver is installed, some ST-LINK interfaces may be declared
as “unknown” in the PC device manager. In such case, the user must install the driver files, and update the driver
of the connected device from the device manager, as shown in Figure 3, with:
• 37xx = 374B for ST-LINK/V2-1
• 37xx = 374E for STLINK-V3 without bridge functions
• 37xx = 374F for STLINK-V3 with bridge functions

Figure 3. USB composite device

Note: Prefer the use of the “USB Composite Device” handle for a full recovery.

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ST-LINK COM LED

6 ST-LINK COM LED

All the ST-LINK boards since ST-LINK/V2 implement a LED labeled “COM” (either on the casing or on the PCB).
This LED shows the ST-LINK status, whatever the connection type:
• The LED is blinking red: the first USB enumeration with the PC is taking place.
• The LED is red: the communication between the PC and ST-LINK is established (end of enumeration).
• The LED is blinking green and red alternately: data are being exchanged between the target and the PC.
• The LED is green: the last communication has been successful.
• The LED is orange: the ST-LINK communication with the target has failed.

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Revision history

Table 1. Document revision history

Date Version Changes

16-Nov-2016 1 Initial release.

Document entirely revisited:
• Scope extended to STLINK-V3
• First ST-LINK version referred to as ST-LINK/V1
6-Sep-2018 2 Added:
• Section 2.6 STLINK-V3SET key features
• Section 5 ST-LINK drivers
• Section 6 ST-LINK COM LED
Addition of standalone STLINK-V3 products STLINK-V3MINI and STLINK-
V3MODS:
• Updated Introduction, Section 1.1 Brief history of the ST-LINK versions
and Section 3 Firmware naming rules
• Added Section 2.7 STLINK-V3MINI key features and Section
21-Nov-2019 3 2.8 STLINK-V3MODS key features
Updated Section 1.2 ST-LINK USB interfaces for ST-LINK/V2-1 mass
storage interface activation and STLINK-V3 firmware selection for a second
Virtual COM port.
Highlighted the obsolescence and maintained the description of ST-LINK/V1.

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Contents

Contents
1 Overview of the ST-LINK versions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 Brief history of the ST-LINK versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 ST-LINK USB interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2.2 USB interface selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Overview of features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 ST-LINK/V1 key features (now obsolete) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 ST-LINK/V2 key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 ST-LINK/V2-1 key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4 ST-LINK/V2-A key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.5 ST-LINK/V2-B key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.6 STLINK-V3SET key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.7 STLINK-V3MINI key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.8 STLINK-V3MODS key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3 Firmware naming rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4 ST-LINK firmware upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 ST-LINK drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
6 ST-LINK COM LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

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