• Determine the size of a given matrix.

• Identify the row vectors and column vectors of a given matrix.

• Perform the arithmetic operations of matrix addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and multiplication.
• Determine whether the product of two given matrices is defined.
• Compute matrix products using the row-column method, the column method, and the row method.
• Express the product of a matrix and a column vector as a linear combination of the columns of the matrix.
• Express a linear system as a matrix equation, and identify the coefficient matrix.
• Compute the transpose of a matrix.
• Compute the trace of a square matrix.

Exercise Set 1.3

1. Suppose that A, B, C, D, and E are matrices with the following sizes:

A B C D E

In each part, determine whether the given matrix expression is defined. For those that are defined, give the size of
the resulting matrix.
(a) BA
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f) E(AC)
(g) ETA
(h)

Answer:

(a) Undefined
(b)
(c) Undefined
(d) Undefined
(e)
(f)
(g) Undefined
(h)

2. Suppose that A, B, C, D, and E are matrices with the following sizes:

 A B C D E

In each part, determine whether the given matrix expression is defined. For those that are defined, give the size of
the resulting matrix.
(a) EA
(b) ABT
(c)

(d)
(e)

(f)
(g)

(h)

3. Consider the matrices

In each part, compute the given expression (where possible).

(a)
(b)
(c) 5A
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i) tr(D)
(j)
(k) 4 tr(7B)
(l) tr(A)

Answer:

(a)

(b)
 (c)

(d)

(e) Undefined
(f)

(g)

(h)

(i) 5
(j)
(k) 168
(l) Undefined

4. Using the matrices in Exercise 3, in each part compute the given expression (where possible).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

(f)
(g)
(h)

(i) (CD)E
(j) C(BA)
(k) tr(DET)
(l) tr(BC)

5. Using the matrices in Exercise 3, in each part compute the given expression (where possible).
(a) AB
(b) BA
(c) (3E)D
(d) (AB)C
(e) A(BC)
(f) CCT
 (g) (DA)T
(h)

(i) tr(DDT)
(j)

(k)

(l)

Answer:

(a)

(b) Undefined
(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i) 61
(j) 35
(k) 28
(l) 99

6. Using the matrices in Exercise 3, in each part compute the given expression (where possible).
(a)

(b)
(c)
(d)
 (e)

(f)

7. Let

Use the row method or column method (as appropriate) to find

(a) the first row of AB.
(b) the third row of AB.
(c) the second column of AB.
(d) the first column of BA.
(e) the third row of AA.
(f) the third column of AA.

Answer:

(a)
(b)
(c)

(d)

(e)
(f)

8. Referring to the matrices in Exercise 7, use the row method or column method (as appropriate) to find
(a) the first column of AB.
(b) the third column of BB.
(c) the second row of BB.
(d) the first column of AA.
(e) the third column of AB.
(f) the first row of BA.

9. Referring to the matrices A and B in Exercise 7, and Example 9,

(a) express each column vectorof AA as a linear combination of the column vectors of A.
(b) express each column vector of BB as a linear combination of the column vectors of B.

Answer:
 (a)

(b)

10. Referring to the matrices A and B in Exercise 7, and Example 9,

(a) express each column vector of AB as a linear combination of the column vectors of A.
(b) express each column vector of BA as a linear combination of the column vectors of B.

11. In each part, find matrices A, x, and b that express the given system of linear equations as a single matrix equation
, and write out this matrix equation.
(a)

(b)

Answer:

(a)

(b)

12. In each part, find matrices A, x, and b that express the given system of linear equations as a single matrix equation
, and write out this matrix equation.
(a)

(b)

13. In each part, express the matrix equation as a system of linear equations.
(a)
 (b)

Answer:

(a)

(b)

14. In each part, express the matrix equation as a system of linear equations.
(a)

(b)

In Exercises 15–16, find all values of k, if any, that satisfy the equation.

15.

Answer:

16.

In Exercises 17–18, solve the matrix equation for a, b, c, and d.

17.

Answer:

18.

19. Let A be any matrix and let 0 be the matrix each of whose entries is zero. Show that if , then
or .
20. (a) Show that if AB and BA are both defined, then AB and BA are square matrices.
(b) Show that if A is an matrix and A(BA) is defined, then B is an matrix.
21. Prove: If A and B are matrices, then .
22. (a) Show that if A has a row of zeros and B is any matrix for which AB is defined, then AB also has a row of
zeros.
(b) Find a similar result involving a column of zeros.

23. In each part, find a matrix [aij] that satisfies the stated condition. Make your answers as general as possible
by using letters rather than specific numbers for the nonzero entries.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Answer:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

24. Find the matrix whose entries satisfy the stated condition.
(a)
(b)
 (c)

25. Consider the function defined for matrices x by , where

Plot f(x) together with x in each case below. How would you describe the action of f?
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Answer:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
26. Let I be the matrix whose entry in row i and column j is

Show that for every matrix A.

27. How many matrices A can you find such that

for all choices of x, y, and z?

Answer:

One; namely,

28. How many matrices A can you find such that

for all choices of x, y, and z?

29. A matrix B is said to be a square root of a matrix A if .
(a)
Find two square roots of .

(b)
How many different square roots can you find of ?

(c) Do you think that every matrix has at least one square root? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:

(a)

(b)
Four;

30. Let 0 denote a matrix, each of whose entries is zero.

(a) Is there a matrix A such that and ? Justify your answer.
(b) Is there a matrix A such that and ? Justify your answer.
True-False Exercises

In parts (a)–(o) determine whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.

(a)
The matrix has no main diagonal.

Answer:

True
(b) An matrix has m column vectors and n row vectors.

Answer:

False
(c) If A and B are matrices, then .

Answer:

False
(d) The i th row vector of a matrix product AB can be computed by multiplying A by the ith row vector of B.

Answer:

False
(e) For every matrix A, it is true that .

Answer:

True
(f) If A and B are square matrices of the same order, then .

Answer:

False
(g) If A and B are square matrices of the same order, then .

Answer:

False
(h) For every square matrix A, it is true that .

Answer:

True
(i) If A is a matrix and B is an matrix such that BTAT is a matrix, then and .

Answer:
 True
(j) If A is an matrix and c is a scalar, then .

Answer:

True
(k) If A, B, and C are matrices of the same size such that , then .

Answer:

True
(l) If A, B, and C are square matrices of the same order such that , then .

Answer:

False
(m) If is defined, then A and B are square matrices of the same size.

Answer:

True
(n) If B has a column of zeros, then so does AB if this product is defined.

Answer:

True
(o) If B has a column of zeros, then so does BA if this product is defined.

Answer:

False

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