Baybay City Division

Baybay City, Leyte

Week No. 2
Information Sheet No. 1
Subject : English for Academic and ProfessionalPurposes
Grade Level : 12
Subject Type : Applied
Learning Competency : Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable
arguments used by the writer supported by properly cited
factual evidences (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIa-d-4)
Objectives : Determine the important terms to be used in presenting
arguments

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Defend-an attitude toward a particular issue; a position taken in an argument.

Stand-speak or write in favor of (an action or person); attempt to justify.

KEY CONCEPTS

If students are to write great informative and argumentative pieces, they

should be exposed to a diverse range of issues and perspectives thus understanding
the significant terms in writing is crucial when learning how to write an argument.
These are the following important words to remember when presenting an argument.
Argument it is a coherent series of reasons, statements, or facts
intended to support or establish a point of view. In writing it is use to persuade
others that idea or action is right or wrong.

Persuade is to cause (someone) to believe something, especially after

sustained effort of convincing. Take for example, “ he did everything he could to
persuade the police that he was not the robber.

Issue is an important topic or problem for debate or discussion. Issue is

something that has at least two sides, an idea that can be debated, for example: is it
safe to be injected with covid-19 vaccine?

Reason a sufficient ground of explanation or logical defense to explain a

fact. Reasons can be linked to claims with the word because. Like in this sentence
Liberal arts is best [claim] because it teaches students independent thinking [reason];

Claim state or assert that something is the case, typically without

providing evidence/ proof. Claims are statements about what is true or good or about

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what should be done or believed. Claims are potentially arguable. Example"a liberal
arts education prepares students best" is a claim, while "I didn't like the book" is not.
The rest of the world can't really dispute whether I liked the book or not, but they can
argue about the benefits of liberal arts.

Evidence are facts or information as proof whether belief or proposition

is true or valid. A writer must convince her audience of the validity of her argument by
using evidence effectively.You must be able to use evidence to persuade your readers
to accept your claims. But how do you use evidence to your advantage? By leading
your reader through your reasoning

Opinion are view judgement about something which is formed not

necessarily based on fact or knowledge. It is like your own point of view about
(someone) or something.

Counter-claim this is purposely made to rebut a previous claim. Like for

example you claim to your father that you need a new pair of shoes, but your father
said that you still have have many shoes in the shoe rack which has been hardly
use, this statement of your father is a counter-claim of your claim that you need a
new pair of shoes.

Defense- is an ssertion of the truth or something, typically one that is

disputed or in doubt.

REFERENCES
English 12 Quarter 2 Module 3, English for Academic and Porefessional Purposes.
Department of Education- Northern Mindanao. page 17

Argumentative Writing Helps Students Become Participants in the Real World.

https://www.edweek.org/accessed. December 14, 2020

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 Baybay City Division
Baybay City, Leyte

Week No. 2
Activity Sheet No. 1

Subject : English for Academic and ProfessionalPurposes

Grade Level : 12
Subject Type : Applied
Learning Competency : Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable
arguments used by the writer supported by properly cited
factual evidences (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIa-d-4)
Objective : Determine the important terms to be used in presenting
arguments

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer

1. It tends to prove or disprove something, ground or belief.

A. Opinion
B. persuasion
C. reason
D. evidence
2. Are sets of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea
is right or wrong.
A. Counter-attack
B. Argument
C. Persuasion
D. Opinion
3. It is intentionally made to disprove a previous claim
A. Claim
B. Defense
C. Counter-claim
D. Reason
4. It is an important problem for discussion.
A. Judgement
B. Fact
C. Proof
D. Issue
5. To cause someone to believe something.
A. Evidence
B. Persuade
C. Claim
D. Argue
6. A logical defense to explain a fact.
A. Counter- claim
B. Reason

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C. Claim
D. Stand
7. It is a personal point of view about something.
A. truth
B. opinion
C. argument
D. fact
8. A state or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence.
A. Claim
B. Counter- claim
C. Persuade
D. Evidence
9. It is a form of judgement which is not based on fact or knowledge.
A. Persuade
B. Claim
C. Claim
D. Point of view
10. It is the assertion of truth
A. Defense
B. Perssuasion
C. Argumentation
D. Claim

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 Baybay City Division
Baybay City, Leyte

Week No. 2
Information Sheet No. 2
Subject : English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Grade Level : 12
Subject Type : Applied
Learning Competency : Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable
arguments supported by propeprly cited factual
evidences
Objective : Identify the basic type of writing which specialized at
convincing (persuasive and argumentative writing)

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Persuasive essay- is a form of non-fiction writing that encourages careful word

choice.
Argumentative essay- is a research paper that takes position on a controversial
issues and tries to present evidence in favor of that position.

KEY CONCEPTS

Why it is important for you as students to learn how to write persuasive and
argumentative writing? Persuasive writing helps students formulate specific reasons
for their opinions, while learning argumentative writing will help you understand the
world around us.

There are two basic of writing which specialized at convincing. These are:

1. Persuasion appeals to readers’ emotions to make them believe something or take

specific action. Persuasion can also use logic and evidence.
Steps in Persuasive Writing
1. State your opinion and introduce your argument.
2. Give your reasons for your opinion
3. Illustrate with examples to support your opinion
4. Restate your opinion and your suggested solution.

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Example:
Parents’ love which illustrated with their sacrifices is worth recognition.
They send their children to school even if they have npt gone to school them
selves-, even if their own wants are sacrificed just to fund students’ needs.
You, dear students must recognize this immeasurable love of your parents
by being good to your studies

Argumentation relies on logic and evidence to build a case for a specific clam
Argumentation de-emphasizes appeals to emotion.

Steps in Argumentative Writing

1. Make a claim
2. Support your claim with reasons/ evidence
3. Acknowledge the counterclaim
4. Refute the counterclaim
5. Conclude with strong statement

Example
Many students ignore the significance of doing well in their studies. They
often neglect their parents’ sacrifices by getting low grades or worst yet getting
a failing marks. On the other hand, psyhchologists say performance in school
influenced by many factors which include peers. However,to fair well in school
is not only about influence but also about being exposed to social realities such
as difficulties of getting decent job. Thus, funding students to school becomes
a big sacrifice among parents.

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Persuasive versus Argumentative

This table below will help you differentiate Persuasive writing from
Argumentative writing.

Persuasive Writing Argumentative Writing

Starting Point: Identify your topic and Starting Point: Identify your topic,
choose your side research your topic, and decide which
side to support,
Purpose: Get the reader to agree with Purpose: Get the reader to recognize
your opinion your side of the argument is valid.
Techniques: Techniques:
1. Combines facts with emotions to 1. Offer, facts reasons, and evidence to
convince the reader that the author show the author has valid points.
is “ right”
2. Emotion- based 2. Logic- based
3. Ignores counter claims 3. Acknowledges the opposing claims
4. Presents only ideas that help 4. May compare ideas to establish a
establish a position position
5. Only presents only one side: the 5. Presents multiple sides but it is clear
author’s side which is the author’s side
6. Makes claims without evidence 6. Always provides evidence with claims

Tone: The tone is emotionally charged Tone: There is a calmer tone of just
and more aggressive trying to get the reader to acknowledge
the author’s side is worthy of
consideration.

REFERENCES

English 12 Quarter 2 Module 3, English for Academic and Porefessional

Purposes. Department of Education- Northern Mindanao. pages 18-19
Difference Between Persuasive and Argumentative.www.readandthink.org/files/
resources/lesson-docs. Accessed December 12, 2020

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 Baybay City Division
Baybay City, Leyte

Week No. 2
Activity Sheet No. 2
Subject : English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Grade Level : 12
Subject Type : Applied
Learning Competency : Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable
arguments supported by propeprly cited factual
evidences
Objective : Identify the basic type of writing which specialized at
convincing (persuasive and argumentative writing)

Direction: Copy the table below in your answer sheet. Read the descriptions below
and identify whether it is a form of persuasion or reason. Put an X on the appropriate
box.
DESCRIPTION PERSUASIVE ARGUMENTATIVE
WRITING WRITING
1. Writer starts with a strong opinion and
researches reasons to support it.
2. Writer starts with a topic, researches
and discusses all sides of the issue, and
chooses one side to support.
3. Appeals to readers with logic.
4. Appeals to readers with emotion
5. Outline multiple sides of the issue.
6. Call readers to action.

7. Uses passionante, urgent writing voice

8. Uses calm, neautral writing voice.

9. Emotionally charge or aggressive tone

10. Its purpose is to get the reader
recognize that your argumentbis valid

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 Baybay City Division
Baybay City, Leyte

Week No. 2
Information Sheet No. 3
Subject : English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Grade Level : 12
Subject Type : Applied
Learning Competency : Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable
arguments supported by properly cited factual evidences.
Objective : Determine how to provide strong claim or stand on an
issue.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Validity-the quality of being logically or factually sound; soundness or

cogency.Supporting evidence- a summary, direct quotation, or paraphrased that
proves a claim to be true.

KEY CONCEPTS

You have learned that a position paper presents an arguable opinion about
an issue. Your goal as a student is to learn how to convince the audience that your
opinion or stand or claim is valid and worth listening to. It is important to support
your arguments or reason with evidence to ensure the validity of your claims.
Evidence appears in essays in the form of qoutations and paraphrasing. Citing
evidence means distinguishing other writers information from your own ideas and
giving credit to your sources.The best way to defend your stand is to provide
supporting evidence which includes the following:

 Factual Knowledge- information that is verifiable and agreed upon by almost

everyone.It is also an information about our beliefs and ideas of how the world
works.

 Statistical Inferences- interpretation and examples of an accumulation of facts.

Statistics are powerful especially if they come from the good sources. Research
a good source, since they are easily prove to be false if they come from sources
that are not well respected. These are some examples of statistical evidence
you might use:
 Numbers gleaned from your own research or surveys you have
conducted
 Numbers from personal experience if you have sources to support
them

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 Percentages from good sources like government reports or peer-

reviewed studies
 Measurements and numbers you gathered yourself or gathered from
research

 Personal Testimony- a personal experience related by a knowledgeable

party.Just like in the court case, bringing in an expert opinion is a great way to
add support for your writing. Their authority on the topic is frequently seen as
reliable. This is a good way to add support to your own opinions within an essay.
Here are some examples of informed opinion as evidence that you might use:
 Direct interviews with experts in your topic
 Quotes from an expert’s book, paper, or newspaper editorial
 Conclusions from essays written by esperts
 Your own specialized knowledge if you have the experience to support
it

 Informed opinion- opinion developed through research and/ or expertise of the

claim.

REFERENCES
English 12 Quarter 1- Module 4, English for Academic and Profesional Purposes
Department of Education- Cagayan de Oro. page 6-7
Using Evidence.Writing Tutorial Services. https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/
using-evidence.html. Accessed. December 14, 2020

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 Baybay City Division
Baybay City, Leyte

Week No. 2
Activity Sheet No. 3
Subject : English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Grade Level : 12
Subject Type : Applied
Learning Competency : Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable
arguments supported by properly cited factual evidences.
Objective : Determine how to provide strong claim or stand on an
issue.

Direction: Diagram the best way to defend your stand on an issue.

Best Sources of
Supporting
Evidence

Note: You may add more circles if you have more ideas

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 Baybay City Division
Baybay City, Leyte

Week No. 2
Information Sheet No. 4
Subject : English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Grade Level : 12
Subject Type : Applied
Learning Competency : Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable
arguments supported by properly cited factual evidences.
Objective : Provide claim or stand on some current issues and defend
one’s stand by providing supporting evidence/ reasons.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Claim - an assertion of the truth of something, typically one that is disputed or in

doubt.
Issues - an important topic or problem for debate or discussion

KEY CONCEPTS

In every claim, there is always a counterclaim. A counter-claim is just the

opposite of a claim. When your claim says, “ I want a new cellphone”.But then your
Mother said, “ No, you don’t.”.This is your mom’s counterclaim.
Counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence.
Just when your mother proves by saying, “ Your current situation does not require
a new cell phone”.
In order to use evidence effectively, you need to integrate it smoothly into
your essay by following this pattern:
• State your claim.
• Give your evidence, remembering to relate it to the claim.
• Comment on the evidence to show how it supports the claim.
To see the differences between strong and weak uses of evidence, below are two
paragraphs:
Weak use of evidence

Today we are too self- centered. Most families no longer sit down to eat
together, preferring instead to eat on the go while rushing to the next appointment-
(Gleick, 148). Everything is about what we want.

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This is a weak example of evidence because it is not related to the claim. What does
the claim about self-centeredness (which is in bold italicized word) have to do with
families eating together? The writer doesn’t explain the connection.

Stronger use of evidence

Today, Americans ar too self-centered. Even our families don’t matter
as much anymore as once did. Other peole and activities take precedence. In fact, the
evidence shows that most American families no longer eat together, preferring instead
to eat on the go while rushing to te next appointment( Gleick 148). Sit- down meals
are a time to share and connect with others; however, that connection has become
less values, as families begin to prize individual activities over shared time, promoting
self- centeredness over group identity.

This is a far better example, as the evidence is more smoothly integrated into the text,
the link between the claim and the evidence is strengthened, the writer also
commented in order to show how the evidence relates to the claim.

REFERENCES

English 12 Quarter 1- Module 4, English for Academic and Profesional Purposes

Department of Education- Cagayan de Oro. page 6-7
Using Evidence.Writing Tutorial Services. https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/
using-evidence.html. Accessed. December 14, 2020
Evidence. The Writing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.https://
writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/evidence/Accessed December 15,
2020

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 Baybay City Division
Baybay City, Leyte

Week No. 2
Activity Sheet No. 4
Subject : English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Grade Level : 12
Subject Type : Applied
Learning Competency : Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable
arguments supported by properly cited factual evidences.
Objective : Provide claim or stand on some current issues and defend
one’s stand by providing supporting evidence/ reasons.

Direction: Your Claim, Defend It! The table below lists the current prevalent issues
that we are facing today. Practice citing your claim or stand on each issue. Then,
defend your stand by citing supporting evidence the best way you can.

Issue Your Claim/Stand Supporting Evidence

Has COVID-19 pandemic

changed the world for its
best or for its worst?

Is online learning effective

or not?

Do you think our

government’s economy
can sustain our country’s
needs during this
uncertain times of
pandemic?

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 Baybay City Division
Baybay City, Leyte

English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Week No. 2 Assessment
Name: _____________________________ Score: ___________
Grade & Section: _____________________ Date: ____________

Directions:
I. Identification: Identify the items being described in the sentences below. Write your
answer in the space provided.

Factual Argument Defense Persuade Opinion

Issue Reason Claim Evidence Counter-claim

__________1. It is a statement of reasons; facts intended to support a point of view.

__________2. A sufficient ground of explanation or logical defense to explain a fact.
__________3. It is a restricted and is based on facts.
__________4. It is a point at which an unsettled matter is ready for decision.
__________5. An action or words to resist an attack.
__________6. It is cause someone to believe about something through consistent
effort of convincing.
__________7. These are facts or information as proof whether a proposition is true
or valid.
__________8. This view or judgement about something is formed not necessarily
based on fact or opinion.
__________9. This is purposely made to rebut a previous claim.
__________10. An assertion of truth of something, typically one that is disputed or in
doubt.

II. Essay: In your own words, at least 10 sentences, answer the following questions:

A. Differentiate persuasive and argumentative writing

B. As a senior high school student, why is it important to learn the basic type of
writing? (persuasive and argumentative writing)

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Week No. 2
English for Academic & Professional Purposes
Answer Key

Activity Sheet No.1

1. D 6. B
2. B 7. B
3. C 8. A
4. D 9. C
5. B 10. A

Activity Sheet No. 2

1. Persuasive 6. Argumentative
2. Argumentative 7. Argumentative
3. Persuasive 8. Persuasive
4. Argumentative 9. Argumentative
5. Persuasive 10. Argumentative

Activity Sheet No. 3

* Factual Knowledge
* Statisticl Influences
* Personal Testimony
* Informed Opinion

(Students may answer more but upon the evaluation of the teacher)

Activity Sheet No. 4

**Answers may vary**

Weekly Assessment

1. Argumentative 6. Persuade Essay

2. Reason 7. Evidence
3. Factual 8. Opinion Answers may vary
4. Issue 9. Counter-claim
5. Claim 10. Defense

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