Cheatsheets / Learn Kotlin

Collections
Immutable Lists
An immutable list represents a group of elements with
read-only operations. var programmingLanguages
It can be declared with the term listOf , followed = listOf("C#", "Java", "Kotlin",
by a pair of parentheses containing elements that are "Ruby")
separated by commas.

Mutable Lists
A mutable list represents a collection of ordered
elements that possess read and write functionalities. var fruits = mutableListOf("Orange",
It can be declared with the term, "Apple", "Banana", "Mango")
mutableListOf followed by a pair of
parentheses containing elements that are separated by
commas.

Accessing List Elements

In order to retrieve an element from a list, we can
reference its numerical position or index using square var cars = listOf("BMW", "Ferrari",
bracket notation. "Volvo", "Tesla")
Note: Remember that the rst element of a list starts at
0. println(cars[2]) // Prints: Volvo

The Size Property

The size property is used to determine the
number of elements that exist in a collection. var worldContinents = listOf("Asia",
"Africa", "North America", "South
America", "Antarctica", "Europe",
"Australia")

println(worldContinents.size) //
Prints: 7

/
List Operations
The list collection supports various operations in the
form of built-in functions that can be performed on its var seas = listOf("Black Sea",
elements. "Caribbean Sea", "North Sea")
Some functions perform read and write operations, println(seas.contains("North Sea"))
whereas others perform read-only operations. // Prints: true
The functions that perform read and write operations
can only be used on mutable lists while read-only
// The contains() function performs
operations can be performed on both mutable and
a read operation on any list and
immutable lists.
determines if an element exists.  

seas.add("Baltic Sea") // Error:

Can't perform write operation on
immutable list

// The add() function can only be

called on a mutable list thus the
code above throws an error.

Immutable Sets
An immutable set represents a collection of unique
elements in an unordered fashion whose contents var primaryColors = setOf("Red",
cannot be altered throughout a program. "Blue", "Yellow")
It is declared with the term, setOf , followed by a
pair of parentheses holding unique values.

Mutable Sets
A mutable set represents a collection of ordered
elements that possess both read and write var womenInTech = mutableSetOf("Ada
functionalities. Lovelace",  "Grace Hopper",  "Radia
It is declared with the term, mutableSetOf , Perlman",  "Sister Mary Kenneth
followed by a pair of parentheses holding unique Keller")
values.

Accessing Set Elements

Elements in a set can be accessed using the
elementAt() or elementAtOrNull() var companies = setOf("Facebook",
functions. "Apple", "Netflix", "Google")
The elementAt() function gets appended onto
a set name and returns the element at the speci ed println(companies.elementAt(3)) //
position within the parentheses. Prints: Google
The elementAtOrNull() function is a safer
variation of the elementAt() function and println(companies.elementAt(4)) //
returns null if the position is out of bounds as
Returns and Error
opposed to throwing an error.
println(companies.elementAtOrNull(4))
// Prints: null

/
Immutable Maps
An immutable Map represents a collection of entries
that cannot be altered throughout a program. var averageTemp = mapOf("winter" to
It is declared with the term, mapOf , followed by a 35,  "spring" to 60,  "summer" to 85,
pair of parentheses. Within the parentheses, each key "fall" to 55)
should be linked to its corresponding value with the
to keyword, and each entry should be separated by
a comma.

Mutable Maps
A mutable map represents a collection of entries that
possess read and write functionalities. Entries can be var europeanDomains
added, removed, or updated in a mutable map. = mutableMapOf("Germany" to "de",
A mutable map can be declared with the term, "Slovakia" to "sk", "Hungary" to
mutableMapOf , followed by a pair of "hu", "Norway" to "no")
parentheses holding key-value pairs.

Retrieving Map Keys and Values

Keys and values within a map can be retrieved using the
.keys and .values properties. var oscarWinners
The .keys property returns a list of key elements, = mutableMapOf("Parasite" to "Bong
Joon-ho", "Green Book" to "Jim
whereas the .values property returns a list of
value elements.
Burke", "The Shape Of Water" to
To retrieve a single value associated with a key, the "Guillermo del Toro")
shorthand, [key] , syntax can be used.
println(oscarWinners.keys)
// Prints: [Parasite, Green Book, The
Shape Of Water]

println(oscarWinners.values)
// Prints: [Bong Joon-ho, Jim Burke,
Guillermo del Toro]

println(oscarWinners["Parasite"])
// Prints: Bong Joon-ho

/
Adding and Removing Map Entries
An entry can be added to a mutable map using the
put() function. Oppositely, an entry can be var worldCapitals
removed from a mutable map using the remove()
= mutableMapOf("United States" to
function. "Washington D.C.", "Germany" to
The put() function accepts a key and a value
"Berlin", "Mexico" to "Mexico City",
separated by a comma. "France" to "Paris")
The remove() function accepts a key and
removes the entry associated with that key. worldCapitals.put("Brazil",
"Brasilia")
println(worldCapitals)
// Prints: {United States=Washington
D.C., Germany=Berlin, Mexico=Mexico
City, France=Paris, Brazil=Brasilia}

worldCapitals.remove("Germany")
println(worldCapitals)
// Prints: {United States=Washington
D.C., Mexico=Mexico City,
France=Paris, Brazil=Brasilia}