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Evolution of Management

The document outlines different schools of management theory including scientific management, classical organizational theory, behavioral school, management science school, systems approach, and contingency approach. It provides details on the management science school which used operations research procedures and mathematical modeling. Finally, it discusses the systems approach which views an organization as an interconnected whole and the contingency approach which proposes using different management techniques depending on situational factors.

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Shaumik Rahman
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29 views7 pages

Evolution of Management

The document outlines different schools of management theory including scientific management, classical organizational theory, behavioral school, management science school, systems approach, and contingency approach. It provides details on the management science school which used operations research procedures and mathematical modeling. Finally, it discusses the systems approach which views an organization as an interconnected whole and the contingency approach which proposes using different management techniques depending on situational factors.

Uploaded by

Shaumik Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Evolution of Management Theory

1. Scientific Management School


2. Classical Organizational Theory School
3. Behavioral School
4. Management Science School
5. The System’s Approach
6. The Contingency Approach
7. Dynamic Engagement Approach
4. Management Science School
• To solve number of new, complex problems in warfare

• New Industrial Technologies Used in Transportation and Communication

• OR procedures were formalized into management science school

• Two postwar phenomena- 1) Development of high-speed computers, 2) Robert McNamara at

Ford Motor Company

• A mathematical model by changing variables

Criticism:
Missing the importance of people and relationships.
5. The Systems Approach
• Views the organization as a unified purposeful system composed of interrelated parts

Subsystems:

The parts that make up the whole system.

Example:
Company Plant Department

Synergy:

• Whole is greater than sum of parts.


• More productive when separate departments cooperate and interact
• Example- Each department should have one finance department.
The Organization as an Open System
The Organization as a Closed System

Closed system does not interact with the environment.

Example: An automobile plant is an open system


A prison is a closed system
6. The Contingency Approach

Which technique should be used in

• a particular situation
• in a particular time
• under particular circumstances

that best contributes to attain the management goals

To find the meaning of “It depends”


Variables of the Contingency Approach

• Organization and Science

• Routineness of task technology

• Environmental Uncertainty

• Individual Differences

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