TUTORIAL 4

1. The treated domestic sewage of a town is to be discharged in stream. Determine the maximum
permissible effluent BOD and the percentage purification required in the treatment plant with the
following particulars :
Population of town = 40,000 ; Minimum flow of stream =0.15 m3/sec
BOD of stream = 2 mg/l; DWF =150 lpcd
BOD contribution per capita = 0.075 kg/day;
Maximum BOD of stream on downstream = 5 mg/l. [Ans: 11.52 mg/l, 97.7 %]

2. A stream having flow of 1 m3/sec and BOD 4 mg/l is saturated with DO. It receives an effluent
discharge of 0.25 m3/s having BOD of 20 mg/l and DO of 4 mg/l. If the average velocity of flow is
0.15 m/s. calculate the DO deficit at points 20 Km and 40 Km downstream. Assume that the
temperature is 20°C throughout and BOD is measured at 5 days. Take rate constant for effluent and
stream as 0.12 and 0.30 /day respectively and saturation DO at 20°C as 9.17 mg/l.
[Ans: 2.34 mg/l, 2.09 mg/l]

3. A town discharges 120 cumecs of sewage into the river having rate of flow of 1600 cumecs during
lean period with a velocity of 0.1 m/s. The 5-day BOD of sewage at the given temperature is 250
mg/l. Find the amount of critical DO deficit and when and where it will occur in the downstream
portion of river. Assume deoxygenation coefficient K as 0.1/day and coefficient of purification fs as
3.5.Saturation DO at given temperature is 9.2 mg/l. [Assuming DO of sewage= 0 and BOD of river
water = 0, Ans : 4.532 mg/l, 2.064 days,17.833 km]

4. An industry is proposed to establish near the river. The characteristics of raw sewage and river water
in which sewage is discharged as follows :
i. Sewage discharge of town = 1.72 m3/s
ii. Minimum river discharge = 7.24 m3/s
iii. Temperature of the sewage = 30.5°C
iv. Temperature of the river water = 17.5°C
v. Deoxygenation constant = 0.1/ day at 20°C
vi. Reoxygenation constant = 0.5/ day at 20 °C
vii. BOD5 at 20°C of sewage =225 mg/
viii. BOD5 at 20°C of river water = 1.2 mg/l

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 ix. DO in sewage = 0
x. DO in river water = 90 % of saturation value
xi. Saturation DO of water at 20°C = 9.17 mg/l
xii. Saturation DO of water at 17.5°C = 9.64 mg/l
xiii. Minimum Do to be maintained in the river = 4.4 mg/l

Does it necessary to treat or not. Calculate the allowable BOD5 in the sewage that can be discharged
in the river. What will be the degree of sewage treatment required?

[Ans: treatment is required, 112.68 mg/l, 50%]

5. 125 cumecs of sewage of a city is discharged in a perennial river which is fully saturated with oxygen
and flows at a rate of 1600 cumecs with a minimum velocity of 0.12 m/s. If the 5-day BOD of the
sewage is 300 mg/l. Find out where the critical DO will occur in the river. Assume coefficient of
purification of river as 4.0.Coefficient of DO as 0.11/day and the ultimate BOD as 125% of the 5
day BOD of the mixture of sewage and river water. Also find the critical deficit.
[Assuming temperature of river water is 20°C and DO content of sewage is zero]
Ans: 17.874 Km below outfall, 4.391 mg/l]

6. Using the following data, find out the DO at the end of 2 days:
S. No. Parameters For River For wastewater

1 Flow (m3/s) 20 2

2 DO (mg/l) 9 0

3 BOD (mg/l) 3 200

Assume K= 0.12/day and R = 0.4/day. [Ans: 3.88 mg/l]

7. A town discharges 0.06 m3/s of sewage with a 5-day BOD of 180 mg/l into a river having flow and
5-day BOD as 0.6m3/s and 6 mg/l respectively. The temperature of the river water and effluent is
same i.e. 20°C.The rate constant K and R is found to be 0.1 and 0.3 per day respectively. The Do
contents of the effluent and the river water are 2.1 mg/l and 8.2 mg/l respectively prior to mixing.
The saturation DO of river water at 20°C is 9.17 mg/l. Calculate the magnitude of the critical DO
deficit and the time at which it occurs. [Ans : 6.45 mg/l ,2.17 days]

8. The population of town is 50,000 and the domestic sewage is 160 lpcd. The per capita BOD is 80
gm/day. The dairy waste of the town is 2.4 *106 liters/day with BOD of 1600 mg/l and the waste
from the other industries is 1.6* 10 6 liters/day with BOD of 2000 mg/l.BOD of both industrial and
domestic sewage is zero. In the design of sewage system 15% overall expansion is to be kept in
design. The sewage is discharged in Natural River having minimum discharge of 7000 l/sec with a
saturation DO content of 9 mg/l and BOD of zero. The dissolved oxygen content in the river to be
maintained is 4 mg/l. Determine the degree of treatment required to the sewage. Assume saturation

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 DO in the river after mixing waste is equals to DO content of river before mixing. Assume other data
suitably. [Assuming K= 0.1/day and R= 0.3/day, Ans : 10.41%]

9. A wastewater effluent of 575 l/s with BOD = 80 mg/l, DO =3 mg/l and temperature of 20°C enters
a river where the flow is 3.5 m3/sec and BOD = 5 mg/l. Do = 7.8 mg/l and temperature of 20°C.From
laboratory BOD testing, deoxygenation constant for the waste is 0.09/day at 20°C. The river
downstream has the average velocity of 0.2 m/s and depth of flow is 1.4m.Calculate the degree of
treatment required for the wastewater effluent if minimum DO to be maintained in the river is 4 ml/l.
Assume Bed activity constant as 0.1. [Ans: No treatment required]

10. A wastewater treatment plant disposes off its effluents into the stream at point A.Charecteristics of
the stream at a location fairly upstream of A and of the effluent are as below:
Item Effluent Stream
Flow (m3/sec) 0.16 0.4
DO (mg/l) 1.60 8.20
Temperature (°C) 25 22
BOD at 20°C 32 2.0
Assume that the deoxygenation constant K’ (base e) =0.20/day at 20°C and Reoxygenation constant
R’ (base e) =0.40/day at 20°C for the mixture. Equilibrium concentration of dissolved oxygen for
fresh water is as follows:
Temperature (°C) 18 20 22 23 24 25 26
DO (mg/l) 9.54 9.17 8.99 8.83 8.53 8.38 8.22
The velocity of the stream downstream of the point A is 0.16 m/s. Determine the critical oxygen
deficit and its location. Use temperature coefficient of 1.04 for K’ and 1.02 for R’
[Ans: 5.1 mg/l, 34.09 Km from outfall]

11. The sewage from a sewage treatment plant is being discharged into a stream. Calculate the maximum
permissible BOD of effluent and the percentage purification required in the treatment plant with
following:
i. Population of city =60,000
ii. Min. flow of stream = 0.4 m3/sec
iii. DWF of sewage = 150 lpcd
iv. BOD of stream = 5 mg/l
v. BOD contribution per head = 75 gm/day
vi. Maximum BOD of stream on downstream = 7 mg/l [PU-2004]

12. A city discharges sewage @ 1300 lps, into a stream whose minimum flow is 5200 lps. The 5 day
BOD at 20°C for sewage is 170 mg/l and that of river water is 2 mg/l. The Do content of the sewage
is 0.2 mg/l while that of stream is 87% of saturation. Find the degree of treatment required if the
minimum DO to be maintained in the stream is 3.5 mg/l. Assume deoxygenating coefficient as 0.1
and re-oxygenating coefficient as 0.3.Given saturation DO at 20°C as 9.17 mg/l. [PU-2006]
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13. A town discharges 80 cumecs of sewage into a stream having rate of flow of 1200 cumecs during
lean days.5-day BOD of sewage at the given temperature is 250 mg/l. Find the amount of critical
DO deficit and its location in the downstream. Assume K as 0.1 and coefficient of purification as
3.5.Assume saturated DO at given temperature as 9.2 mg/l. [PU-2007 and 2008]

14. A wastewater treatment plant disposes off its effluents into a stream point of disposal are as given in
table. Determine the critical oxygen deficit and its location. The deoxygenation constant at 20°C is
0.2/day(base e)and the stream reaeration constant at 20°C is 0.4/day(base e).The equilibrium
concentration of dissolved oxygen in fresh water at mixed temperature is 9.32 mg/l. [PU-2008]
Item Effluent Stream

Discharge 0.17 m3/s 0.56 m3/s

DO 2 mg/l 9.54 mg/l

Temperature (°C) 23 18

5 day BOD at 20°C 40 mg/l 2.0mg/l

15. A river is receiving wastewater from a town have following data.

Population= 100000 Domestic sewage = 120lpcd
BOD of domestic sewage = 220mg/l River discharge= 0.5 m3/ sec
BOD of river water= 1mg/l DO of river water= 7.8mg/l
a. How many kg of oxygen per day is available above the outfall`
b. How many kg of BOD per day in the river just below the outfall.
16. A large city is discharging 120 m3/s sewage in to a perennial river which is 90% saturated with O2
and flows at a minimum rate of 1605 m3/s with a velocity of 0.3 m/s. If the 5 day BOD of sewage is
220 mg/l, find out where the critical dissolved oxygen will occur in the river. Assume
a. Coefficient of purification of the river is 0.4
b. Coefficient of DO as 0.11d
C. Ultimate BOD as 125% of 5 day BOD mixture of sewage and water
d. Dissolved oxygen in saturation at 20°C is 9.17mg/l
e. No dissolved oxygen is left in the effluent

17. A perennial river is receiving waste from a town with a discharge of 250m 3/s. The river water fully
saturated with oxygen is flowing at the rate of 2500 m3/s at a velocity of 0.3 m/s. If the 5- day BOD
of the sewage is 220 mg/l, find out where their critical dissolved oxygen will occur in the river. The
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 BOD of the river water is zero. The DO of the river water and wastewater are 8.0 and 0.1mg/l
respectively. Take k1= 0.1/day and k2=0.3/day

18. The sewage of a town is a mixture of domestic sewage and industrial sewage. The sewage is to be
treated at the sewage treatment plant before discharging into river. Determine the degree of treatment
required for the following data:
Population= 40000 Domestic sewage = 1751pcd
BOD of domestic sewage = 50 gm/ capita/day Flow of industrial waste= 4X 106 liters/day
BOD of industrial waste= 4000mg/l DO of both domestic and industrial sewage= 0
River discharge= 8500 liters/ sec BOD of river water= 0
DO of river water= 8mg/1 k1= 0.1/day and k2= 0.2/day
Assume other data as required. [TU IOE, 2068, Bhadra]

19. The population of a town is 40,000 and domestic sewage is 120 lpcd. The per capita BOD is 40 gm/
day. The dairy waste of the town is 3MLD with BOD of 4000 mg/l and the waste from other
industries is 2MLD with BOD of 2000 mg/1. DO of both domestic and industrial wastes are zero.
The effluent from the sewage treatment plant is to be discharged in the natural river having minimum
discharge of 10000liters/sec, a dissolved oxygen content of 8.0 mg/l and BOD of zero. The minimum
DO content in the river to be maintained is 4.5 mg/l. Determine the degree of treatment required to
the sewage. Assume saturation DO in the river after mixing with waste is equal to DO content of
river before mixing.

20. The population of a town is 30,000 and domestic sewage is 175 lpcd. The per capita BOD is 50 gm
per day. The dairy waste of the town is 2.2 MLD with BOD of 5000 mg/l and the waste from other
industries is 1.8 x106 liters/day with BOD of 2200 mg/1. DO of both domestic and industrial wastes
are zero. The effluent from the sewage treatment plant is to be discharged in the natural river having
minimum discharge of 8000liters/sec, a dissolved oxygen content of 8.0 mg/l and BOD of zero. The
minimum DO content in the river to be maintained is 4.5 mg/l. Determine the degree of treatment
required to the sewage. Assume saturation DO in the river after mixing with waste is equal to DO
content of river before mixing. Assume any other data not given.

21. A perennial river is receiving waste from a town with a discharge of 200m 3/s. The river water fully
saturated with oxygen is flowing at the rate of 1500 m3/s at a velocity of 0.15 m/s. If the 5- day BOD
of the sewage is 250 mg/l, find out where their critical dissolved oxygen will occur in the river. The
BOD of the river water is zero. The DO of the river water and wastewater are 8.0 and 0.1 mg/
respectively. Take k1 = 0.1/day and k2 = 0.3/day Assume other data as required.
[TU, IOE, 2062 Baishakha]
22. An industry is going to be established in an urban area near to the river side. The river water and
industrial effluent characteristics are as shown as follows:

Industrial Effluent River Water

Flow (m3/sec) 1.8 22

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 DO (mg/l) 0 8.7

BOD5,20°C 350 6

kd, 200 = 0.25d-1 kr, 200 = 0.11d-1. DO saturation= 9.1mg/l

At what location in the river critical DO deficit would occurs if the flow velocity in the river is
0.2 m/s. Also find out DO at the end of 1 and 3 days. [TU, IOE, 2070 Magha]

23. A large city is discharging 125 m3/s sewage in to a perennial river which is 90% saturated with O2
and flows at a minimum rate of 1600 m3/s with a velocity of 0.12 m/s. If the 5 day BOD of sewage
is 300 mg/l, find out where the critical dissolved oxygen will occur in the river. Assume

 Coefficient of purification of the river is 0.4

 Coefficient of DO as 0.11d

 Ultimate BOD as 125% of 5 day BOD mixture of sewage and water

 Dissolved oxygen in saturation at 20°C is 9.17mg/l

 No dissolved oxygen is left in the effluent

 Assume any other data if necessary. [TU, IOE, 2066 Kartik]

24. A stream saturated with DO has a flow of 2m3/s, BOD of 3 mg/l and rate constant (K1 to base 10)
of 0.1 per day. It receives an effluent discharge of 0.5 m3/s having BOD of 200 mg/l and DO of 2
mg/l. The average velocity of stream is 0.2 m/s. the average depth of stream is 1.2m. Calculate DO
deficit at 60 km downstream of outfall. Assume temperature of 20°C throughout and saturation DO
at 20°C is 9.17 mg/l. [TU, IOE, 2069 Bhadra]

25. A stream saturated with DO has a flow of 1.5 m3/s, BOD 4 mg/l and rate constant (kl) of 0.3 per
day. It receives an effluent discharge of 0.5m3/s having BOD 20 mg/l and DO 5 mg/l .The average
velocity of flow of stream is 0.20 m/s. The average depth of stream is 1.2m. Calculate DO deficit at
30 Km and 50 km downstream. Assume temperature throughout 20°C and BOD measured in 5
days. Toke saturation DO at 20°C as 9.17 mg/1. [TU,10E, 2063 Kartik]