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BLACK BOX

ABSTRACT:

This project is an implementation of black box for vehicular safety based on ARM7 controller.
When the vehicle is started some initial routine tests are conducted. These tests check some critical
parameters like seat belt, brake test, CAN test, lane detection, GSM test etc. The vehicle can be
started only if it passes all these tests. Once the vehicle is started, we can control its speed and
direction with RF communication. Meanwhile the controller records continuously different parameters
like temp, reading from ultrasonic sensor, lane detection, readings from pressure sensor etc into
EEPROM. Whenever there is any accident, this information is sent with the help of GSM modem to the
concerned person. Thereafter, the latest saved vehicle parameters are displayed on the LCD.

FUNCTIONING OF THE SYSTEM:

• After powering on the system, LCD shows the message asking the user to press the ignition
key to start the engine.

• Then the controller performs the preliminary tests to check the critical conditions like brake
test, seat belt, lane detection, can test, GSM test etc.
• Once all the tests are passed, it waits for the input from the user to turn on dc motors.
• Driving commands to the vehicle are provided from a 8051 board attached to a computer.
Communication is done wirelessly using RF. User has to type different keys on the computer
and these commands are transmitted from the 8051 board to the ARM controller in the
vehicle. There are different commands to change the speed and direction of the vehicle.
• Meantime, the controller in the vehicle continuously reads and records in the memory different
parameters of the vehicle like temp, pressure, lane detection, distance from the front object
etc.

• Pressure sensor is used to detect any accidents. Under this condition, the controller
immediately stops the vehicle and informs the concerned person by sending an SMS using
GSM to the mobile number already stored in the memory.
• After this, all the latest parameters saved in memory are displayed on the LCD.
TECHNOLOGY USED:

UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter is used in serial communication between two
devices in conjunction with RS-232. Normally, we use 9600bps as the standard baud rate with 1 start
bit and 1 stop bit in this communication.

I2C: Inter-Integrated Circuit protocol is used for serial communication between many devices in
hardware. It reduces total cost and complexity of the hardware. It supports 100kbps, 400kbps and
3.4Mbps baud rates.

GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications is the most popular standard for mobile telephony
systems in the world. GSM network operates in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands.

RF Communication: Radio Frequency communication uses radio waves with different modulation
techniques for wireless communication between two devices which may be very near to each other or
hundreds of kilometers apart. Generally we use operating frequency of 433.92MHz for short distance
communication.

CAN: Controller Area Network is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and
devices to communicate with each other within a vehicle. It is a message based protocol, designed
specifically for automotive applications but also used in industrial automation and medical equipment
etc.

Ultrasonic Waves: Ultrasonic is a sound wave transmitted at a frequency greater than 20,000Hz or
beyond the normal hearing range of humans. Ultrasonic wavelengths are on the same order of
magnitude as visible light.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
 Vehicle:

LCD

GSM
modem Power
MAX supply
232
Ultrasonic
sensor
Relay DC
1 motor1
ULN
Ignition 2803
key Relay DC
2 motor2

Seat belt

EEPROM
LPC2129

Brake

CAN Tx

Lane
CAN Rx

Temp.
RF
RF Receiver
ADC Decoder Module

Pressure

Controlling station:
 MAX RF
Computer RF Transmitter
232 AT89C52
Encoder Module

Power
supply

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Power Supply - DC Adaptor 9V/1A – 3 No.

 ARM Controller - LPC2129

 LCD - Liquid Crystal Display, 16 char x 2 lines

 Relay driver IC - ULN2803, 1No.

 Relays - 5VDC, DPDT – 2 No.

 GSM modem - SIM300

 MAX232 - For serial communication – 2 No.

 Proximity sensor
 Temp. sensor - LM35
 Pressure sensor
 EEPROM - 24C04
 CAN controllers - MCP2551 – 2 No.
 RF receiver module
 RF decoder - HT12D
 8051 controller - AT89C52
 RF tranmitter module
 RF encoder - HT12E
 Computer
  Serial cable
 Toy car

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Keil Microvision.
 Embedded C.

 LPC2000 Flash Utility.

APPLICATIONS:
Can be used in all vehicles for accident avoidance.
Useful for post accident investigations.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS:
Use of GPS module with this system will be helpful in finding the accident location and take
quick rescue operations.
We can enhance the present system to check other parameters like fuel level, tyre pressure
and working of headlights before starting the vehicle.
Many other critical parameters can be read and stored in the memory.
Another useful add-on to the present system could be cameras on front and backsides which
keep recording live images and storing them in memory. This video data would be much useful for
accident investigation.

OUTCOME:
• Complete knowledge of design and implementation of Embedded system based on
LPC2129 and AT89C52 controllers.

• Knowledge and Implementation of GSM, UART, Ultrasonic, I2C, CAN and RF

• Working knowledge of Keil IDE, Embedded C, Proload and LPC2000 flash utility.