Engineering Mechanics: Statics

CH6/ Structural Analysis

Structural Analysis

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Content

Content

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Simple Trusses

6.1Simple Trusses
Truss: is a structure composed of slender members joined
together at their end points. are often used to support roofs
and bridges.

The roof load is transmitted to the truss at the joints (each

member is a two force member )
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Simple Trusses

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Simple Trusses

Each truss member will act as a two

force member , and therefore the
force acting at each end of the member
will be directed along the axis of the
member.

If the force tends to elongate the

member, it is a tensile force (T),
whereas if it tends to shorten the
member, it is a compressive force (C),

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Simple Trusses

Two methods are usually used to

determine the force in each member
(Internal Forces).
1. Method of Joints (when the internal
forces in all members are required )
2. Method of sections (when the internal
forces in few members are required )

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Simple Trusses

Simple Truss. If three members are

pin connected at their ends, they form
a triangular truss that will be rigid ,
Attaching two more members and
connecting these members to a new
joint D forms a larger truss.

• This procedure can be repeated as

many times as desired to form an
even larger truss. If a truss can be
constructed by expanding the basic
triangular truss in this way, it is
called a simple truss
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The Method of Joints

6.2 The Method of Joints

when the internal forces in all members

are required, use the method of Joints.
1. This method is based on the fact that if
the entire truss is in equilibrium,
then each of its joints is also in
equilibrium.
2. The free-body diagram of each joint is
drawn.
3. ∑Fx = 0 and ∑ Fy = 0 need to be
satisfied for equilibrium.
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The Method of Joints

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The Method of Joints

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The Method of Joints

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The Method of Joints

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The Method of Joints

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The Method of Joints

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The Method of Joints

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The Method of Joints

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The Method of Joints

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Zero-Force Members

6.3 Zero-Force Members

Zero-Force Members: members which support no
loading.

Zero-Force Members are used to increase the stability

of the truss during construction and to provide added
support if the loading is changed.

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Zero-Force Members

How to find a Zero-Force Members?

Zero-Force Members can generally be found by inspection of
each of the joints as follow:
1. Seek for all free joints (with no support nor external
loads)
2. If only two nonlinear members are connected to the
free joint, then both members are Zero-Force Members
3. If three members are connected to this three member
and two of them are collinear then the third one is for
sure a Zero-Force Members

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Zero-Force Members

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Zero-Force Members

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Zero-Force Members

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Zero-Force Members

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Zero-Force Members

Notes while using method of joints:

1. To find the reactions, the equilibrium of the entire truss should be
considered.
2. To find the eternal forces the equilibrium of the joints is considered.
3. Assume the directions of the internal forces then if their answer is
+ve that indicates that the assumed sense is right.
4. Once you get the magnitude and the right direction of any force, the
right sense should be used when it is needed to reuse this force.
5. to solve any truss by method of joints:
a. Symmetry
b. Zero force members.
c. Reactions
d. F.B.D. of joints ( choose joints with at most 2 unknowns)
e. Apply equations of equilibrium (CH3).
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The Method of Sections
6.4 The Method of Sections
When we need to find the force in
only a few members of a truss, we
can analyze the truss using the
method of sections.
1. It is based on the principle that if
the truss is in equilibrium then
any segment of the truss is also in
equilibrium.
2. An imaginary section, can be used
to cut each of the required
members and thereby “expose”
their internal force.
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The Method of Sections
3. The free-body diagram of either
of its two parts is drawn.
4. Apply the equations of
equilibrium to that part to
determine the member forces at
the “cut section.”
5. Since only three equilibrium
equations ( ∑Fx = 0, ∑ Fy = 0, ∑
MO = 0 ) can be applied, then we
should try to select a section that,
in general, passes through not
more than three members in
which the forces are unknown

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The Method of Sections

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The Method of Sections

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The Method of Sections
Notes while using method of sections:
1. To find the reactions, the equilibrium of the entire truss should be
considered.
2. To find the eternal forces use the equilibrium of one of the two
segments of the truss should be considered .
3. Assume the directions of the internal forces then if their answer is
+ve that indicates that the assumed sense is right.
4. Once you get the magnitude and the right direction of any force, the
right sense should be used when it is needed to reuse this force.
5. to solve any truss by method of joints:
A. Apply the section and put a plan for your solutions and find if it
is required to find all the reactions, some of them or non of
them.
B. F.B.D. of any of the two segments of the truss.
C. Apply equations of equilibrium (CH5).
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Frames and Machines

6.6 Frames and Machines

Frames and machines are two types of structures which are

often composed of pin-connected multiforce members
(members that are subjected to more than two forces).
Frames are used to support loads, whereas machines contain
moving parts and are designed to transmit and alter the effect
of forces.
 In order to determine the forces acting at the joints and
supports of a frame or machine, the structure must be
disassembled and the free-body diagrams of its parts must
be drawn.
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Frames and Machines

The following important points must be observed:

1. Isolate each part by drawing its outlined shape . Then

show all the forces and/or couple moments that act on the
part.
2. Identify all the two-force members in the structure and
represent their free-body diagrams as having two equal
but opposite collinear forces acting at their points of
application
3. Forces common to any two contacting members act with
equal magnitudes but opposite sense on the respective
members.
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Problems
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All problem solutions must include FBDs

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