Engineering Mechanics: Statics

CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body

Equilibrium of a
Rigid Body
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Content

Content
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Conditions for Rigid-Body Equilibrium

5.1 Conditions for Rigid-Body Equilibrium

If this resultant force and couple moment are both
equal to zero, then the body is said to be in
equilibrium .

Mathematically, the equilibrium of a body is expressed

as:
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams

5.2 Free-Body Diagrams

Free-Body Diagram: is a sketch of the outlined shape
of the body, which represents it as being isolated or
“free” from its surroundings.

On this sketch it is necessary to show all the forces and

couple moments that the surroundings exert on the
body.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams

Draw Outlined Shape.

Show All Forces.
A. External Forces. (Known and unknown)
B. Reactions.
C. Weight (center of the gravity)
D. Internal Forces (not considered)
 Dimensions.
To account for all these forces, it may be helpful to trace around the bodies
boundary carefully noting each force acting on it.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams

Support Reactions.
As a general rule,
If a support prevents the translation of a body in a
given direction, then a force is developed on the body
in that direction.
If rotation is prevented, a couple moment is exerted
on the body.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams

Common types of supports

1. Roller (Rocker):
this support only prevents the beam from translating in
the vertical direction, the roller will only exert a force
on the beam in this direction
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams

2. Pin Support (more restrictive than Roller):

The pin can prevent translation of the beam in any direction
∅, and so the pin must exert a force F on the beam in this
direction. For purposes of analysis, it is generally easier to
represent this resultant force F by its two rectangular
components Fx and Fy.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams

3. Fixed support (The most restrictive way to support

the beam )
This support will prevent both translation and rotation of
the beam. To do this a force and couple moment must be
developed on the beam at its point of connection.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams

Weight and the Center of Gravity.

The weight W of the body is located at the center of gravity.

when the body is uniform or made from the same material,

the center of gravity will be located at the body’s geometric
center or centroid.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Free-Body Diagrams
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium

5.3 Equations of Equilibrium

When the body is subjected to a system of forces, which
all lie in the x – y plane, then the forces can be resolved
into their x and y components. Consequently, the
conditions for equilibrium in two dimensions are.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium

Alternative Sets of Equilibrium Equations.

Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Equations of Equilibrium
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Two- and Three-Force Members
5.4 Two- and Three-Force Members
Two-Force Members. Is a member has forces applied at
only two points on the member.
To satisfy force equilibrium:
1. FA and FB must be equal in magnitude, FA = FB = F , but
opposite in direction (∑F = 0).
2. Moment equilibrium requires that FA and FB share the
same line of action, which can only happen if they are
directed along the line joining points A and B (∑ MA = 0 or
∑ MB = 0 ).
Therefore, for any two-force member to be in equilibrium, the two forces acting on the
member must have the same magnitude, act in opposite directions, and have the same
line of action, directed along the line joining the two points where these forces act.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Two- and Three-Force Members
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Two- and Three-Force Members

Three-Force Members. Is a member that is

subjected to only three forces.

Moment equilibrium can be satisfied only if:

1. the three forces form a concurrent or
2. parallel force system.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Two- and Three-Force Members

If the lines of action of F1 and F2 intersect at point O ,

then the line of action of F3 must also pass through
point O so that the forces satisfy ∑MO = 0 . As a
special case, if the three forces are all parallel, Fig. 5–
21 b , the location of the point of intersection, O, will
approach infinity.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Problems
Problems
All problem solutions must include an FBD.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Problems
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Problems
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Problems
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Problems
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Problems
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
CH5/ Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Problems