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2. Which one of the following respiratory chain components is a mobile carrier of electrons:
a) cytochrome oxidase
b) NADH-Q reductase
c) ubiquinone
d) succinate dehydrogenase
e) cytochrome reductase
5. A child has accidentally ingested a chemical and has presented with high fever. The chemical is known
to affect ATP formation in electron transport chain. Which of the following compounds could cause the
similar manifestations:
a) cyanide
b) malonate
c) 2,4-dinitrophenol
d) rotenone
e) carbon monoxide
9. Which one of the following enzymes catalyzes substrate level phosphorylation in TCA cycle:
a) malate dehydrogenase
1
b) succinate dehydrogenase
c) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
d) isocitrate dehydrogenase
e) succinate thiokinase
11. The compound that consists of ribose linked by an N-glycosidic bond to N-9 of adenine is:
a) a purine nucleotide
b) a pyrimidine nucleotide
c) adenosine
d) AMP
e) inosine
12. Endogenously synthesized triacylglycerols are transported from liver to extrahepatic tissues by which
of the following lipoproteins:
a) chylomicrons
b) VLDL
c) LDL
d) HDL
e) b, c
17. Which of the following contributes nitrogen atoms to both purine and pyrimidine rings:
a) aspartate
2
b) carbamoyl phosphate
c) carbon dioxide
d) glutamate
e) tetrahydrofolate
18. Allopurinol, which effectively treats gout, has no effect on the severe neurological symptoms of Lesch-
Nyhan patients, because it does not:
a) decrease de novo purine synthesis
b) decrease de novo pyrimidine synthesis
c) decrease urate synthesis
d) increase PRPP levels (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate)
e) inhibit xanthine oxidase
19. A child is found to have severe combined immunodeficiency. His lab tests demonstrate a decrease in T
cells, B cells, natural killer cells and decreased antibodies. The enzyme that is defective in this disorder
is important in which of the following processes:
a) conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides
b) formation of AMP
c) synthesis of UMP
d) conversion of dUMP to dTMP
e) conversion of adenosine to inosine
21. A 58-year-old man suffers from the recurrent attacks of angry inflammed great toe, especially after a
rich meal. Inhibition of which of the following enzymes might prevent the occurrence of such symptoms:
a) amido transferase
b) PRPP synthetase
c) xanthine oxidase
d) orotate phosphoribosyl transferase
e) carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-II
22. Glycine and proline are the most abundant amino acids in the structure of:
a) hemoglobin
b) myoglobin
c) insulin
d) glucagon
e) collagen
23. Which of the following amino acids is a precursor for a mediator of allergies and inflammation:
a) histidine
b) tyrosine
c) phenylalanine
d) tryptophan
e) asparagine
24. All of the following amino acids are both glucogenic as well as ketogenic except:
a) isoleucine
b) leucine
c) tyrosine
d) phenylalanine
e) tryptophan
26. In scurvy, which amino acid that is normally part of collagen is not synthesized?
a) hydroxytryptophan
b) hydroxytyrosine
c) hydroxyalanine
d) hydroxylysine
e) hydroxyphenylalanine
27. Which of the following amino acids in myoglobin is highly likely to be localized within the interior of the
molecule:
a) arginine
b) valine
c) aspartic acid
d) lysine
e) serine
29. Glycogen phosphorylase, which mobilizes glycogen for energy, requires as a cofactor:
a) pyridoxal phosphate
b) tetrahydrofolate
c) adenosyl cobalamine
d) coenzyme A
e) ATP
30. Which of the following statement is incorrect about the effect of increasing temperature on enzyme
activity:
a) Raising the temperature increases the kinetic energy of molecules.
b) A 10 oC rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50 to 100%.
c) Most animal enzymes rapidly become denatured at temperatures above 40oC.
d) Storage of enzymes at 5°C or below is generally not suitable.
e) Enzymes from thermophilic bacteria are stable at temperatures above 45 oC.
33. The inhibition of thymidylate synthase by the drug fluorouracil is an example of:
a) allosteric inhibition
4
b) competitive inhibition
c) noncompetitive Inhibition
d) suicidal inhibition
e) reversible inhibition
34. The activities of many enzymes, membrane transporters and other proteins can be quickly activated or
inactivated by phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues. This regulation is called:
a) allosteric modification
b) covalent modification
c) induction
d) repression
e) feedback regulation
35. Glycogen synthase adds glucose residues to the nonreducing ends of a glycogen primer from:
a) UDP- glucose
b) glucose-1-P
c) glucose-6-P
d) glycogenin
e) glycoproteins
38. Which of the following is the most important for maintenance of blood glucose:
a) liver
b) heart
c) skeletal muscle
d) spleen
e) gut
39. A 15-year-old male presents with increased thirst, hunger, urination, and weight loss. His fasting blood
glucose level is 400 mg/dl and is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. What is the reason for this
patient’s inability to maintain a normal blood glucose level:
a) decreased uptake of glucose by peripheral cells
b) abnormal response to glucagon
c) decreased glucagon to insulin ratio
d) decreased glucose output by the liver
e) increased ketone body production
42. Which of the following statements about liver phosphorylase kinase is most accurate:
a) It is present in the inactivated form when epinephrine is released.
b) It phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase to make it inactive.
c) It is stimulated by cAMP mediated phosphorylation cascade.
d) It is not affected by protein kinase A (PKA).
e) It is phosphorylated in response to insulin.
43. Which of the following biochemical deficits are seen in Pompe’s disease:
a) a glycogenin deficiency
b) an α(1→6) glycosidase deficiency
c) a glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency
d) a glycogen phosphorylase deficiency
e) a lysosomal glucosidase deficiency
44. Caffeine inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase. If caffeine is added to cells, which of the following enzymes
is phosphorylated and inactivated in liver:
a) phosphorylase kinase
b) calmodulin
c) glycogen phosphorylase
d) protein kinase A
e) glycogen synthase
45. The activity of muscle glycogen synthase in resting muscles is increased by the action of:
a) epinephrine
b) glucagon
c) insulin
d) phosphorylation
e) fasting and starvation
46. Cytosolic HMG-CoA is reduced to mevalonate for the synthesis of cholesterol, the enzyme catalyzing
this irreversible step is:
a) thiolase
b) thioesterase
c) HMG-CoA lyase
d) HMG-CoA synthase
e) HMG-CoA reductase
49. Which of the following amino acid is another component of glutathione besides cysteine and glutamate:
a) methionine
6
b) arginine
c) lysine
d) ornithine
e) glycine
51. S-adenosylmethionine (S-AM) is required for the synthesis of which of the following compounds:
a) thyroid hormone
b) sphingosine
c) melatonin
d) serotonin
e) bile salts
52. Which of the following compounds is formed from hydroxylation requiring vitamin C and subsequent
methylation:
a) histamine
b) dopamine
c) epinephrine
d) creatine
e) norepinephrine
55. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, the drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, are given to
decrease the degradation of which of the following:
a) tyrosine
b) dopamine
c) nicotinamide
d) melanin
e) nitric oxide
56. Which of the following amino acids would be found in the highest concentration in the serum in the post
absorptive state:
a) alanine and glutamine
b) arginine and ornithine
c) glutamate and aspartate
d) branched chain amino acids
e) hydrophobic amino acids
57. Tyrosine upon catabolism enters TCA cycle as which of the following:
a) oxaloacetate
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b) citrate
c) succinyl-CoA
d) α-ketoglutarate
e) fumarate
58. Which of the following compounds you most likely expect to be elevated in the blood of the patient with
the defect of cystathionine-β-synthase:
a) homocysteine
b) valine
c) threonine
d) glutamine
e) cysteine
59. Which of the following compounds is expected to be in the highest concentration in brain as a result of
detoxification of ammonia:
a) α-ketoglutarate
b) glutamate
c) glutamine
d) GABA
e) asparagine
60. Which of the following enzymes requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to mediate its reaction:
a) argininosuccinate lyase
b) argininosuccinate synthetase
c) arginase
d) glutaminase
e) ornithine transcarbamoylase
61. Which of the following amino acids is not converted to acetyl-CoA upon metabolism:
a) tyrosine
b) leucine
c) tryptophan
d) lysine
e) valine
62. Which of the following enzymes does not need a primer in order to function:
a) DNA Pol I
b) DNA Pol II
c) DNA Pol III
d) RNA polymerase
e) DNA polymerase α
63. Which of the following enzymes is required for the end to end joining of DNA:
a) DNA Pol I
b) DNA ligase
c) DNA Pol III
d) RNA polymerase
e) telomerase
64. How many hydrogen bonds form between T and A in a Watson-Crick base pair interactions:
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
e) 4
66. In protein synthesis which of the following sequences is not a termination codon:
a) UAG
b) UGA
c) UUU
d) UAA
e) b and d
68. All are needed as coenzyme for α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex except:
a) niacin
b) folic acid
c) riboflavin
d) lipoic acid
e) HS-CoA
75. Which one of the following is involved in the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA:
a) thiamine pyrophosphate
b) acyl carrier protein
c) biotin
d) niacin
e) pyridoxal phosphate
78. Which vitamin is required for the absorption of calcium from the gut:
a) vitamin D
b) vitamin E
c) vitamin B12
d) vitamin K
e) vitamin A
79. Which of the following vitamins increases the absorption of iron from the gut:
a) vitamin A
b) vitamin E
c) vitamin C
d) vitamin K
e) vitamin D
80. Which of essential nutrient participates as a coenzyme in the transport of high energy electrons and H+
ions during oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrion:
a) riboflavin
b) thiamine
c) niacin
d) ascorbic acid
e) a and c
81. Which of the following vitamins in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex becomes non functional by
arsenate poisoning:
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a) niacin
b) lipoamide
c) pantothenic acid
d) riboflavin
e) HS-CoA
82. As a hormone, vitamin D has three target tissues. Which are they:
a) kidney, small intestine, bone
b) heart, blood, bone marrow
c) kidney, liver, brain
d) small intestine, liver, fat cells
e) brain, pancreas, muscle
84. The Cori cycle proceeds in only one direction because glucose-6-phosphatase in not found in:
a) liver
b) muscle
c) spleen
d) small intestine
e) kidney
85. The pentose phosphate cycle produces which of the following compounds:
I. glucose II. ribose III. lactose
+
IV. NADPH V. NAD VI. NADH
a) II and IV
b) I and IV
c) III and V
d) I, II, VI
e) III and IV
86. Glucokinase:
a) has a Km value for glucose higher than hexokinase
b) is found in muscle
c) is inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate
d) is also known as the GLUT-2 protein
e) has glucose-6-phosphatase activity as well as kinase activity
87. Some patients develop hemolytic anemia after taking the oxidizing antimalarial drug. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this severe reaction:
a) glycogen phosphorylase deficiency
b) disturbances in glucose-6-phosphatase activity
c) diabetes mellitus type II
d) glutathione peroxidase deficiency
e) genetic defect of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
88. The important compound produced under normal circumstances by erythrocytes in glycolysis, which
binds to hemoglobin. This metabolite is:
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a) pyruvate
b) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
c) lactate
d) 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
e) 3-phosphoglycerate
89. Which of the following enzymes is necessary for reversal of the reaction catalysed by pyruvate kinase
during gluconeogenesis:
a) pyruvate carboxylase
b) pyruvate dehydrogenase
c) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
d) a, c
e) lactate dehydrogenase
90. Muscle enzyme deficiency, poor exercise tolerance, muscle glycogen abnormally high, blood lactate
very low after exercise. Deficiency of which of the following enzymes is the cause of the presented
clinical features:
a) muscle glycogen synthase
b) glucose 6-phosphatase
c) branching enzyme
d) myophosphorylase
e) muscle hexokinase
92. Acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis is generated in the cytosol by:
a) acetyl-CoA carboxylase
b) ATP-citrate lyase
c) carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I
d) pyruvate dehydrogenase
e) thiolase
93. Which enzyme catalyzes the only step of fatty acid oxidation that requires energy:
a) acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
b) thiolase
c) Δ2-enoyl-CoA hydratase
d) L(+)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
e) acyl-CoA synthetase
94. All the following statements correctly describe ketone bodies except:
a) They may result from starvation.
b) They are present at high levels in uncontrolled diabetes.
c) They include β-hydroxybutyrate and acetone.
d) They are utilized by the liver during long term starvation.
e) They are transported from the liver to other tissues.
96. Which of the following metabolite integrates glucose and fatty acid metabolism:
a) acetyl-CoA
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b) pyruvate
c) citrate
d) lactate
e) acetone
97. Fatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates in the body as the following reaction is not
possible:
a) conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose
b) fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate
c) transformation of acetyl-CoA to pyruvate
d) formation of acetyl-CoA from fatty acids
e) transformation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
100. The ability of liver to remove benzoate from the blood reflects its:
a) excretory function
b) detoxification function
c) metabolic function
d) circulatory function
e) blood glucose regulation function
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