Paper F6 (UK)

Fundamentals Level – Skills Module

Taxation
(United Kingdom)
Specimen Exam applicable from
September 2016

Time allowed: 3 hours 15 minutes

This question paper is divided into three sections:

Section A – ALL 15 questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted
Section B – ALL 15 questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted
Section C – ALL THREE questions are compulsory and MUST be
attempted

Rates of tax and tables are printed on pages 2–4.

Do NOT open this question paper until instructed by the supervisor.

Do NOT record any of your answers on the question paper.
This question paper must not be removed from the examination hall.

The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants

SUPPLEMENTARY INSTRUCTIONS
1. Calculations and workings need only be made to the nearest £.
2. All apportionments should be made to the nearest month.
3. All workings should be shown in Section C.

TAX RATES AND ALLOWANCES

The following tax rates and allowances are to be used in answering the questions.

Income tax
Normal Dividend
rates rates
Basic rate £1 – £32,000 20% 7·5%
Higher rate £32,001 to £150,000 40% 32·5%
Additional rate £150,001 and over 45% 38·1%
Savings income nil rate band – Basic rate taxpayers £1,000
Savings income nil rate band – Higher rate taxpayers £500
Dividend nil rate band £5,000
A starting rate of 0% applies to savings income where it falls within the first £5,000 of taxable income.

Personal allowance
Personal allowance £11,000
Transferable amount £1,100
Income limit £100,000

Residence status
Days in UK Previously resident Not previously resident
Less than 16 Automatically not resident Automatically not resident
16 to 45 Resident if 4 UK ties (or more) Automatically not resident
46 to 90 Resident if 3 UK ties (or more) Resident if 4 UK ties
91 to 120 Resident if 2 UK ties (or more) Resident if 3 UK ties (or more)
121 to 182 Resident if 1 UK tie (or more) Resident if 2 UK ties (or more)
183 or more Automatically resident Automatically resident

Child benefit income tax charge

Where income is between £50,000 and £60,000, the charge is 1% of the amount of child benefit received for every
£100 of income over £50,000.

Car benefit percentage

The relevant base level of CO2 emissions is 95 grams per kilometre.
The percentage rates applying to petrol cars with CO2 emissions up to this level are:
50 grams per kilometre or less 7%
51 grams to 75 grams per kilometre 11%
76 grams to 94 grams per kilometre 15%
95 grams per kilometre 16%

2
 Car fuel benefit
The base figure for calculating the car fuel benefit is £22,200.

Individual savings accounts (ISAs)

The overall investment limit is £15,240.

Pension scheme limits

Annual allowance – 2014–15 to 2016–17 £40,000
– 2013–14 £50,000
Minimum allowance £10,000
Income limit £150,000
The maximum contribution that can qualify for tax relief without any earnings is £3,600.

Authorised mileage allowances: cars

Up to 10,000 miles 45p
Over 10,000 miles 25p

Capital allowances: rates of allowance

Plant and machinery
Main pool 18%
Special rate pool 8%

Motor cars
New cars with CO2 emissions up to 75 grams per kilometre 100%
CO2 emissions between 76 and 130 grams per kilometre 18%
CO2 emissions over 130 grams per kilometre 8%

Annual investment allowance

Rate of allowance 100%
Expenditure limit £200,000

Cap on income tax reliefs

Unless otherwise restricted, reliefs are capped at the higher of £50,000 or 25% of income.

Corporation tax
Rate of tax 20%
Profit threshold £1,500,000

Value added tax (VAT)

Standard rate 20%
Registration limit £83,000
Deregistration limit £81,000

3 [P.T.O.
 Inheritance tax: tax rates
£1 – £325,000 Nil
Excess – Death rate 40%
– Lifetime rate 20%

Inheritance tax: taper relief

Years before death Percentage
reduction
Over 3 but less than 4 years 20%
Over 4 but less than 5 years 40%
Over 5 but less than 6 years 60%
Over 6 but less than 7 years 80%

Capital gains tax

Normal Residential
rates property
Lower rate 10% 18%
Higher rate 20% 28%
Annual exempt amount £11,100
Entrepreneurs’ relief – Lifetime limit £10,000,000
– Rate of tax 10%

National insurance contributions

Class 1 Employee £1 – £8,060 per year Nil
£8,061 – £43,000 per year 12%
£43,001 and above per year 12%
Class 1 Employer £1 – £8,112 per year Nil
£8,113 and above per year 13·8%
Employment allowance £3,000
Class 1A 13·8%
Class 2 £2·80 per week
Small profits threshold £5,965
Class 4 £1 – £8,060 per year Nil
£8,061 – £43,000 per year 9%
£43,001 and above per year 2%

Rates of interest (assumed)

Official rate of interest 3%
Rate of interest on underpaid tax 3%
Rate of interest on overpaid tax 0·50%

4
 This is a blank page.
Section A begins on page 6.

5 [P.T.O.
Section A – ALL 15 questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted

Please use the grid provided on page two of the Candidate Answer Booklet to record your answers to each multiple
choice question. Do not write out the answers to the MCQs on the lined pages of the answer booklet.
Each question is worth 2 marks.

1 William is self-employed, and his tax adjusted trading profit for the year ended 5 April 2017 was £82,700. During
the tax year 2016–17, William contributed £5,400 (gross) into a personal pension scheme.

What amount of class 4 national insurance contributions (NIC) will William pay for the tax year 2016–17?
A £3,831
B £6,718
C £3,939
D £3,145

2 You are a trainee Chartered Certified Accountant and your firm has a client who has refused to disclose a chargeable
gain to HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).

From an ethical viewpoint, which of the following actions could be expected of your firm?
(1) Reporting under the money laundering regulations
(2) Advising the client to make disclosure
(3) Informing HMRC of the non-disclosure
(4) Warning the client that your firm will be reporting the non-disclosure
A 2 and 4 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 1, 2, 3 and 4

3 Martin is self-employed, and for the year ended 5 April 2017 his trading profit was £109,400. During the tax year
2016–17, Martin made a gift aid donation of £800 (gross) to a national charity.

What amount of personal allowance will Martin be entitled to for the tax year 2016–17?
A £11,000
B £6,700
C £6,300
D £0

4 For the year ended 31 March 2017, Halo Ltd made a trading loss of £180,000.
Halo Ltd has owned 100% of the ordinary share capital of Shallow Ltd since it began trading on 1 July 2016. For
the year ended 30 June 2017, Shallow Ltd will make a trading profit of £224,000.
Neither company has any other taxable profits or allowable losses.

What is the maximum amount of group relief which Shallow Ltd can claim from Halo Ltd in respect of the trading
loss of £180,000 for the year ended 31 March 2017?
A £180,000
B £168,000
C £45,000
D £135,000

6
5 For the year ended 31 March 2016, Sizeable Ltd had taxable total profits of £820,000, and for the year ended
31 March 2017 had taxable total profits of £970,000. The profits accrue evenly throughout the year.
Sizeable Ltd has had one 51% group company for many years.

How will Sizeable Ltd pay its corporation tax liability for the year ended 31 March 2017?
A Nine instalments of £16,400 and a balancing payment of £46,400
B Four instalments of £48,500
C Four instalments of £41,000 and a balancing payment of £30,000
D One payment of £194,000

6 For the year ended 31 December 2016, Lateness Ltd had a corporation tax liability of £60,000, which it did not pay
until 31 March 2018. Lateness Ltd is not a large company.

How much interest will Lateness Ltd be charged by HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) in respect of the late
payment of its corporation tax liability for the year ended 31 December 2016?
A £900
B £2,250
C £300
D £450

7 On 26 November 2016, Alice sold an antique table for £8,700. The antique table had been purchased on 16 May
2013 for £3,800.

What is Alice’s chargeable gain in respect of the disposal of the antique table?
A £4,500
B £1,620
C £4,900
D £0

8 On 14 November 2016, Jane made a cash gift to a trust of £800,000 (after deducting all available exemptions).
Jane paid the inheritance tax arising from this gift. Jane has not made any other lifetime gifts.

What amount of lifetime inheritance tax would have been payable in respect of Jane’s gift to the trust?
A £95,000
B £190,000
C £118,750
D £200,000

7 [P.T.O.
9 During the tax year 2016–17, Mildred made the following cash gifts to her grandchildren:
(1) £400 to Alfred
(2) £140 to Minnie
(3) A further £280 to Minnie
(4) £175 to Winifred

Which of the gifts will be exempt from inheritance tax under the small gifts exemption?
A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 2, 3 and 4 only
C 2 only
D 4 only

10 For the quarter ended 31 March 2017, Zim had standard rated sales of £49,750 and standard rated expenses of
£22,750. Both figures are exclusive of value added tax (VAT).
Zim uses the flat rate scheme to calculate the amount of VAT payable, with the relevant scheme percentage for her
trade being 12%. The percentage reduction for the first year of VAT registration is not available.

How much VAT will Zim have to pay to HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) for the quarter ended 31 March 2017?
A £5,970
B £3,888
C £5,400
D £7,164

11 Which of the following assets will ALWAYS be exempt from capital gains tax?
(1) A motor car suitable for private use
(2) A chattel
(3) A UK Government security (gilt)
(4) A house
A 1 and 3
B 2 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 1 and 4

12 Winston has already invested £8,000 into a cash individual savings account (ISA) during the tax year 2016–17. He
now wants to invest into a stocks and shares ISA.

What is the maximum possible amount which Winston can invest into a stocks and shares ISA for the tax year
2016–17?
A £15,240
B £7,240
C £0
D £7,620

8
13 Ming is self-employed.

How long must she retain the business and non-business records used in preparing her self-assessment tax return
for the tax year 2016–17?
Business records Non-business records
A 31 January 2019 31 January 2019
B 31 January 2019 31 January 2023
C 31 January 2023 31 January 2023
D 31 January 2023 31 January 2019

14 Moon Ltd has had the following results:

Period Profit/(loss)
£
Year ended 31 December 2016 (105,000)
Four-month period ended 31 December 2015 43,000
Year ended 31 August 2015 96,000
The company does not have any other income.

How much of Moon Ltd’s trading loss for the year ended 31 December 2016 can be relieved against its total
profits of £96,000 for the year ended 31 August 2015?
A £64,000
B £96,000
C £70,000
D £62,000

15 Nigel has not previously been resident in the UK, being in the UK for less than 20 days each tax year. For the tax
year 2016–17, he has three ties with the UK.

What is the maximum number of days which Nigel could spend in the UK during the tax year 2016–17 without
being treated as resident in the UK for that year?
A 90 days
B 182 days
C 45 days
D 120 days

(30 marks)

9 [P.T.O.
Section B – ALL 15 questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted

Please use the grid provided on page two of the Candidate Answer Booklet to record your answers to each multiple
choice question. Do not write out the answers to the MCQs on the lined pages of the answer booklet.
Each question is worth 2 marks.

The following scenario relates to questions 16–20.

Delroy and Grant
On 10 January 2017, Delroy made a gift of 25,000 £1 ordinary shares in Dub Ltd, an unquoted trading company, to his
son, Grant. The market value of the shares on that date was £240,000. Delroy had subscribed for the 25,000 shares in
Dub Ltd at par on 1 July 2006. Delroy and Grant have elected to hold over the gain as a gift of a business asset.
Grant sold the 25,000 shares in Dub Ltd on 18 March 2017 for £240,000.
Dub Ltd has a share capital of 100,000 £1 ordinary shares. Delroy was the sales director of the company from its
incorporation on 1 July 2006 until 10 January 2017. Grant has never been an employee or a director of Dub Ltd.
For the tax year 2016–17, Delroy and Grant are both higher rate taxpayers. They have each made other disposals of assets
during the tax year 2016–17, and therefore they have both already utilised their annual exempt amount for this year.
Marlon and Alvita
On 28 March 2017, Marlon sold a residential property for £497,000, which he had owned individually. The property had
been purchased on 22 October 2001 for £152,600.
Throughout the period of ownership, the property was occupied by Marlon and his wife, Alvita, as their main residence.
One-third of the property was always used exclusively for business purposes by the couple. Entrepreneurs’ relief is not
available in respect of this disposal.
For the tax year 2016–17, Marlon is a higher rate taxpayer, but Alvita did not have any taxable income. This will remain
the case for the tax year 2017–18. Neither of them has made any other disposals of assets during the year.

16 What is Grant’s capital gains tax (CGT) liability for the tax year 2016–17 in respect of the disposal of the shares
in Dub Ltd?
A £43,000
B £21,500
C £0
D £40,780

17 What would the CGT implications have been if Delroy had instead sold the 25,000 shares in Dub Ltd himself for
£240,000 on 10 January 2017, and then gifted the cash proceeds to Grant?
(1) Entrepreneurs’ relief would have been available
(2) The CGT liability would have been paid later
(3) The cash gift would not have been a chargeable disposal
(4) The cash gift would have qualified for holdover relief
A 1 and 3
B 2 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 1 and 4

10
18 What is Marlon’s chargeable gain for the tax year 2016–17?
A £229,600
B £0
C £114,800
D £344,400

19 What is the amount of CGT which could have been saved if Marlon had transferred 50% ownership of the
residential property to Alvita prior to its disposal?
A £3,108
B £6,308
C £3,200
D £12,068

20 Why would it have been beneficial if Marlon had delayed the sale of the residential property until 6 April 2017?
A A lower rate of CGT would have been applicable
B Two annual exempt amounts would have been available
C Principal private residence relief would have been greater
D The CGT liability would have been paid later

11 [P.T.O.
The following scenario relates to questions 21–25.
You should assume that today’s date is 15 March 2017.

Opal is aged 71, and has a chargeable estate for inheritance tax (IHT) purposes valued at £950,000.
She owns two properties, respectively valued at £374,000 and £442,000. The first property has an outstanding
repayment mortgage of £160,000, and the second property has an outstanding endowment mortgage of £92,000.
Opal owes £22,400 in respect of a personal loan from a bank, and she has also verbally promised to pay legal fees of
£4,600 incurred by her nephew. Opal expects the cost of her funeral to be £5,200, and this cost will be covered by the
£6,000 which she has invested in an individual savings account (ISA).
Under the terms of her will, Opal has left all of her estate to her children. Opal’s husband is still alive.
On 14 August 2007, Opal had made a gift of £100,000 to her daughter, and on 7 November 2016, she made a gift of
£220,000 to her son. Both these figures are after deducting all available exemptions.
The nil rate band for the tax year 2007–08 is £300,000.
You should assume that both the value of Opal’s estate and the nil rate band will remain unchanged for future years.

21 What is the net value for the two properties, and related mortgages, which will have been included in the
calculation of Opal’s chargeable estate of £950,000?
A £816,000
B £564,000
C £656,000
D £724,000

22 What is the total amount of deductions (ignoring mortgage debts) which will have been permitted in calculating
Opal’s chargeable estate of £950,000?
A £28,400
B £22,400
C £32,200
D £27,600

23 What amount of IHT will be payable in respect of Opal’s chargeable estate valued at £950,000 were she to die
on 20 March 2017?
A £250,000
B £338,000
C £378,000
D £335,600

24 By how much would the IHT payable on Opal’s death be reduced if she were to live for another seven years until
20 March 2024, compared to if she were to die on 20 March 2017?
A £88,000
B £40,000
C £128,000
D £0

12
25 Which of the following conditions must be met if Opal wants to make gifts out of her income, so that these gifts
are exempt from IHT?
(1) The gifts cannot exceed 10% of income
(2) The gifts must be habitual
(3) Opal must have enough remaining income to maintain her normal standard of living
(4) Opal must make the gifts monthly or quarterly
A 3 and 4
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 1 and 2

13 [P.T.O.
The following scenario relates to questions 26–30.
The following information is available in respect of Glacier Ltd’s value added tax (VAT) for the quarter ended 31 March
2017:
(1) Invoices were issued for sales of £44,600 to VAT registered customers. Of this figure, £35,200 was in respect of
exempt sales and the balance in respect of standard rated sales. The standard rated sales figure is exclusive of VAT.
(2) In addition to the above, on 1 March 2017 Glacier Ltd issued a VAT invoice for £8,000 plus VAT of £1,600 to a VAT
registered customer in respect of a contract which will be completed on 15 April 2017. The customer paid for the
contract in two instalments of £4,800 on 31 March 2017 and 30 April 2017.
(3) The managing director of Glacier Ltd is provided with free fuel for private mileage driven in her company motor car.
During the quarter ended 31 March 2017, the total cost of fuel for business and private mileage was £720, of which
£270 was for private mileage. The relevant quarterly scale charge is £408. All of these figures are inclusive of VAT.
For the quarters ended 30 September 2015 and 30 June 2016, Glacier Ltd was one month late in submitting its VAT
returns and in paying the related VAT liabilities. All of the company’s other VAT returns have been submitted on time.

26 What is the amount of output VAT payable by Glacier Ltd in respect of its sales for the quarter ended 31 March
2017?
A £2,680
B £3,480
C £10,520
D £1,880

27 What output VAT and input VAT entries will Glacier Ltd include on its VAT return for the quarter ended 31 March
2017 in respect of the managing director’s company motor car?
A Output VAT of £68 and input VAT of £75
B Output VAT of £0 and input VAT of £75
C Output VAT of £0 and input VAT of £120
D Output VAT of £68 and input VAT of £120

28 What surcharge penalty could Glacier Ltd be charged if the company is one month late in paying its VAT liability
for the quarter ended 31 March 2017?
A 5% of the VAT liability
B 2% of the VAT liability
C There will be no penalty
D 10% of the VAT liability

29 What is the minimum requirement which Glacier Ltd needs to meet in order to revert to a clean default surcharge
record?
A Submit four consecutive VAT returns on time
B Submit any four VAT returns on time and also pay the related VAT liabilities on time
C Pay four consecutive VAT liabilities on time
D Submit four consecutive VAT returns on time and also pay the related VAT liabilities on time

14
30 In which circumstances will Glacier Ltd be required to issue a VAT invoice?
A When a standard rated supply is made to any customer
B When any type of supply is made to any customer
C When a standard rated supply is made to a VAT registered customer
D When any type of supply is made to a VAT registered customer

(30 marks)

15 [P.T.O.
Section C – ALL THREE questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted

Please write your answers to all parts of these questions on the lined pages within the Candidate Answer Booklet.

31 You should assume that today’s date is 1 March 2016.

Sarah is currently self-employed. If she continues to trade on a self-employed basis, her total income tax liability and
national insurance contributions (NIC) for the tax year 2016–17 will be £12,631.
However, Sarah is considering incorporating her business on 6 April 2016. The forecast taxable total profits of the
new limited company for the year ended 5 April 2017 will be £50,000 (before taking account of any director’s
remuneration). Sarah will pay herself gross director’s remuneration of £30,000 and dividends of £10,000. The
balance of the profits will remain undrawn within the new company.

Required:
(a) Determine whether or not there will be an overall saving of tax and national insurance contributions (NIC)
for the year ended 5 April 2017 if Sarah incorporates her business on 6 April 2016.
Notes:
1. You are expected to calculate the income tax payable by Sarah, the class 1 NIC payable by Sarah and
the new limited company, and the corporation tax liability of the new limited company for the year ended
5 April 2017.
2. The new limited company will not be entitled to the NIC annual employment allowance.
3. You should assume that the rates of corporation tax remain unchanged. (8 marks)

(b) Advise Sarah as to why her proposed basis of extracting profits from the new limited company is not optimum
for tax purposes, and suggest how the mix of director’s remuneration and dividends could therefore be
improved.
Note: You are not expected to calculate any revised tax or NIC figures. (2 marks)

(10 marks)

16
32 On 6 April 2016, Simon commenced employment with Echo Ltd. On 1 January 2017, he commenced in partnership
with Art, preparing accounts to 30 April. The following information is available for the tax year 2016–17:
Employment
(1) During the tax year 2016–17, Simon was paid a gross annual salary of £23,700.
(2) Throughout the tax year 2016–17, Echo Ltd provided Simon with living accommodation. The company had
purchased the property in 2006 for £89,000, and it was valued at £143,000 on 6 April 2016. The annual
value of the property is £4,600. The property was furnished by Echo Ltd during March 2016 at a cost of £9,400.
The living accommodation is not job related.
(3) On 1 December 2016, Echo Ltd provided Simon with an interest-free loan of £84,000, which he used to
purchase a holiday cottage.
Partnership
(1) The partnership’s tax adjusted trading profit for the four-month period ended 30 April 2017 is £29,700. This
figure is before taking account of capital allowances.
(2) The only item of plant and machinery owned by the partnership is a motor car which cost £18,750 on
1 February 2017. The motor car has a CO2 emission rate of 155 grams per kilometre. It is used by Art, and
40% of the mileage is for private journeys.
(3) Profits are shared 40% to Simon and 60% to Art. This is after paying an annual salary of £6,000 to Art.
Property income
(1) Simon owns a freehold house which is let out furnished. The property was let throughout the tax year 2016–17
at a monthly rent of £660.
(2) During the tax year 2016–17, Simon paid council tax of £1,320 in respect of the property. He also replaced the
property’s washing machine during March 2017. The old washing machine was sold for £70, being replaced by
a washer-dryer costing £970. The cost of a similar washing machine would have been £730.

Required:
(a) Calculate Simon’s taxable income for the tax year 2016–17. (13 marks)

(b) State TWO advantages for the partnership of choosing 30 April as its accounting date rather than 5 April.
(2 marks)

(15 marks)

17 [P.T.O.
33 (a) You are a trainee accountant and your manager has asked you to correct a corporation tax computation which
has been prepared by the managing director of Naive Ltd. The corporation tax computation is for the year ended
31 March 2017 and contains a significant number of errors:
Naive Ltd – Corporation tax computation for the year ended 31 March 2017
£
Trading profit (working 1) 372,900
Loan interest received (working 2) 32,100
––––––––
405,000
––––––––
Corporation tax (405,000 at 20%) 81,000
––––––––
Working 1 – Trading profit
£
Profit before taxation 274,530
Depreciation 15,740
Donations to political parties 400
Qualifying charitable donations 900
Accountancy 2,300
Legal fees in connection with the issue of loan notes (the loan was used to finance
the company’s trading activities) 5,700
Entertaining suppliers 3,600
Entertaining employees 1,700
Gifts to customers (pens costing £40 each and displaying Naive Ltd’s name) 920
Gifts to customers (food hampers costing £45 each and displaying Naive Ltd’s name) 1,650
Capital allowances (working 3) 65,460
––––––––
Trading profit 372,900
––––––––
Working 2 – Loan interest received
£
Loan interest receivable 32,800
Accrued at 1 April 2016 10,600
Accrued at 31 March 2017 (11,300)
–––––––
Loan interest received 32,100
–––––––
The loan was made for non-trading purposes.

18
 Working 3 – Capital allowances
Main Motor Special Allowances
pool car rate pool
£ £ £ £
Written down value (WDV) brought forward 12,400 13,600
Additions
Machinery 42,300
Motor car [1] 13,800
Motor car [2] 14,000
–––––––
68,500
Annual investment allowance (AIA) (68,500) 68,500
Disposal proceeds (9,300)
–––––––
4,300
Balancing allowance (4,300) (4,300)
–––––––
Writing down allowance (WDA) – 18% (2,520) x 50% 1,260
––––––– –––––––
WDV carried forward 0 11,480
––––––– ––––––– –––––––
Total allowances 65,460
–––––––
(1) Motor car [1] has a CO2 emission rate of 110 grams per kilometre.
(2) Motor car [2] has a CO2 emission rate of 155 grams per kilometre. This motor car is used by the sales
manager and 50% of the mileage is for private journeys.
(3) All of the items included in the special rate pool at 1 April 2016 were sold for £9,300 during the year ended
31 March 2017. The original cost of these items was £16,200.

Required:
Prepare a revised version of Naive Ltd’s corporation tax computation for the year ended 31 March 2017.
Note: Your calculations should commence with the profit before taxation figure of £274,530, and you should
indicate by the use of zero (0) any items in the computation of the trading profit for which no adjustment is
required. (12 marks)

(b) The managing director of Naive Ltd understands that the company will have to file its self-assessment corporation
tax returns online, and that the supporting accounts and tax computations will have to be filed using the inline
eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL). The managing director is concerned about how the company
will be able to produce documents in this format.

Required:
Explain the options available to Naive Ltd regarding the production of accounts and tax computations in the
iXBRL format. (3 marks)

(15 marks)

End of Question Paper

19
Answers
Fundamentals Level – Skills Module, Paper F6 (UK) Specimen Exam Answers
Taxation (United Kingdom) and Marking Scheme

Section A Marks

1 C
(34,940 (43,000 – 8,060) at 9%) + (39,700 (82,700 – 43,000) at 2%) = £3,939

2 B

3 B
£
Personal allowance 11,000
Restriction (109,400 – 800 – 100,000 = 8,600/2) (4,300)
––––––
Restricted personal allowance 6,700
––––––

4 D
Lower of:
£135,000 (180,000 x 9/12)
£168,000 (224,000 x 9/12)

5 B
(970,000 at 20%)/4 = £48,500

6 A
60,000 x 3% x 6/12 = £900 (period 1 October 2017 to 31 March 2018)

7 A
2,700 (8,700 – 6,000) x 5/3 = £4,500
This is less than £4,900 (8,700 – 3,800).

8 C
475,000 (800,000 – 325,000) x 20/80 = £118,750

9 D

10 D
49,750 x 120/100 at 12% = £7,164

11 A

12 B
15,240 – 8,000 = £7,240

13 C

23
 Marks
14 D
105,000 – 43,000 = £62,000

15 A

–––
2 marks each 30
–––

24
Section B Marks

16 A
215,000 (240,000 – 25,000) at 20% = £43,000

17 A

18 C
344,400 (497,000 – 152,600) x 1/3 = £114,800

19 B
(11,100 at 28%) + (32,000 at 10% (28% – 18%)) = £6,308

20 D

21 C
374,000 + 442,000 – 160,000 = £656,000

22 D
22,400 + 5,200 = £27,600

23 B
845,000 (950,000 – (325,000 – 220,000)) at 40% = £338,000

24 A
220,000 at 40% = £88,000

25 C

26 B
(9,400 (44,600 – 35,200) x 20%) + 1,600 = £3,480

27 D
Output VAT 408 x 20/120 = £68
Input VAT 720 x 20/120 = £120

28 A
Second default during surcharge period.

29 D

30 C

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2 marks each 30
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25
Section C Marks

31 Sarah

(a) (1) Sarah’s income tax payable 2016–17:

£
Director’s remuneration 30,000 ½
Dividends 10,000 ½
–––––––
40,000
Personal allowance (11,000) ½
–––––––
Taxable income 29,000
–––––––
Income tax
£
19,000 at 20% 3,800 ½
5,000 at 0% 0 ½
5,000 (10,000 – 5,000) at 7·5% 375 ½
–––––––
29,400
––––––– –––––––
Income tax liability 4,175
–––––––
(2) National insurance contributions (NIC) 2016–17:
£
Employee class 1 (21,940 (30,000 – 8,060) at 12%) 2,633 1
––––––
Employer’s class 1 (21,888 (30,000 – 8,112) at 13·8%) 3,021 1
––––––
(3) Corporation tax liability of the new limited company for the year ended 5 April 2017:
£
Trading profit 50,000 ½
Director’s remuneration (30,000) ½
Employer’s class 1 NIC (3,021) ½
–––––––
Taxable total profits 16,979
–––––––
Corporation tax (16,979 at 20%) 3,396 ½
–––––––
(4) The total tax and NIC cost if Sarah incorporates her business is £13,225 (4,175 + 2,633 + 3,021
+ 3,396). ½
(5) Therefore, if Sarah incorporated her business there would be additional tax and NIC payable of £594
(13,225 – 12,631) compared to continuing on a self-employed basis. ½
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8
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(b) (1) The relatively high tax cost of Sarah incorporating her business arises because of her salary attracting
both employee and employer NICs. 1
(2) Restricting the salary to around £8,000, and taking a correspondingly higher amount of dividends,
would significantly reduce her overall tax cost. 1
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2
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10
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26
 Marks
32 (a) Simon – Taxable income 2016–17
£
Employment income
Salary 23,700 ½
Living accommodation – Annual value 4,600 ½
– Additional benefit (working 1) 2,040 W1
– Furniture (9,400 x 20%) 1,880 1
Beneficial loan (84,000 x 4/12 at 3%) 840 1
–––––––
33,060
Trading profit (working 2) 8,220 W2
Property income (working 3) 5,940 W3
–––––––
47,220
Personal allowance (11,000) ½
–––––––
Taxable income 36,220
–––––––
Working 1 – Living accommodation additional benefit
(1) The benefit is based on the market value when first provided.
£
Market value 143,000 1
Limit (75,000) ½
––––––––
68,000
––––––––
(2) The additional benefit is therefore £2,040 (68,000 at 3%). ½
Tutorial note: The property was purchased more than six years before first being provided, so the benefit is
based on the market value when first provided.
Working 2 – Trading profit
(1) Simon’s share of the partnership’s trading profit for the period ended 30 April 2017 is £10,960
calculated as follows:
£
Trading profit 29,700 ½
Capital allowances (18,750 x 8% x 4/12 x 60%) (300) 2
–––––––
29,400
Salary paid to Art (6,000 x 4/12) (2,000) 1
–––––––
27,400
–––––––
Profit share 27,400 x 40% 10,960 ½
–––––––
(2) Simon’s trading income assessment for 2016–17 is £8,220 (10,960 x 3/4). 1
Tutorial notes:
(1) Simon’s assessment for 2016–17 is for the period 1 January to 5 April 2017.
(2) The partnership’s motor car has CO2 emissions over 130 grams per kilometre and therefore qualifies
for writing down allowances at the rate of 8%.
Working 3 – Property income
£ £
Rent receivable (660 x 12) 7,920 ½
Council tax 1,320 ½
Replacement furniture relief
Washing machine (730 – 70) 660 1½
––––––
(1,980)
––––––
Property income 5,940
–––––– –––
13
–––
Tutorial note: No relief is given for that part of the cost of the washer-dryer which represents an
improvement over the original washing machine. Relief is therefore restricted to the cost of a similar washing
machine. This figure is then reduced by the proceeds from the sale of the original washing machine.

27
 Marks
(b) (1) The interval between earning profits and paying the related tax liability will be 11 months longer. This
can be particularly beneficial where profits are rising. 1
(2) It will be possible to calculate taxable profits well in advance of the end of the tax year, making it much
easier to implement tax planning and make pension contributions. 1
–––
2
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15
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33 (a) Naive Ltd – Corporation tax computation for the year ended 31 March 2017
£
Trading profit (working 1) 248,340 W1
Loan interest 32,800 1
––––––––
281,140
Qualifying charitable donations (900) ½
––––––––
Taxable total profits 280,240
––––––––
Corporation tax (280,240 at 20%) 56,048 ½
––––––––
Working 1 – Trading profit for the year ended 31 March 2017
£
Profit before taxation 274,530
Depreciation 15,740 ½
Donations to political parties 400 ½
Qualifying charitable donations 900 ½
Accountancy 0 ½
Legal fees 0 ½
Entertaining suppliers 3,600 ½
Entertaining employees 0 ½
Gifts to customers – pens 0 ½
Gifts to customers – food hampers 1,650 ½
Capital allowances (working 2) (48,480) W2 ½
––––––––
Trading profit 248,340
––––––––
Tutorial notes:
(1) The only exception to the non-deductibility of entertainment expenditure is when it is in respect of
employees.
(2) Gifts to customers are an allowable deduction if they cost less than £50 per recipient per year, are not
of food, drink, tobacco or vouchers for exchangeable goods, and carry a conspicuous advertisement
for the company making the gift.
Working 2 – Capital allowances
Main Special Allowances
pool rate pool
£ £ £ £
WDV brought forward 12,400 13,600 1
Additions qualifying for AIA
Machinery 42,300
AIA – 100% (42,300) 0 42,300 1
–––––––
Other additions
Motor car [1] 13,800 ½
Motor car [2] 14,000 ½
Proceeds (9,300) ½
––––––– –––––––
26,200 18,300
WDA – 18% (4,716) 4,716 ½
WDA – 8% (1,464) 1,464 1
––––––– –––––––
WDV carried forward 21,484 16,836
––––––– ––––––– –––––––
Total allowances 48,480
––––––– –––
12
–––

28
 Marks
Tutorial notes:
(1) Motor car [1] has CO2 emissions between 76 and 130 grams per kilometre and therefore qualifies for
writing down allowances at the rate of 18%.
(2) Motor car [2] has CO2 emissions over 130 grams per kilometre and therefore qualifies for writing down
allowances at the rate of 8%. The private use of the motor car is irrelevant, since such usage will be
assessed on the employee as a benefit.

(b) (1) If Naive Ltd has straightforward accounts, it could use the software provided by HM Revenue and
Customs. This automatically produces accounts and tax computations in the iXBRL format. 1
(2) Alternatively, other software which automatically produces iXBRL accounts and computations could be
used. 1
(3) A tagging service could be used to apply the appropriate tags to the accounts and tax computations, or
Naive Ltd could use software to tag documents itself. 1
–––
3
–––
15
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29
Additional marking guide for section C Marks available Marks awarded

31 Sarah

(a) Sarah’s income tax payable 3

National insurance contributions 2
Corporation tax liability 2
Total tax and NIC cost ½
Saving ½
–––
8
–––

(b) Tax advice 2

–––
Total marks 10
–––

32 Simon

(a) Calculate Simon’s taxable income

Employment income 5
Trading profit 5
Property income 2½
Personal allowance ½
–––
13
–––

(b) Advantages of accounting date

Two advantages 2
–––
2
–––
Total marks 15
–––

33 Naive Ltd

(a) Corporation tax computation

Trading profit 5
Capital allowances 5
Loan interest 1
Qualifying charitable donations ½
Corporation tax ½
–––
12
–––

(b) iXBRL
HMRC software 1
Other software 1
Tagging service 1
–––
3
–––
Total marks 15
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30