Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 325

Approaches and Methods of

Language Teaching
Subject Code: 241119

C•Prr \jq IJoJPhr k´TJKvf

KjoúKuKUf hMAKa mA ßhUMj
Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching by
Sanjoy Banerjee
FmÄ
Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching by
Zakia Sultana

1. Theory of Language
Brief Questions:
a) What is ‘Applied Linguistics’? [NU. 2018, 2015]
Ans. Applied linguistics is a branch of language study concerned
with the scientific study of second and foreign language teaching
and learning.
b) Define language from the structural point of view. [NU. 2017,
2015]

Ans. From the structural point of view, language refers to the use
of linguistic or grammatical aspects of a language, such as voice
sounds, words, and sentences.

l) Name two famous Linguists.

326 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

Short Questions:
1. Is Language ‘a system made up of many subsystems’? [See A
Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-18]

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss the structural, functional and interactional views of
language. [NU. 2015, DU. 2018] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-15/ Zakia Sultana; Page-19]

2. Theory of Language Learning:

Theories of First Language Acquisition
Brief Questions:
a) What is LAD? [NU. 2017, 2015, 2012, DU. 2017]
Or,
What do you mean by LAD? [DU. 2018]
Ans. LAD stands for Language Acquisition Device (concerning
a part, or parts, of the brain which specialize in the acquisition of
language). It is specifically related to the ability of children to
learn languages.
b) What is ‘schema’? [NU. 2017, 2015]
Ans. Schema is our background knowledge that helps us
understand and interpret information, feelings, and emotions.
c) What is ‘critical period’ in learning language by children?
[2017, 2015, DU. 2017]
Or,
What is critical period hypothesis? [DU. 2018]
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 327

Ans. “Critical period” is a first Language Acquisition theory

which states that children can learn a language first few years of
their life very easily, but after puberty, language acquisition rates
start dropping and people have hard times to learn a language
after 19.
d) Who proposed the theory of innatism? [DU. 2018]
Ans. Professor Noam Chomsky proposed the theory of innatism.
He argues that children are biologically programmed to learn a
language.
Short Questions:
1. What is “critical period”? How is critical period related to ‘brain
lateralization’ or ‘functional specialization’? [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-22]

2. Write a short note on Critical Period Hypothesis or Maturation

Theory. [See Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching by Binoy
Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page-30]

Broad Questions:
1. Evaluate the main principles of the behaviourist theory of
language acquisition or learning. [NU. 2017, 2015] [See A Study
Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-23]

3. Discuss the Cognitive Theory of Language Learning. How

convincing do you find the Cognitive Theory in Language
Acquisition? [NU. 2006] [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-39]
3. What are the main differences between behaviouristic and
cognitive theories of Language Learning? [NU. 2007, 2005]
4. Briefly discuss innatism. [NU. 2014] [See A Study Guide by Zakia
Sultana; Page-37]
5. Make a comparative study of the Behaviourist Theory and the
Mentalist Theory of L1 Acquisition. [NU. 2013, DU. 2018] [See A
Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-24]

10. Evaluate the Nativist Theory of Noam Chomsky for language

acquisition.
328 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

3. Theory of Language Learning:

Theories of Second Language Development
Brief Questions:
a) What is ESL? [NU. 2018]
Ans. ESL stands for English as a second language.
b) What is i+1?
Ans. “i+1” means language materials or input for learners that
are one level beyond their current linguistic competence.
c) What is an affective filter?

Ans. Affective filter is a kind of mental block that may decrease

the acquisition rate of learners.

d) What is SLA? [NU. 2017, 2016, 2012]

Ans. SLA stands for Second Language Acquisition.
e) What is ‘interlanguage’? [NU.2015, 2014, DU. 2017]

Ans. Interlanguage is a linguistic system that a second language

learner makes with a combination of his/her first language and
the target language rules or by overgeneralizing some rules of the
target language.

f) What is ‘scaffolding’? [NU. 2017, 2015]

Ans. Scaffolding refers to the assistance from an expert to help
learners reach next level.
g) What is ZPD? [NU. 2016, 2015, 2013]
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 329

Ans. ZPD or Zone of Proximal Development is the gap between

what a learner can learn by themselves and what he/she can learn
with the help of teachers.

h) What is acculturation? [DU. 2018]

Ans. Acculturation refers to adopting the cultural habits of the

target language speakers, such as food and clothing to attain the
optimal success in the target language (Schumann, 1978).

i) What is meant by ‘Target Language’? [NU. 2012]

Ans. The language a learner wants to learn as an additional

language is called a target language.

j) What is ‘Affective-Filter Hypothesis’? [NU. 2012, DU. 2018]

Ans. The affective filter hypothesis states that learners must be
relaxed and open to learning in order for language to be acquired.
k) What is Nativism? [NU. 2016]
Ans. The nativist/ Innatist theory of language acquisition states
that language is innate and ‘native’ to humans from birth. This is
advocated by Noman Chomsky.
Short Questions:
1. Stephen Krashen. [NU. 2006]
330 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

2. The Monitor. [NU. 2007, 2005] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-35]

3. Distinguish between Acquisition and Learning. [NU. 2018, 2017,

2015, 2014, 2012, 2006, DU. 2017] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-33/ Zakia Sultana; Page-53]

4. What is monitor? What is its role in Second Language

Acquisition (SLA)? [DU. 2017] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-35]

5. Discuss Vygotsky’s notion of the Zone of Proximal Development

(ZPD)? [DU. 2018] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-38]
Broad Questions:
1. Discuss and evaluate the five hypotheses of Krashen’s Monitor
Model. Do you agree with Mclaughlin that Krashen’s Theory is
seriously flawed in many respects? [NU. 2014, 2005]
Or,
Discuss and evaluate the five hypotheses of Krashen’s Monitor
Model theory. [DU. 2018] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-39]

2. What are the social and psychological factors that play in

Acculturation Model of second language development? [NU.
2015, DU. 2017] [See Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching by
Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page-39]

4. History of Language Teaching Methodology

Brief Questions:
a) What is pedagogy? [NU. 2017, 2015]
Ans. Pedagogy is the method and practice of teaching, especially
as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
b) What is meant by ‘ELT Methodology’? [NU. 2018]
Ans. ELT Methodology is a system of practices and procedures
that a teacher uses to teach the English Language. It will be
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 331

based on beliefs about the nature of language, and how it is learnt

(known as 'Approach').
c) What is the oldest ‘Language Teaching Method’? [NU. 2018]
Ans. The oldest “Language teaching method” is called Grammar
Translation Method.
Short Questions:
1. Why should a teacher know the theories of language teaching
methods? [NU. 2018]
Broad Questions:
1. Give a historical overview of Language Teaching Methodology.
[NU. 2014] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-49]

5. Methodology: Approach, Design and Procedure

Brief Questions:
a) What is ‘approach’ in language teaching? [NU. 2017]
Ans. According to Anthony (1963:63-7): “An Approach is a set
of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language
teaching and learning.”
b) What is ‘method’? [NU. 2012]
Ans. A method is the reflection of a chosen approach to teaching
and learning.
c) What is ‘technique’?
Ans. Techniques are real life classroom practices to demonstrate
a method followed by an approach.
Short Questions:
1. What are teachers’ and learners’ roles? [ See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-53]

2. What is a language syllabus? Discuss different types of language

syllabuses. [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-53]
3. Distinguish between ‘method’ and ‘techniques’. [See A Study Guide
332 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-55]

4. Distinguish between ‘approach’ and ‘method’.

Broad Questions:
1. Analyse Anthony’s model of ‘approach’, ‘design’ and ‘procedure’.
Discuss Richards and Rodger’s revised framework of language
teaching method. [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-52]

6. Grammar Translation Method

Brief Questions:
a) What is GTM? [NU. 2014]

Ans. GTM is a teaching method where teachers teach

grammatical rules to students, and students memorize rules to
translate sentences and passages from mother tongue into the
target language and vice versa.

b) What areas of languages are emphasized in Grammar

Translation Method? [2012, DU. 2017]

Ans. Reading and writing skills are emphasized in Grammar-

Translation Method.

c) Which method is known as the ‘classical method’? [NU. 2016]

Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 333

Ans. Grammar-Translation Method is known as the classical

method.

d) What is the medium of instruction in the GTM? [NU. 2018]

Ans. The first language of the learners is the medium of

instruction in the GTM.

e) What is the aim of GTM?

Ans. The main goal of GTM is to gain knowledge of a particular
language so that learners can read literature in that language. It is
also expected that students will be good at translating from the
target language into their mother tongue and vice versa.
Short Questions:
1. Grammar-Translation Method. [NU. 2005] [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-61]
2. What are the goals of the Grammar Translation Method? [NU.
2015] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-60]
3. In which situation would the use of the GTM yield success? [NU.
2013] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-61]
Broad Questions:
1. Evaluate the Grammar Translation Method focusing on its main
characteristics, strengths and weaknesses. [NU. 2016, 2014, 2007,
2005, DU. 2017] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-63]
2. What are the main techniques associated with the GTM? [NU.
2015] [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-107]

7. Language Teaching Innovations in the

334 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

Nineteenth Century and the Reform Movement

Brief Questions:
a) What was the main criticism of the GTM?

Ans. The main criticism of GTM is that it does not promote

communicative language skills.

Broad Questions:
1. Evaluate the role of the Reform Movement in the history of
English Language Teaching focusing on the principles of the
Reform Movement. [NU. 2016, 2013, 2018] [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-67]

8. The Direct Method

Brief Questions:
a) Define ‘Direct Method’. [NU. 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012]
Or,
What is the Direct Method? [DU. 2017]
Ans. Direct Method is a language teaching approach in which
students are taught the target language without translation into
the native language.
Short Questions:
1. Direct Method. (2006) [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-117]
2. What are the goals of the direct Method? [NU. 2017, 2012] [See A
Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-71]
3. What is the teachers’ role in the Direct Method? [NU. 2012, DU.
2018] [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-115]
Broad Questions:
1. What are the key features and techniques of the Direct Method?
What are its advantages and limitations? [NU. 2014, 2005] [See A
Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-70 & 71]
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 335

2. What is the Direct Method? Compare and contrast the GTM and
the Direct Method. [NU. 2015] [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana;
Page-107/Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-72]

9. The Audiolingual Method

Brief Questions:
a) What does Audio-Lingual Method mean? [NU. 2014]
Ans. The Audio-lingual Method is a method for foreign language
teaching which emphasized the teaching of listening and
speaking before reading and writing.
b) What does the ‘Army Method’ refer to? [NU. 2016, 2013]
Ans. The Army Method refers to the drilling and intensive
practice of structures of the target language.
c) What are audio-lingual drills? [NU. 2018]
Ans. Audio-lingual drills mean practising some target language
structures over and over to be trained or conditioned to use them
in real life situations.
Short Questions:
1. What are the fundamental differences between the Audio-Lingual
Method and the ‘Direct Method’ ? [NU. 2018, 2016, 2013, DU.
2018] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-78]
2. Mention the salient/common teaching techniques used in the
Audio-Lingual Method. ? [NU. 2017, 2016, 2015, 2013]
Or,
What are the common techniques used in the Audio-Lingual
Method of teaching Language [DU. 2017] [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-78]

3. Mention the role of the teachers and the students in the Audio-
Lingual Method. [NU. 2014, 2012, DU. 2018]
Or,
What is the role of the teacher in the Audio-Lingual Method?
[DU. 2017] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-76]
4. What are the goals and the principles of the Audio-Lingual
336 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

Method? [NU. 2015] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-80]

Broad Questions:
1. What are the goals and principles of the Audio-Lingual Method?
Discuss its advantages and disadvantages. [NU. 2016, 2014, 2012,
2007, DU. 2018] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-80]

10. Situational Language Teaching

Brief Questions:
a) What is PPP? [NU. 2017, 2012]

Ans. PPP refers to a language teaching approach that emphasizes

Presentation-Practice-Production.

b) What is an ‘Oral Approach’? [NU. 2018]

Ans. An oral approach relied heavily on oral drills and
substitution practice in order to form these speaking habits
among language students.
Broad Questions:
1. What is Situational Language Teaching (SLT)? Discuss the
approach, design and procedures of Situational Language
Teaching [NU. 2018, 2015, 2013, 2007, DU. 2017] [See A Study Guide
by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-87]

11. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

Brief Questions:
a) What is CLT? [NU. 2018, 2012]
Ans. Communicative language teaching is a language teaching
approach that focuses on the communicative competence in a
language.
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 337

b) What is an interactive view of language?

Ans. An interactive view of language emphasizes learning a

language through interaction.

c) What are authentic materials? [DU. 2017]

Ans. Authentic materials are teaching materials that were

originally designed for native speakers for the purpose of real-
life communication.

d) When was CLT introduced in Bangladesh?

Ans. The National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) of
Bangladesh introduced CLT in 1990s .
Short Questions:
1. What are the main techniques of CLT? [NU. 2015, 2012, DU.
2017] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-92]
2. What is the role of a teacher in CLT? [NU. 2018, 2015, 2013] [See A
Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-154]

3. What are the difficulties in implementing CLT in the classroom?

(2014) [See Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching by Binoy
Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 100]

4. Define ‘communicative competence’. [NU. 2016, DU. 2017] [See A

Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-153]

5. What are the principles of CLT? [NU. 2016] [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-92]

6. What are the basic differences between CLT and GTM? [NU. 2017,
2014, 2012]
338 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

7. What according to Halliday (1975) are the functions of language?

[See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-91]

6. What are the basic differences between communicative Language

Teaching and Grammar Translation Method?

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss the main principles of the Communicative Language
Teaching. Why is CLT considered an approach rather than a
method? [NU. 2018, 2016, 2012] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-92 & 95/ Zakia Sultana; Page-164]
2. Discuss the chief characteristics of Communicative Language
Teaching. [NU. 2007, 2005] [See Approaches and Methods of Language
Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 91]
3. What are the roles played by the learners and the teachers in CLT?
[NU. 2012, 2006] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-98]
4. Elucidate the limitations/ challenges of implementing CLT for
language teaching in Bangladesh. [NU. 2017, 2015, 2013, DU.
2017]
Or,
Elucidate the limitation of using CLT for language teaching in
Bangladesh. Suggest three solutions. [DU. 2018] [See A Study Guide
by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-109]
5. Compare Audio-Lingual Method with Communicative Language
Teaching. (2006) [See Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching
by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 95]

12. Desuggestopedia
Brief Questions:
a) Define Desuggestopedia. [NU. 2016, 2014]
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 339

Ans. Desuggestopedia is a teaching method that aims at

eliminating negative feelings for the maximum language learning
outcome.

Broad Questions
1. What is meant by ‘Desuggestopedia’? Identify the objectives, main
principles and key features of ‘Desuggestopedia’ and evaluate
their relevance to the main stream Bangladeshi classrooms.
[2015, 2013, DU. 2017] [See Approaches and Methods of Language
Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 107]

13. Total Physical Response

Brief Questions:
a) What is TPR? [NU. 2015]
Ans. “Total Physical Response” means students’ physical
response to commands in the target language.
b) What is the goal of TPR? [NU. 2016]
Ans. To provide an enjoyable learning experience, having a
minimum of the stress that typically accompanies learning a
foreign language.
Broad Questions:
1. State the theoretical foundation (main principles) of Total
Physical Response? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
[NU. 2016, 2006] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-117 &
119]

14. The Natural Approach

Brief Questions:
a) What is the Natural Approach? [NU. 2014]
Ans. “The Natural Approach” means a process of language
340 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

teaching which focuses on language comprehension through

natural ways.
b) Who wrote the book entitled “The Natural Approach”? [NU.
2012]
Ans. Stephen Krashen wrote the book “The Natural Approach”.
c) What do you mean by acquisition-learning hypothesis? [DU.
2017]
Ans. According to Krashen, language acquisition means developing
language skills subconsciously, whereas “Learning” means consciously
learning a language by learning the rules of the target language.

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss the main concerns and the procedures of the Natural
Approach in Teaching four skills. What are the four basic stages of
SLA mentioned in the Natural Approach? [NU. 2017, 2015, 2012, 2007,
DU. 2017]
Or,
Discuss the procedures of the Natural Approach in teaching the
four skills. What are the four basic stages of SLA mentioned in the
Natural Approach? [DU. 2017, 2018] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-128]

2. What are the strengths and limitations of “The Natural

Approach”? [NU. 2018] [See Approaches and Methods of Language
Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 116]

15. Task-based Language Teaching

Brief Questions:
a) What is a task?
Ans. A task is a classroom activity through which learners
understand and produce the target language while performing a
set of steps.
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 341

b) What is TBLT? [NU. 2014]

Ans. TBLT (Task Based Language Teaching) is a classroom
activity that focuses on meaning through which learners
understand and produce the target language while performing a
set of steps.
c) How many phases are there in TBLT? [NU. 2015, 2012]
Or,
How many phases are there in Task-based Language
Teaching (TBLT)? What are they? [DU. 2017]
Ans. There are three phases in TBLT.
Short Questions:
1. Write about the principles of Task-based Language Teaching. [NU.
2018, 2015, 2012] [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-253]

Broad Questions:
1. What is Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)? Discuss the
theoretical principles, chief features and stages of TBLT. [NU.
2018, 2015, 2013, 2006, DU. 2018] [See Approaches and Methods of
Language Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 124]

2. What is Task-based Language Teaching? Discuss the types of

tasks with special reference to Focused Tasks. [NU. 2017] [See
Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal
Basu; Page- 122]

16. Content- Based Instruction (CBI)

Or
Content Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)
Brief Questions:
a) What is content?
342 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

Ans. Content means the ideas that are expressed through writing.

b) What does CLIL refer to? [NU. 2013]

Ans. CLIL refers to learning a language through cross-curricular
contents such as science, history, etc.
Broad Questions:
11. Discuss the main techniques or classroom activities in the
“Content Language”?
17. Post Method Pedagogy
Brief Questions:
a) What is learner autonomy? [DU. 2018]
Ans. Learner autonomy refers to an approach to learning
that a teacher employs to make learners develop skills
by themselves.
b) What is post-method pedagogy? [DU. 2018]
Ans. “Post-method pedagogy” refers to current language
teaching practices that focus on the practical context of
teaching and avoid a single method in the classroom.

Short Questions:
1. What is ‘learner autonomy’? How can a teacher promote learner
autonomy? [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-174]
2. What is meant by ‘Post Method Pedagogy’? [NU. 2016, 2013,
2012] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-175]
Broad Questions:
1. What is “post-method pedagogy”? discuss the strategic
framework proposed by B. Kumaravadivelu? [NU. 2017, 2013,
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 343

DU. 2017] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-180]

2. What Kumaravadivelu’s concept of the Post Method Pedagogy
is? Do you think the Post Method pedagogy is required to deal
with contemporary challenges of English Language Teaching in
EFL? [NU. 2016] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-181]

18. Appropriate Methodology

(Context and Culture in Language Education)
Brief Questions:
a) What are BANA and TESEP? [NU. 2016]

Ans. The approaches to language teaching and learning used in

Britain, Australia and North America (Kachru’s inner circle) are
called BANA.
The teaching approaches followed in the rest of the world are
called TESEP.

b) Define Appropriate Methodology.

Ans. Appropriate methodology, according to Holliday, means the

teaching approaches that value learners’ background knowledge
and needs at specific contexts.

c) What does “tissues rejection refer to” [DU. 2018]

Ans. According to Holliday (1994), when any new ELT
pedagogy, methodology, courses or materials fail to fit in a teaching
context, it is called tissue rejection.
Short Questions:
344 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

1. What is a ‘contextual approach to teaching’? How does it affect

pedagogy? [2018, 2015, 2013, 2012, DU. 2017] [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-190]

2. What is meant by ‘tissue rejection’ in language teaching

methodology? [NU. 2016, 2015, 2014] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-188]

Broad Questions:
1. What is a context-sensitive pedagogy? How would you design an
appropriate pedagogy for your class? [NU. 2013] [See A Study Guide
by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-193]
2. Why do western methods often fail in EFL/ESL context? How can
we design appropriate methodology in our context? [ See A Study
Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-193]

19. Learner Centred Approach to Language Teaching

Broad Questions:
1. Explain Learner Centred Approach of Language Teaching. [NU.
2014]

20. Community Language Learning

Short Questions:
1. Community Language Learning. [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-382]

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss Community Language Learning with reference to
approach, design and procedure. [NU. 2005]

21. Eclectic Approach

Short Questions:
1. Eclectic Approach [NU. 2007, 2005]

22. Group Work Vs. Whole-Class Activities

Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 345

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss the importance of ‘pair work’ and ‘group work’ in a
language classroom. [NU. 2018] [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana;
Page-332]

23. Teachers’ Roles

Broad Questions:
1. What are the roles of a teacher in a language teaching class-room?
[NU. 2018, 2015] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-198]

24. Students’ Roles

Short Questions:
1. What are the characteristics of a good language learner? [NU. 2015]
[See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-222]

Broad Questions:
1. State the role of students in different methods. [NU. 2015] [See A
Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-420]

25. Role of Literature in English Language Teaching

Brief Questions:
a) What are graded readers?
Ans. Books with different literary texts or genres that are
developed for foreign language learners to improve their reading
skills are called graded readers.
Short Questions:
1. What are challenges of using literature in ESL Classroom? [NU.
2014] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-233]
2. Mention some advantages of literature as a tool for language
teaching. [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-231]
3. Make a list of criteria for selecting appropriate literary texts to be
used in the EFL classroom. [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-230]
346 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

Broad Questions:
1. What are the merits and demerits of using literature in ELT
classroom? [NU. 2017] [See Approaches and Methods of Language
Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 245]

26. Global Spread of English, Linguistic Imperialism

and the Politics of English Language Teaching
Brief Questions:
a) What is ‘linguistic imperialism’? [NU. 2015, 2014, 2013]

Ans. When a language is imposed on the speakers of other

languages, it is called linguistic imperialism.

b) Define ‘linguicism’. [NU. 2015]

Ans. Linguicism means creating inequalities and discrimination

among groups of people through a language.

c) What is language shift? [NU. 2015]

Ans. A speech community may have two languages, and when it

stops using one of these and shifts to the other, it is called
language shift.

d) What is ‘lingua franca’? [NU. 2017, 2015]

Ans. Lingua Franca is a language that is adopted as a common
language between speakers whose native language are different.
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 347

Short Questions:
1. Do you think English is a threat to other languages? [NU. 2016]
[See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-241]

Broad Questions:
1. Define Linguistic Imperialism. Discuss the role of English
Language Teaching in Linguistic Imperialism. [NU. 2016, 2014,
2012] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-239 & 247]

27. Teaching Reading

Brief Questions:
a) What is ‘intensive reading’? [NU. 2018]

Ans. Intensive reading refers to reading with close attention to

specific features of a text.

b) What is ‘scanning’? [NU. 2017, 2015, 2012]

Ans. Scanning refers to reading a text quickly to find out a
specific piece of information.
c) What does ‘skimming’ mean? [NU. 2017, 2015, 2014]
Or,
What is skimming? [DU. 2017]
Ans. Skimming is reading quickly to get the general meaning or
the main idea of a text.
d) What are the different types of reading?
Ans. First, reading can be divided into two major categories: oral
reading and silent reading. Silent reading can be divided into
intensive or extensive reading. Again, extensive reading can be
divided into two categories. They are skimming and scanning.
e) What are the different stages of reading?
348 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

Or,
What are the three stages of reading? [DU. 2018]
Ans. There are five stage of reading. They are: word attack skills,
comprehension, evaluation, application and retention, and
fluency.
f) What are the authentic materials for reading?

Ans. Authentic materials are teaching materials that were

originally designed for native speakers for the purpose of real-
life communication.

Short Questions:
1. Distinguish between ‘intensive’ and ‘extensive’ reading./ What is
Intensive Reading? How does it differ from Extensive Reading?
[2016, 2015, 2013, DU. 2017] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-256]

2. Distinguish between ‘scanning’ and ‘skimming’. [See A Study Guide

by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-257]

3. Distinguish between ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down-reading’ reading.

[DU. 2018] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-257]
4. Distinguish between ‘free’ and ‘guided’ reading. [See A Study Guide
by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-258]

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss the features of developing reading activities. [NU. 2014]
[See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-271]

2. What are the different strategies of reading? [See A Study Guide by

Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-269]

28. Teaching Writing

Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 349

Brief Questions:
a) What is coherence? (2014)
Ans. Coherence means the internal connection between ideas in a
writintg.
Short Questions:
1. What are the Macro and Micro writing skills? [NU. 2014] [See A
Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-505]

Broad Questions:
1. What are the ways of improving writing skills? [NU. 2017] [See A
Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-290/ Zakia Sultana; Page-530]

2. Discuss design principles of writing tasks. [See A Study Guide by

Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-295]

29. Teaching Speaking

Brief Questions:
a) What is role play? [NU. 2018]

Ans. Role-play is an activity when students play the roles of

some other characters of real life.

b) What is metalanguage?
Ans. Metalanguage is a language that is used to refer to different
types of words of a language.
c) Give an example of minimal response.

Ans. People give minimal response, such as, “huh”, “umm”, and
350 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

so forth when they are not able to make complete sentences in a

conversation (Fishman, 1980).

Short Questions:
1. What is the basic difference between speaking in L1 and L2? [See
A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-304]

2. What difficulties are involved in speaking? [See A Study Guide by

Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-304]

3. What are the goals of speaking? [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-305/ Zakia Sultana; Page-587]

4. What are the techniques of teaching speaking? [See A Study Guide

by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-305/ Zakia Sultana; Page-587]

5. What are the strategies for developing speaking skills? [DU. 2017]
[See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-305]

Broad Questions:
1. Narrate various kinds of speaking practice activities. [See A Study
Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-312]

30. Teaching Listening

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss the principles of developing listening activities. [See A
Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-339]

2. Discuss the strategies for developing listening skill. [See A Study

Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-333/ Zakia Sultana; Page-568]

Short Questions:
1. What are the basic levels of listening? [NU. 2015] [See A Study
Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-321]
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 351

2. What are the main listening materials? [NU. 2014] [See A Study
Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-322]

31. Teaching Grammar

Brief Questions:
a) What is inductive teaching of grammar?
Ans. An inductive approach involves the learners detecting, or
noticing, patterns and working out a 'rule' for themselves before
they practise the language
b) What is deductive teaching of grammar? [2012, DU. 2017]
Ans. An inductive approach involves the learners detecting, or
noticing, patterns and working out a 'rule' for themselves before
they practise the language.
Short Questions:
1. What is grammar? [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-342]
Broad Questions:
1. What are the different ways of teaching grammar? Discuss. (2015)
[See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-349]

32. Teaching Vocabulary

Brief Questions:
a) What is morphological cluster?

Ans. Grouping words into categories based on their connection

to each other is called morphological cluster.

b) Distinguish between prefix, suffix and root.

352 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

Ans. Prefixes are added before the root word to make new
words; suffixes are added at the end of the root word; and, any
word without a prefix or a suffix is called a root word.

c) What is the difference between synonym and antonym?

Ans. Synonyms express similar concepts or meanings while

antonyms are opposite words.

d) What is ‘realia’? [2015, DU. 2017]

Ans. Realia is a real objective that is used to teach vocabulary.
Short Questions:
1. What are the purposes of teaching Vocabulary? [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-358]

2. How can synonyms and antonyms be used in teaching

vocabulary? [NU. 2015] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-
363]

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss the major strategies and techniques of developing
Vocabulary. [NU. 2017, 2015, 2013] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-371]

33. Teaching Pronunciation

Brief Questions:
a) What is IPA? [NU.2015]
Ans. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic
system of phonetic notation devised by the International Phonetic
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 353

Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of oral

language.
Short Questions:
1. Difficulties in learning pronunciation. [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-383]
2. How can synonyms and antonyms be used in teaching
vocabulary? [NU. 2015] [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-
363]

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss different ways of teaching pronunciation. [See A Study
Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-386/ Zakia Sultana; Page-677]

34. Teaching in a Large Class

Brief Questions:
a) What is a ‘Large class’? [NU. 2018]
Ans. A large class is classroom where more than 25 students
register for language lessons.
Short Questions:
1. What are the main problems in teaching language in a large
class? [NU. 2018] [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-344]
2. Mention a few suggestions for teaching a large class. [ See A Study
Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-160]

35. Teaching Materials and Teaching Aids

Brief Questions:
What is teacher’s role in ICT?

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss the importance of using teaching aids in a language
learning class-room. [NU. 2018]
36. ELT in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects
354 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

Broad Questions:
1. Identify the problems of teaching English as a ‘second language’
in Bangladesh. [NU. 2018]

37. Reflective Teaching

Brief Questions:
a) What is reflective teaching? [DU. 2018]
Ans. “Reflective Teaching” means looking back at the
techniques and materials used in the class.

Previous Questions : 2013—2018

391 I-3-318/2013
ENGLISH
[According to the New Syllabus]
Subject Code : 1180
(Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching)
Time—4 hours Full marks—80

[N.D.—The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.]

Part-A (Quiz Questions)

1. Answer any ten questions in complete sentence :—
(a) What is method?
(b) What areas of language are emphasized in Grammar-
Translation Method?
(c) What is meant by a target language?
(d) What is SLA?
(e) What is Affective-Filter Hypothesis?
(f) What do you mean by LAD?
(g) What does Communicative Language Teaching mean?
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 355

(h)What is PPP?
(i)What is deductive teaching of grammar?
(j)How many phases are there in TBLT?
(k)What is scanning?
(l)Who wrote the book entitled ‘The Natural Approach’?
Part-B
Answer any five questions :— 45=20
2. What are the principles of the Task-based Language Teaching?
3. What are the main techniques of CLT?
4. Mention the roles of the teachers and the students in The Audio-
Lingual Method.
5. What are the goals of The Direct method?
6. What is teacher’s role in Direct Method?
7. Distinguish between ‘Acquisition’ ‘Learning’.
8. What is a contextual approach? How does it affect pedagogy?
9. What are the basic differences between CLT and GTM?

Part-C
Answer any five questions:— 105=50
10. Evaluate the Grammar-Translation method focusing on its main
characteristics, strengths and weaknesses.
11. Evaluate the five hypotheses of Krashen’s Monitor Model.
12. What are the goals and the principles of the Audio-Lingual
Method? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
13. Discuss the main principles of The Communicative Language
Teaching. Why is CLT considered an approach rather than a method?
14. Discuss the procedures of the Natural Approach in teaching four
skills. What are the four basic stages of SLA mentioned in the
Natural Approach?
15. What are the roles played by the learners and the teachers in CLT?
16. Define Linguistic Imperialism. Discuss the role of English
356 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

Language Teaching in Linguistic Imperialism.

17. What Kumaravadivelu’s concept of the post Method Pedagogy? Do
you think the post method pedagogy is required to deal with the
contemporary challenges of English Language Teaching in EFL?

466 I-3-318/2014
ENGLISH
Subject Code : 1180
(Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching)
Time—4 hours Full marks- 80
Part A
(Answer any ten of the following questions in complete sentence)
1. (a) What is schema? Marks—110=10
(b) Define ZPD.
(c) What is an interactive view of language?
(d) What does “The Army Method” refer to?
(e) What is acquisition learning hypothesis?
(f) What is the basic rule of the direct method?
(g) What is Pantomime?
(h) What is role play?
(i) What is meant by “linguistic imperialism”?
(j) What is “critical period”?
(k) What do you understand by “Content Language Integrated
Learning”?
(l) In which method pronunciation gets little or no attention?

Part-B
(Answer any five of the following questions)
Marks—45=20
2. Distinguish between “intensive” and “extensive” reading.
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 357

3. Mention the salient teaching techniques used in the Audio-

Lingual Method.
4. What is meant by “tissue rejection” in language teaching
methodology?
5. In which situation would the use of the GTM yield success?
6. What are the goals of the Grammar Translation Method?
7. What are the roles played by the teacher in the Communicative
Approach?
8. Write a short note on the techniques and strategies of developing
vocabulary.
9. What are the fundamental differences between the Audio-Lingual
Method and the Direct Method?

Part-C
(Answer any five of the following questions)
Marks— 105=50
10. Make a comparative study of the Behaviourist theory and the
Mentalist theory of L1 acquisition.
11. Evaluate the role of the Reform Movement in the history of
English Language Teaching focusing on the principles of the
Reform Movement.
12. Elucidate the limitations of using CLT for language teaching in
Bangladesh. Suggest some solutions.
13. What is “post-method pedagogy”? Discuss the strategic
framework proposed by B. Kumaravadivelu.
14. What is meant by “Desuggestopedia”? Identify the main
principles of “Desuggestopedia” and evaluate their relevance to
the mainstream Bangladeshi classrooms.
15. What is Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)? Discuss the
theoretical principles and stages of TBLT.
16. What is a Context-Sensitive Pedagogy? How would you design
an appropriate pedagogy for your class?
358 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

17. What is Situational Language Teaching (SLT)? Discuss the

approach, design and procedure of situational language teaching.
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 359

98 4∏I∏16/2015
ENGLISH
Subject Code : 1191
(Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching)
Time – 4 Hours
Full Marks – 80

Part A
(Answer any ten questions)
Marks – 110=10
1. a) What is interlanguage?
b) Define language from the structural point of view.
c) What is linguistic imperialism?
d) What is ‘critical period’ in learning language by children?
e) How many phrases are there in TBLT?
f) What is Schema?
g) Explain ‘Language Acquisition Device’ (LAD).
h) What do you mean by ‘lingua franca’?
i) What is skimming and scanning?
j) Explain language shift.
k) Define applied linguistics.
l) What is pedagogy?

Part B
(Answer any ten questions)
Marks – 45=20
2. What are the common techniques used in the Audio-Lingual
Method of teaching language?
360 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

3. Distinguish between approach and method.

4. Discuss the goals of Grammar Translation Method.
5. How can synonyms and antonyms be used in teaching
vocabulary?
6. What are the principles of Task-based Language Teaching?
7. Discuss the salient techniques of CLT.
8. Distinguish between ‘acquisition’ and ‘learning’.
9. What is contextual approach? How does it affect pedagogy?

Part C
(Answer any ten questions)
Marks – 105=50
10. Make a note on the main principles of Behaviourism Theory of
Language Acquisition.
11. Discuss the roles of teachers in language classroom.
12. What are the social and psychological factors that play in
Acculturation Model of second language development?
13. Elucidate the objectives and key features of Desuggestopedia.
14. What is direct method? How is it different from Grammar
Translation Method?
15. Write down the main concerns of Natural Approach Theory in
teaching language.
16. What is Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)? Discuss the
types of tasks with special reference to Focused Tasks.
17. Identify and discuss the challenges is implementing CLT in
Bangladesh.
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 361

15 4-I-016/2016
English
Subject Code: 1191
[Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching]
Time : 4 hours Full Marks : 80
Part-A
1. Answer any ten questions: 110=10
a) What is an interactive view of Language?
b) What is ZPD?
c) What is TESOL?
d) What is the goal of Total Physical Response Method (TPR)?
e) What is Nativism?
f) Which Method is known as classical method?
g) What is Direct Method?
h) What does “Army method” refer to?
i) What is SLA?
j) What is linguistic competence?
k) What is Desuggestopedia?
l) What is affective filter hypothesis?

Part-B
Answer any five questions: 45=20
2. What is communicative competence?
3. Distinguish between “intensive” and “extensive” reading.
4. Mention the salient teaching techniques used in the Audio-
Lingual Method.
5. What is meant by “tissue rejection” in language teaching
methodology?
362 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

6. What are the principles CLT?

7. What is Post-method Pedagogy?
8. What are the fundamental differences between the Audio-Lingual
Method and the Direct Method?
9. Do you think English is a threat to other languages?

Part-C
Answer any five questions: 105=50
10. Evaluate the Grammar-Translation method focusing on its main
characteristics, strengths and weaknesses.
11. Discuss the five Hypothesis of Krashen’s Monitor Model.
12. What are the goals and principles of the Audio-Lingual Method?
Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
13. Discuss the main principles of The Communicative Language
Teaching. Why is CLT considered an approach rather than a
method?
14. State the main principles of the Total Physical Response Method
(TPR).
15. Evaluate the role of the Reform Movement in the history of
English Language Teaching focusing on the principles of the
Reform Movement.
16. Define Linguistic Imperialism. Discuss the role of English
Language Teaching in Linguistic Imperialism.
17. What is Kumaravdivelu’s concept of the Post Method Pedagogy?
Do you think the post-method pedagogy is required to deal with the
contemporary challenges of English Language Teaching in EFL?
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 363

173 4-I-018/2017
English
[According to the Syllabus of 2013-2014]
Subject Code : 241119
(Approaches and Methods of Language)
Time—4 hours
Full marks—80

Part A
(Answer any ten questions)
Marks—110=10
1. (a) What do you mean by ‘lingua franca’?
(b) What do you mean by skimming and scanning?
(c) What is pedagogy?
(d) What is Schema?
(e) When was CLT introduced in Bangladesh?
(f) What is ESP?
(g) What is approach in language teaching?
(h) What is SLA?
(i) What is ‘Scaffolding’?
(j) What is the aim of GTM?
(k) What is meant by LAD?
(l) What is PPP Approach?

Part B
(Answer any five questions)
Marks—45=20

2. Define language from the functional point of view.

3. Distinguish between ‘acquisition’ and ‘learning’.
364 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

4. What are the common techniques used in the Audio Lingual

Method of teaching language?
5. What are the basic differences between CLT and GTM?
6. What are the goals of Direct Method?
7. What is ‘Critical Period’?
8. Mention a few suggestions for teaching a large class.
9. What are the purposes of teaching vocabulary?

Part C
(Answer any five questions)
Marks—105=50
10. Identify and discuss the challenges in implementing CLT in
Bangladesh.
11. What are the merits and demerits of using literature in ELT
classroom?
12. Make a note on the main principles of Behaviourism theory in
Language Acquisition.
13. Discuss the procedures of the Natural Approach in teaching four
skills. What are the four basic stages of SLA mentioned in the
Natural Approach?
14. What is Task-based Language Teaching? Discuss the types of
tasks with special reference to Focused Tasks.
15. What is “post-method pedagogy”? Discuss the strategic frame
work proposed by Kumaravadivelu.
16. What are the ways of improving writing skill?
17. Discuss the major strategies and techniques of developing
vocabulary.
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 365

216 4-I-019/2018
ENGLISH
[According to the Syllabus of 2013-2014]
Subject Code: 241119
(Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching)
Time—4 hours
Full marks—80

Part A
(Answer any ten questions)
Marks—110=10
1. a) What is meant by ‘ELT Methodology’?
b) What is CLT?
c) What is ESL?
d) Define ‘Direct Method’.
e) What is the oldest ‘Language Teaching Method’?
f) What is a ‘Large class’?
g) What is the medium of instruction in the GTM?
h) What are audio-lingual drills?
i) What is an ‘Oral Approach’?
j) What is ‘Intensive reading’?
k) What is ‘Role play’?
l) What is ‘Applied Linguistics’?

Part B
(Answer any five questions)
Marks— 45=20
2. Define ‘contextual approach’.
3. What is the role of a teacher in CLT?
4. Why should a teacher know the theories of language teaching
methods?
366 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)

5. Distinguish between ‘Acquisition’ and ‘Learning’.

6. What are the techniques and strategies for developing
vocabulary?
7. What are the fundamental differences between the Audio-Lingual
Method and the ‘Direct Method’?
8. Write a bout the principles of Task-based Language Teaching.
9. What are the main problems in teaching language in a large
class?
Part C
(Answer any five questions)
Marks—105=50
10. Identify the problems of teaching English as a ‘second language’
in Bangladesh.
11. What is Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)? Discuss the
theoretical principles and stages of TBLT.
12. Discuss the importance of using teaching aids in a language
learning class-room.
13. What is ‘Situational Language Teaching’ (SLT)? Discuss the
approach, design and procedure of situational language teaching.
14. Discuss the main principles of the Communicative Language
Teaching. Why is CLT considered as an approach rather than a
method?
15. What are the strengths and limitations of “The Natural
Approach”?
16. What are the roles of a teacher in a language teaching class-
room?
17. Discuss the importance of ‘pair work’ and ‘group work’ in a
language classroom.

=0=
Approach and Methods of Language Teaching 367
368 SET Suggestion-2019 (4th Year)