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A Study of Robotic Process Automation Among Artificial Intelligence

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DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.9.02.2019.p8651

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2019 392
ISSN 2250-3153

A Study of Robotic Process Automation Among Artificial

Intelligence
K P Naveen Reddy1, Undavalli Harichandana2, T Alekhya 3, Rajesh S M 4

Dept. of computer science and engenering, GITAM school of technology, Banglore ,India

DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.9.02.2019.p8651
http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.02.2019.p8651

Abstract- Robotic process automation (or RPA) is associate and execute automations. Unremarkably all of those actions
rising type of business process automation technology supported happen in exceedingly virtual surroundings and not on screen;
the notion of software system robots or artificial intelligence (AI) the robot doesn't would like a physical screen to control, rather it
workers. In traditional workflow automation tools, a software interprets the screen show electronically. The measurability of
developer produces inventory actions to automatism a task and recent solutions supported architectures like these owes a lot of
interface to the back-end system exploitation internal application to the appearance of virtualization technology, while not that the
programming interfaces (APIs) or dedicated scripting language. measurability of enormous deployments would be restricted by
In distinction, RPA systems develop the action list by looking at obtainable capability to manage physical hardware and by the
the user perform that task within the application's graphical user associated prices.
interface (GUI), and then perform the automation by repetition To understand the idea of Robotic process Automation (RPA)
those tasks directly with in the GUI. This may lower the barrier little Illustration like, a team of eleven bank workers was allotted
to use of automation in products that may not otherwise feature to manually review on a day to day a pair of,500 high-risk client
arthropod genus for this purpose. accounts to work out whether or not or not payments ought to be
processed or came. It took up to eight hours for these eleven
Index Terms- Robots ,Automation theory, Robotic laws, workers to end the task. The work is currently performed by
,Artificial intelligence ,Sensors, Controllers ,Programming . twenty computer code robots, whereas the workers are freed to
try and do higher-value work.

I. INTRODUCTION
II. AI AND ROBOTICS
W hen individuals initially hear the term “Robotic Process
Automation” they could imagine shiny robots sailplaning
around workspace buildings. In reality, this can be simply
A manufacturing process is basically a stochastic process. An
operator uses his arms, hands, sense, and brain to perform
software package that may be created to perform the kinds of operations like grasping, holding orienting, inserting, aligning,
administrative tasks that otherwise need to stop-gap human fitting, screwing and turning of work pieces of various shapes
handling .most operations teams adopting RPA have secure their and sizes. In small and medium batch production, programmable
employees that automation would not result in layoff. Instead, automation is adopted. Robots are important aids in
staff is redeployed to try doing a lot of fascinating work. One programmable automation. For precision a robot has to interact
educational study highlighted that knowledge workers didn’t feel with the environment around it in a manner similar to man.
vulnerable by automation: they embraced it and viewed the Therefore, a robot should be intelligent if it has to emulate
robots as team-mates. Among different technological trends, is human capabilities.
predicted to drive a new wave of productivity and efficiency An intelligent robot has survived arm and end-effectors, has
gains in the global labor. sensors and adaptive control functions with the help of computer.
Adaptive control is necessary to correct the errors in position and
The difference between orientations of the work pieces and the end-effectors .an
RPAand traditional business method automation may be likened intelligent robot must determine cause and effect phenomena. So
to a driverless robotic car versus it must detects the faults and minimize their effects. The thinking
a car using control. control merely modulates vehicle processes such as brain function are performed by a computer.
speed, whereas the driverless car is ready to remember, learn, Sensing and effecting are the body functions that can be
adapt, and reply to numerous driving things, as an performed using the basic laws and axioms of computer science.
individual's would. This ability and awareness is In order to accomplish a task, both the brain and the body
what provides RPA the providng over traditional business and function are to be coordinated. So a smart robot must have
information technology process automation technology artificial intelligence that will differentiate the robot from another
The hosting of RPA services additionally aligns with the trope of machine.
a software robot, with every robotic instance having its own
virtual workstation, very similar to somebody's employee. The
automaton uses keyboard and mouse controls to require actions

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Air logic controller employs a number of pneumatic valves

which in turn control the opening and closing of the main valves
of the robot manipulator in close synchronization with the timers.

Programmable controllers
In a programmable controller , the sequential order in which the
switches are to be operated in kept in the memory .it can be
entered into the controller with the help of a keyboard .The
program can also be displayed on the CRT screen. Programmable
controllers may be wont to control and coordinate numerous
tasks to be done by the peripheral devices as well as robots.
Figure 1: Simplified model of AI/Robotics
Microprocessor-based controller
Sensing includes seeing, hearing, touching, smelling and The microprocessor based control is the most popular robot
measuring. The sensors gather and produce information. They control system. Microcomputer of various types may be
have little ability to reason about it. employed to program the sequential tasks or motions and store
Effecting can be done by actions. The action can be them in its memory. It contains special circuitry to interpret the
accomplished by manipulators using body, arm, wrist, hands, programs kept in its memory and at the same time it can also
fingers, legs, wheeled vehicles (mobile robot) and with various count the number of sequential events or tasks accomplished. It
means of communications. is versatile, programmable and has good memory .point-to-point,
.point
The components of interpreting, generating and reasoning are continuous path and controlled path motions can be easily
necessary to acquire knowledge about the environment. These programmed in microprocessor –based
based robotic system.
components in fact, recognize, locate and assemble the objects
and may direct the changes ges in the environments. Minicomputer-based controller
Interpreting information is a means to understanding the Robots having higher payload are manipulated through a
environment. However, interpreting information in proper minicomputer-based controller
context in the proper context is necessary. Generating function is
a means to influence the environment. Reasoning is a means to C. PROGRAMMING METHODES
cope with unforeseen, incomplete, and uncertain and perhaps, Programming of a robot can be done by several methods
conflict ting information to act or react to the environment. • Lead through programming
• Teach pendant programming
A. Robotic laws • Textual programming using computer terminal
Sir isaac asimov dealing on the subject of robotics framed three
basic laws which the roboticists still obeyy with respect.the laws Lead through programming
are philosophical in nature,they are as follows In this method robot is switched to program mode when the
First Law :A robot must not harm a human begin or through operant holds the robot manipulator or its wrist and moves it
inaction,allow one to come to harm. through a desired path. The robot controller memorizes all the
Second Law :A robot must always obey human begins unless it points so generated. During playback, the robot manipulators
manipu
is in conflict with the first law. describe the same path as taught during learning. Moreover,
Third Law :Arobot must protect itself from harm unless that is editing facility can be provided to compensate for error. Some of
in conflict with the second laws. the robots with continuous path control system use joystick. As
the joystick is moves in different axes, the robot manipulator
manipula
B. Types of robot controls axes follow the motions exactly .speed commands are provided
There are different types of controller used in robotics. There are: to increases or decrees the speed of the manipulator.
1. Drum controllers
2. Air logic controller Teach pendant programming
3. Programmable controller Teach pendant is the most popular method of programming
4. Micro process –based controller industrial robot.
5. Minicomputer –bade controller
Text programming
Drum controller Micro computer are used for programming industrial robots and
In drum controller, as the drum rotates, it actuates those switches different languages has been devolved for both on-line
on and 0ff-
which are wired to hydraulic or pneumatic valves. Thus, the line monitoring. Robot software languages include facilities such
manipulator movements are controlled by th the rotation as subroutines ,program branching ,interruptions and signaling to
advancement of the drum. It is now obsolete. peripheral equipment
ent ,etc. different languages for robot software
system include VAL used in Animation robots, SIGLA used in
Air logic controller sigma robots ,HELP used in pram assembly robots , AUTOPASS
in IBM robots and so on .at present , there are many different
robot programming languagess with various important features

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like flexibility in editing ,interpreting ,compiling, simulating and ready to spot gaps wherever processes can
debugging facilities. be further optimized to extend potency.
F. Increased efficiency
D. Robot sensors As software package robots handle the plenty of repetitive,
In order to function effectively, a robot has to receive tedious jobs during a business, employees can participate in
information from the environment for necessary manipulations, further else activities that involve personal interaction, problem
send signals to various joints for necessary moments and interact determination, and deciding.
with the peripheral equipment. The object should not be pressed Robotic process automation permits employees to finish tasks
had or deformed or slip. Sometimes it’s necessary to have prior that are a lot of valuable to the company and its
knowledge regarding the form of the object before it’s gripped. customers. once employees feel their work is valued and worthy,
Therefore, it’s needed to sense and measured all the important their productivity will increase, that will increase work retention
geometrical parameters of the object lying in an environment. rates. however on the far side having the ability to participate in
Sensory feedback is, of cause, more important for unstructured additional added activities, employees area
environment unit higher supported for their added tasks. this
Usually there are two basic kinds of sensors for searching, could facilitate increase productivity. Again, a similar volume of
recognizing, grasping and place the objects .they are tactile and work can be done in less time, thereby permitting downstream
non-tactile .Tactile sensors are contact sensors that has to brought work to begin sooner.
connected with the object to get signals to measure the necessary
quantities while non-tactile sensors are contactless sensors that
sense the signals remotely, but only within the required range of III. ADVANTAGES
distance from the object. When the tactile sensors make physical Robotic process automation software system and services are
contact with the object, an electrical analog or digital signal is ready to run applications the manner a person's operator would.
generated and sends to the robot controller. Electrical signals Supported rules, the work flow operate automatically
may be obtained through the contacts of micro switches .signals complicated tasks. RPA brings a full form of advantages like:
may also be obtained through mechanical pressures which 1) Continuing service: once it involves running real 24/7
changes resistances of electrical strain gauges in piezoelectric service, software package robots emerge as obvious what
crystals they are doing, no need to take breaks while doing tasks.
2) Scalability: The processes fixed for one software robot are
Typical contact type’s robotic sensors include often enlarge to any number of other robots and conversely,
• Force sensors robots are often decommissioned of a process to work on
• Torque sensors another one.
• Touch sensors 3) Truthfulness: Once allotted tasks, robots are designed to
• Position sensors faithfully complete the instructions without failing.
4) Time: Whereas it takes years to implement traditional
Non tactile sensors detect and measures magnetic fields, infrared projects with humans, it only takes weeks with robots.
and ultraviolet light, x-rays, electrical fields, ultrasonic sound 5) Improved Efficiency- The wonder of RPA is that it’s
waves or electromagnetic waves designed to alleviate human employees of their repetitive
daily tasks. once technology handles these tasks and
Typically non-contact sensors include workflows, the method runs abundant faster and afterwards
• Electro-optical imaging sensors works more effectively.
• Proximity sensors 6) Greater Productivity-When technology does the heavy
• Range imaging sensors lifting, as is the case with RPA, output can be considerably
increased.moreover, knowledge employees are going to be
Imaging sensors may use a laser scanner. Computer-vision user freed up to use their skills and knowledge to further
artificial intelligence (AI) to determine cause and affect necessary projects that drive innovation and growth.
phenomena to detect the fault or minimize their effects. Vision – 7) Elimination of human errors-Even the foremost careful
robots acquire knowledge about the environment by the human worker can make an occasional mistake.
interpreting, generating and reasoning components Unfortunately, typically these errors can prove to be
incredibly costly. With robotic process automation
E. Improved data Analytics technology, this risk is eliminated, resulting in larger
accuracy.
Each task the robot executes 8) Cost saving- While implementsing robotic process
produces data that, once gathered, permits for an analysis. This automation does require an upfront investment, the overall
drives better decision making within the areas of the processes increase in efficiency and productivity as well as reduction
being machine-controlled. once data is expeditiously combined, in human errors quite justify the expense.
compared, and contrasted to data collected in different areas, 9) Lower turnover- once human employees are no longer
it permits for better decision making on each a micro and macro slowed down by boring, repetitive and mundane tasks,
level. As each step in a very process is traced, an organization is satisfaction levels can naturally rise. Furthermore,
employees can appreciate the flexibility to participate in

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2019 395
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additional high-level projects, additionally disposal to larger typically can’t determine if the person making the inquiry is who
worker satisfaction and retention. they say they are. By analyzing unstructured data (e.g. say,
reviewing a scanned passport image and matching it against a
IV. DISADVANTAGES customer’s account record), machine learning is then able to
1) Monetary Expense-Budgetary restrictions are among the create a connection between doing and thinking in an automated
most important reasons why businesses are not prefer to environment.
implement RPA.
2) Lack of technical ability- Many of us believes that in c) In HR And Business Support - It's Coming
order to leverage robotic process automation, the end The use of artificial intelligence and advanced analytics are
user should possess significant technical ability. This apparent and mature in industrial settings, whereas in support
thought sometimes holds them back from reaping the functions like unit of time, it's the potential to be even as
various advantages that area unit accessible to them. revolutionary however the uptake has been a bit slower but the
3) MajorChange- doping a replacement technology needs uptake has been a little slower. For example, in HR, on boarding
modification, however with the proper tool, the impact the process of hiring new members of staff and putting them to
of that change is much less noticeable and disruptive work following recruitment generally takes around one month,
than many realize. according to recent research by CareerBuilder. The various
4) Redundancy- Another common concern of these processes taking up references, verifying identities, carrying out
resistant to RPA is that the worry that robots will health and safety assessments and ensuring hires have an
replace human workers, when its main purpose is to understanding of company practices, policies and culture
actually support humans within the work. requires a complex set of actions and toolsets which are not easy
to automate. However, there’s a lot to gain as well as driving
efficiency by cutting down time spent on mundane but vital
processes and compliance, automating tasks like this will free up
V. EXISTING RPA TASKS
skilled workers to apply them more creatively. Finally it doesn’t
a) RPA at workplace mean we will replace HR departments with robots but that
While adopting RPA at businesses, it’s actually because they’ve automation will severely augment the jobs people will be doing
known issues with their inheritance systems that area unit losing in support functions like HR. Parts of the workload dealing with
them time and money. As an example, once a business has an interpersonal or disciplinary issues still require a human touch.
inefficient manual methodology for commercial document
fulfillment wherever human agents have to be compelled to d) Intelligent process automation(ISP)
manually question the system for brand new orders and The next step within the automation journey is IPA (Intelligent
physically validate each, the method isn't solely long and tedious, process Automation). RPA is intended simply to follow
however at risk of human errors. With RPA package, the method directions, whereas IPA that is created from RPA and AI
might instead operate just like the following: (Artificial Intelligence) has the aptitude of learning from
1. The RPA system automatically pulls data from the client expertise that it then applies to boost on future tasks. Almost
system, checking for brand new purchase orders, reducing without people noticing, AI is fast becoming part of our daily
fulfillment times and increasing productivity. life. Examples include the mobile phone ‘personal assistants’
2. Once a purchase order is downloaded it will be right way Sire and Cortana; Amazon’s ‘Alexa’ voice service, and several
pushed into the legacy system. types of fraud detection software used by banks. Currently AI
3. The agent acts as a “human-in-the-loop” and manually remains fairly immature, but evidence suggests that this
validates the order for accuracy based on the customer contract. disruptive technology will transform many industries, including
4. RPA software package then uploads the acquisition order into insurance. A number of start-ups are capitalizing on this
a database wherever discounts area unit automatically applied prediction, for example, the New York-based company
supported client agreements. Lemon.ade, which sells insurance using a Chabot Smartphone
5. Agents then check the consummated order, guaranteeing app and exploits automated algorithms to great success for
quality control and human bit. speeding up its claims service. This is one example of AI but for
6. With additional machine learning capabilities, RPA software insurers, the possibilities seem endless. From spotting patterns
package will begin to find out and adapt to the present method and suspicious activity for fraud detection to using virtual
for even larger gains in potency that over time, would require assistants with the addition of chat bots for a more natural
less human interaction to make sure accuracy. interaction experience and finally self-service robotics, which
By adding RPA to this legacy system, the fulfillment process can provides the capabilities for websites and mobile applications to
be significantly improved and bottlenecks in productivity, be dynamically created, and allow RPA/IPA to serve customer
especially during busy seasons, can be eliminated entirely requests directly. For an industry typically viewed as staid and
resulting in higher client satisfaction. old-fashioned, this may present an opportunity for many
insurance companies to rebrand themselves as leaders in digital
b) RPA at banking industry innovation.
How about we look the more carefully at the banking industry. IPSoft, Inc., and Rage Frameworks Inc. in the US, and Blue
RPA systems will effectively perform several tasks related to Prism in the UK, are established platforms already in use –
loan origination and account management. However, RPA IPSoft describes its product Amelia as follows: “[It] can digest an

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2019 396
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oil-well centrifugal pump manual in 31 seconds – and give VI. NEW CAPABILLITES WITH RPA AND AI
instructions for repairs – and do the job of a call-center operator, 1) Increasing security.
a mortgage or insurance agent, even a medical assistant, with A software robot could be used to execute a process as directed,
virtually no human help. Fluent in 21 languages, Amelia without inappropriate data collection, fraudulent intervention or
understands implied, not just stated, meanings, and improves deviation from prescribed process. – E.g., could be particularly
Examples of Existing RPA and AI Products useful with the most sensitive data such as personal pensions and
e) Atos SE has been using RPA to automate IT tasks in administrative affairs of armed forces personnel, or financial
customer legacy infrastructure tasks in functions such services where having a person access multiple systems could
as ticket management, incident management and server increase the risk of fraud New Capabilities with RPA and AI.
load balancing, which were previously done by 2) Promoting self-service.
humans. A principal barrier to the adoption of self-service is often
f) Oracle Policy Automation Cloud Service is described as technological Robotic process automation could be used to
RPA software that reads business rules and policies provide a means of deploying new self-service solutions where
written in natural language and then, based on those robots simply mimic the behavior of humans to perform backend
rules and policies, decides what questions to ask the transcription or processing activities
customer, performs eligibility checks and produces a 3) Promoting use of big data.
decision report. RPA software could be used to collect and organize inconsistent
g) Ross, touted by its provider as “the world’s first data from among disparate systems to make it usable by AI for
artificially intelligent lawyer” built on IBM’s Watson. big data analytics. Helping legacy systems work with cloud-
Designed to understand language, postulate hypotheses based systems. For example, RPA software could be used to
when asked questions, research, and then generate enable automated ordering and provisioning of services through a
responses asked questions, research, and then generate cloud interface that is translated to work with more traditional
responses (along with references and citations) to back systems.
up its conclusions. Also monitors law around the clock 4) Overcome Geographic Hurdles.
to notify you of new court decisions that could affect This could create new business opportunities for clients that have
your case. political or regulatory impediments to off shoring their IT
h) RPA at business cases functions or business processes. It could also reduce to need to
relocate operations to take advantage of labor arbitrage.
In most industries, the average employee spends up to 80% of
their day on repetitive tasks that don't require creativity or deep
thinking. These mundane tasks are meant to be automated. To VII. CONCLUSION
illustrate this, the following are a few of practical business cases:
• Fraud detection: Robots can assist human bank Robotic process automation (RPA) provides advanced software
employees performing background checks and time- system robots taking the place humans whenever complicated
consuming fraud investigations while the employee can processes or routine tasks will be machine-controlled. That being
focus on customer satisfaction. said, how will artificial intelligence and connected technologies
• Form-checking: Robots can handle tedious customer empower it? As we have a tendency to enter the digital
order-checking to prepare the delivery process. It transformation era, our industries are coverage that their task
decreases the required time and at the same time forces are operational regarding eightieth of their IT processes
reduces the margin of error. manually, lowering their performance and motivation. At a
similar time, they estimate that a minimum of five hundredth of
• Claim processing: Robots can review customer claims
those tasks may be automatic.RPA uses software package and
and identify who will end up with a refund without
methodologies that are capable of taking advantage of the most
requesting any aid from a human.
recent technologies together with artificial intelligence, machine
• Fax categorizing: Robots can convert fax images to
learning, voice recognition, and linguistic communication
machine-readable text and then extract data and
process to require automation to future level. That creates it a
categorize faxes.
requirement for corporations of all industries that wish to convey
their business right along the digital transformation journey.
Artificial intelligence empowers RPA. Many various business
cases for RPA are being realized within innovative companies
from many different industries. Use cases include accounting,
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RPA promises to be able to run 24/7 with no stops, no breaks, no 1990
sleeping time, no vacations, and no sick leave, without [3] Nitzan , D. et al.,”Machine intelligence research applied to industrial
forgetting, omitting, misunderstanding, or underestimating errors automation”,,9th,10th,11th reports,NSF Grands,SRI Projects, SRI
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[4] Rosen, C.A. and D.Nitzan,”uses of sensors in programmable automation”
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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2019 397
ISSN 2250-3153

[5] Paul Roy ,Peter Dickinsion ,”How Robotic Process Automation and
Artificial Intelligence will Change Outsourcing”Seminar on June 7, 2016.
[6] Anderw Burgess ,”Robotic Process Automation & Artificial Intelligence”
handbook posted on 7th june ,2017
[7] A business review on The symbiosis of RPA and machine learning
by Abhijit Kakhandikii on May 29, 2017
[8] Fred Jacquet “How AI Will Take Robotic Process Automation to the Next
Level” march 29 ,2018. Second Author – UNDAVALLI
[9] “INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION”Instutue HARICHANDANA , pursuing B.Tech degree (CS&E Branch) in
for robotic process automation and artificial intelligence, June 2015. GITAM school of technology, Bangalore campus.The research
interests are robotic process automation , Internet of things and
Artificial intelligence.
AUTHORS

First Author – K P NAVEEN Third Author – T ALEKHYA

REDDY, pursuing B.Tech degree (CS&E Branch) in GITAM ,pursuing B.Tech degree (CS&E Branch) in GITAM school of
school of technology, Bangalore campus .I published two article technology, Bangalore campus .The research interests are
with name "Closed Form Solutions Of Funcanality of artificial intelligence and robotic process automation.
Windshield Wipers" in IJEE (Volume 10 ,Issue 1) and “
Comparison of Programming Languages: Review” in
IJCSE (Volume 9 Issue 2) which are UGC Recommended
Journals. the research aims are Artificial intelligence ,Robotics,
Machine learning and Big data.

Fourth Author – Mr. RAJESH

Assistant Professor in Department of CS&E, GITAM School of
Technology, Bangalore Campus. Pursing PhD under VTU,
research aims to provide the efficient solution for Security in
Internet of Things. Other areas of interest are Wireless Sensor
Networks, Artificial Intelligence & Robotic Process Automation.

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