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    Effects of Institutionalisation

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    Kai Kokoro
    Effects of institutionalization include disrupted attachment and mental retardation. Rutter's study of Romanian orphans adopted in Britain found those adopted before age 6 months had higher IQs than those adopted later, showing lack of early care harms intellectual development. Later research directly observing children in institutions found high rates of disinhibited attachment. While longitudinal studies provide valuable data, there may be confounding variables and long term effects are still unclear.

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    Effects of Institutionalisation

    Uploaded by

    Kai Kokoro
    38 views1 page
    Effects of institutionalization include disrupted attachment and mental retardation. Rutter's study of Romanian orphans adopted in Britain found those adopted before age 6 months had higher IQs than those adopted later, showing lack of early care harms intellectual development. Later research directly observing children in institutions found high rates of disinhibited attachment. While longitudinal studies provide valuable data, there may be confounding variables and long term effects are still unclear.

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    9. Effects of institutionalisation

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    Effects of institutionalization include disrupted attachment and mental retardation. Rutter's study of Romanian orphans adopted in Britain found those adopted before age 6 months had higher IQs than those adopted later, showing lack of early care harms intellectual development. Later research directly observing children in institutions found high rates of disinhibited attachment. While longitudinal studies provide valuable data, there may be confounding variables and long term effects are still unclear.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    38 views1 page

    Effects of Institutionalisation

    Uploaded by

    Kai Kokoro
    Effects of institutionalization include disrupted attachment and mental retardation. Rutter's study of Romanian orphans adopted in Britain found those adopted before age 6 months had higher IQs than those adopted later, showing lack of early care harms intellectual development. Later research directly observing children in institutions found high rates of disinhibited attachment. While longitudinal studies provide valuable data, there may be confounding variables and long term effects are still unclear.

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    EFFECTS OF INSTITUTIONALISATION

     An institution refers to a place like a hospital or an orphanage where children may live for a long continuous period of time
     Staying in places like this for a long duration can lead to disruption of attachment

    AO1:
    Effects of institutionalisation: Rutter’s English and Romanian Adoptee study: Bucharest Early Intervention Project:

    Disinhibited attachment Procedure Procedure


     As a result of being cared for by multiple  Followed a group of 165 Romanian orphans  Zeanah et al. assessed attachment in
    carers during the sensitive period, children are adopted in Britain to test the extent to which institutionalised children
    affectionate towards strangers as they are good emotional care can make up for poor early  Their attachment was measured using strange
    with familiar people experiences in institutions situation
     Further symptoms include attention seeking  Physical, cognitive and emotional development
    and clinginess towards adults was assessed in these children at the age of 4, Findings
    6, 11 and 15 years  The description of disinhibited attachment
    Mental retardation  They were compared to a group of children applied to 44% of the institutional group
     Rutter shows that most of the from a from British institutions that were also adopted compared to less than 20% for the control
    Romanian orphanage showed signs of mental at around the same time group
    retardation when they arrive to Britain
     This demonstrated that being raised without Findings
    adequate care during the sensitive period, can  When the orphans first arrived in the UK, half of
    lead to intellectual deficits too the adoptees showed signs of mental
    retardation and the majority severely
    undernourished
     The mean IQ of those children adopted…
     Before the age of 6 months was 102
     6 months – 2 years was 86
     After 2 years 77
     These differences remained till the age of 16.
    Based on this, Rutter

    AO2/AO3:
     Longitudinal studies  Real life application ー Effects into adulthood are ー Influence of confounding
    unclear variables
    P A strength of Rutter’s research is P Another strength of research into P A weakness of research on P A weakness of Rutter’s research is
    that it was an in-depth institutionalisation is studying institutionalisation is that is the that there may be confounding
    longitudinal study Romanian orphans and other effects on adulthood are unclear variables that had an influence on
    E It provides rich data on how institutions has enhanced our E For example, Rutter’s study has intellectual development
    institutionalisation affects understanding of effects of followed up the fostered and E For example, because he couldn’t
    intellectual development over institutionalisation adopted orphans into their mid- randomly allocate orphans to
    time and is not a one-off snap E For example, orphanages and teens and found some lasting adoption groups, there may be
    shot as is the case with lab children’s home try to minimise effects of living in institutions, independent differences that
    studies staff turnover and ensure that especially for those adopted late. affected later intellectual
    E This helped us understand that each carer has a small group to However, it is too soon to say development aside from age of
    early adoption is important in look after. Carers in such whether children suffered short adoption
    preventing long-term damage to situations are known as the key or long-term effects E This is an issue as it could be
    intellectual development. This carers, and having a key carer E This is an issue as it may be that those who were adopted before
    would not have been possible means that children have a the children who spent longer in 6 months were actually the most
    with a short-term assessment of chance to develop normal institutions just currently lag sociable/interactional orphans
    children attachments and avoid behind in their ability to form who would have been okay
    L This increases the validity of the disinhibited attachment healthy attachments and may intellectually, later
    research E This is a strength as such results catch up as adults. Furthermore, L Therefore can be argued to be an
    have led to improvements in the it may be the case that the early- incomplete explanation
    way children are cared for adopted children who show no
    L Therefore, this shows that issues may develop emotional
    research on institutionalisation problems later in life. It could be
    can help guide care practices and too soon to conclude the life-time
    improve lives effects of institutionalisation
    L This decreases the validity of the
    findings from Rutter’s study

    NOTE: Only select the relevant AO1s (e.g. 2/3 points) and four evaluation points (AO2/AO3)

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