ICICES2014 - S.A.

Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Smart Shopping Cart with Automatic Billing System

through RFID and ZigBee
Mr.P. Chandrasekar Ms.T. Sangeetha
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE,
EBET Group of Institutions, Tamilnadu College of Engineering,
Kangayam, Tamil Nadu Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
India India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Contemporary embedded systems are habitually embeds in ROM (Read Only Memory) it does not need
based on microcontroller’s i.e. CPUs in the company of secondary memories as in a computer. These systems are
integrated memory as well as peripheral interfaces but ordinary designed with a single 8- or 16-bit microcontroller; they have
microprocessors by means of external chips for memory and little hardware and software complexities and involve board-
peripheral interface circuits are also still common, especially in
level design. They may even be battery operated. When
more complex systems. Radio frequency identification (RFID)
technology may not only be useful for streamlining inventory and developing embedded software for these, an editor, assembler
supply chains: it could also make shoppers swarm. ZigBee is and cross assembler, specific to the microcontroller or
based on an IEEE 802.15 standard. ZigBee devices often transmit processor used, are the main programming tools. Usually, ‘C’
data over longer distances by passing data through intermediate is used for developing these systems.
devices to reach more distant ones, creating a mesh network; i.e.,
a network with no centralized control or high-power Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly growing
transmitter/receiver able to reach all of the networked devices. technology that has the potential to make great economic
This paper provides centralized and automated billing system impacts on many industries. While RFID is a relatively old
using RFID and ZigBee communication. Each product of technology, more recent advancements in chip manufacturing
shopping mall, super markets will be provided with a RFID tag, technology are making RFID practical for new applications and
to identify its type. Each shopping cart is designed or settings, particularly consumer item level tagging. These
implemented with a Product Identification Device (PID) that advancements have the potential to revolutionize supply-chain
contains microcontroller, LCD, an RFID reader, EEPROM, and management, inventory control, and logistics. At its most basic,
ZigBee module. Purchasing product information will be read
through a RFID reader on shopping cart, mean while product
RFID systems consist of small transponders, or tags, attached
information will be stored into EEPROM attached to it and to physical objects. RFID tags may soon become the most
EEPROM data will be send to Central Billing System through pervasive microchip in history. When wirelessly interrogated
ZigBee module. The central billing system gets the cart by RFID transceivers, or readers, tags respond with some
information and EEPROM data, it access the product database identifying information that may be associated with arbitrary
and calculates the total amount of purchasing for that particular data records. Thus, RFID systems are one type of automatic
cart. Main aim of this paper was to provide an automatic billing identification system, similar to optical bar codes.
to avoid queue in malls and super markets.
ZigBee is built on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
Keywords—Product Identification Device, EEPROM, RFID, ZigBee provides routing and multi-hop functions to the packet-
ZigBee, Central Billing System. based radio protocol. ZigBee technology is a low data rate, low
power consumption, low cost; wireless networking protocol
I. INTRODUCTION targeted towards automation and remote control applications.
Programmers build up software applications every day in Supermarket is the place where customers come to
order to augment efficiency and productivity in a mixture of purchase their daily using products and pay for that. So there is
situations. A system is a way of working, organizing or doing need to calculate how many products are sold and to generate
one or many tasks according to a fixed plan, program, or set of the bill for the customer. Cashier’s desks are placed in a
rules. A system is also an arrangement in which all its units position to promote circulation. At present, many supermarket
assemble and work together according to the plan or program. chains are attempting to further reduce labor costs by shifting
An embedded system is one that has computer-hardware with to self-service check-out machines, where a single employee
software embedded in it as one of its most important can oversee a group of four or five machines at once, assisting
component. It is a dedicated computer-based system for an multiple customers at a time.
application(s) or product. It may be either an independent
system or a part of a larger system. As its software usually

ISBN No.978-1-4799-3834-6/14/$31.00©2014 IEEE

 ICICES2014 - S.A.Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

II. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION AND DESIGN OF CART but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions
The given fig.1 shows hardware modules for the device until the next interrupt or hardware reset.
which is attached to shopping cart of supermarket. It consists B. ZigBee
of a microcontroller, display unit (LCD), an EEPROM, RFID
reader, ZigBee transceiver and a battery power source. The
battery power source increases the mobility of the device.
A liquid crystal display is special thin flat panels that can
let light go through it, or can block the light. Each block is
filled with liquid crystals that can be made clear or solid, by
changing the electric current to that block. Liquid crystal
displays are often abbreviated LCDs.
A. Microcontroller
ZigBee is expected to provide low cost and low power
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8- connectivity for equipment that needs battery life as long as
bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable several months to several years but does not require data
Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s transfer rates as high as those enabled by Bluetooth. In
high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible
with the industry standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.
The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be

Fig. 2. ZigBee Module

addition, ZigBee can be implemented in mesh networks

larger 2 than is possible with Bluetooth. ZigBee compliant
wireless devices are expected to transmit 10-75 meters,
depending on the RF environment and the power output
consumption required for a given application, and will operate
in the unlicensed RF worldwide (2.4GHz global, 915MHz
Americas or 868 MHz Europe).
reprogrammed in-system
The data rate is 250kbps at 2.4GHz, 40kbps at 915MHz and
20kbps at 868MHz. The below fig 2 shows the ZigBee module
Fig. 1. Hardware Implementation of Shopping Cart CC2500 transceiver.

or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By

combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable
Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful C. EEPROM
microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost- The AT24C02 provides 2048 bits of serial electrically
effective solution to many embedded control applications. The erasable and programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of organized as 256 words of 8 bits each. The device is optimized
Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two for use in many industrial and commercial applications where
data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level low-power and low-voltage operation are essential.
interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip
oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is TABLE I. EEPROM PIN CONFIGURATION
designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency
Pin Name Function
and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The
A0 - A2 Address Inputs
Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, SDA Serial Data
timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue SCL Serial Clock Input
functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM con-tents WP Write Protect

ISBN No.978-1-4799-3834-6/14/$31.00©2014 IEEE

 ICICES2014 - S.A.Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
NC No Connect Fig. 3. Central Automated Billing System
GND Ground
VCC Power Supply product database. The automated billing system will be
developed using visual basic. Visual Basic was designed to
accommodate beginner programmers. Programmers can not
D. RFID Reader only create simple GUI applications, but to also develop
RFID Proximity OEM Reader Module has a built-in complex applications. Programming in VB is a combination of
antenna in minimized form factor. It is designed to work on the visually arranging components or controls on a form,
industry standard carrier frequency of 125 kHz. This LF reader specifying attributes and actions for those components, and
module with an internal or an external antenna facilitates writing additional lines of code for more functionality. Since
communication with Read-Only transponders—type UNIQUE VB defines default attributes and actions for the components, a
or TK5530 via the air interface. The tag data is sent to the host programmer can develop a simple program without writing
systems via the wired communication interface with a protocol much code. Programs built with earlier versions suffered
selected from the module Both TTL and Wiegend Protocol. performance problems, but faster computers and native code
compilation has made this less of an issue.

Fig. 2. RFID Reader

IV. I2C PROTOCOL
The data transfer between microcontroller and EEPROM is
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology to made through I2C serial protocol. Since AT24C02 is two line
electronically record the presence of an object using radio serial I2C enabled IC. Generation of clock signals on the I2C-
signals. It is used for inventory control or timing sporting bus is always the responsibility of master devices; each master
events. RFID is not a replacement for the bar-coding, but a generates its own clock signals when transferring data on the
complement for distant reading of codes. The technology is bus. Bus clock signals from a master can only be altered when
used for automatically identifying a person, a package or an they are stretched by a slow-slave device holding-down the
item. clock line, or by another master when arbitration occurs. Due
to the variety of different technology devices (CMOS, NMOS,
III. CENTRAL AUTOMATED BILLING SYSTEM bipolar) which can be connected to the I2C-bus, the levels of
The fig shows the concept of Central Automated Billing the logical ‘0’ (LOW) and ‘1’ (HIGH) are not fixed and depend
System. Since each cart is attached with product identification on the associated level of VDD. One clock pulse is generated
device (PID), through ZigBee communication PID sends its
information to central automated billing system, there it
calculates net price for the purchased products. Customer can
get their billing information at the packing section according to
their Cart Identification Number. Even there’s is no need for a
cash collector, in case customer uses their debit/credit for bill
payment. The Automated central billing system consists of a

for each data bit transferred.

Fig. 4. Control flow diagram
ZigBee transceiver and a server/system connected to access

ISBN No.978-1-4799-3834-6/14/$31.00©2014 IEEE

 ICICES2014 - S.A.Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

V. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION [16] David Gay, Phil Levis, Rob von Bebren, Man Welsh, Eric Brewer, and
David Culler, The nesC Language: A Holistic Approach to Networked
This application creates an automated central bill system Embedded Systems. Proceedings of Programming Language Design and
for supermarkets and mall. Using PID, customers no need to Implementation (PLDI), San Diego, June 2003.
wait near cash counters for their bill payment. Since their [17] IAR System. http://www.iar.com/
purchased product information is transferred to central billing [18] Keunho Yun, Daijin Kim, "Robust location tracking using a dual layer
system. Customers can pay their bill through credit/debit particle filter", Pervasive and Mobile Computing 3 (2007) 209-232.
cards. The 8- microcontroller used here has the capability of [19] [CrossRef]
receiving 8-bit data from RFID reader. [20] C. Buragohain, D. Agrawal, and S. Suri. Distributed navigation
algorithms for sensor networks. In IEEE INFOCOM, 2006.
The AT89S52 doesn’t have inbuilt I2C protocol, [21] P. Corke, R. Peterson, and D. Rus. Localization and navigation assisted
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synchronize with EEPROM. Some of other microcontrollers [23] http://taiwan.cnet.com/news/ce/0,200006292,20100263,00.htm
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[25] http://www.ti.com/zigbee
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[26] Charles Blilie, "Pattern in Scientific Software: An Introduction," IEEE
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ISBN No.978-1-4799-3834-6/14/$31.00©2014 IEEE