E-LEARNING NOTEBOOK

Subject : Maths
Level : Secondary 1
Time Allocation : 90 minutes
Date Issued : Tuesday, January 19th 2021

Lesson Preview
Lesson Topic : Ratio
Objectives : 1. Students are able to define and describe the ratio.
2. Students are able to use the ratio to solve the problem

Prior Knowledge
Look at the following figure!

What does the number mean?

The number presented in the figure shows the ratio of the length to the width of the cellphone.
What is the ratio of your cellphone? Do you know what ratio is? Have you ever use ratio in your life?
Do you still
Ratio can be expressed as a fraction. It also has relationship with another lesson such as LCM,
HCF, simpifying fraction and equivalent fraction. That’s why we need to review about fraction, LCM,
HCF, and simple equation as follow:
 LCM and HCF
Find the LCM and HCF of 12 and 15!
 Simplifying Fractions
10
Simplify !
15
 Identifying Equivalent Fractions
30 5
Is equivalent to ?
54 8
Now, you are ready to know more about ratio.

Knowledge
Let’s explore more about ratio!
A. WHAT IS RATIO?
Ratios compare quantities that use the same units of measurement. The quantities can be nearly
anything; people, cars, dollars...even two groups of things.

A ratio is written in three different ways. It can be written as a fraction, with the word “to” or
with a colon.

Look at the following example:

Mahit has 4 brown rabbits and 5 white rabbits.

 You can use the ratio to compare the numbers of white and brown rabbits.
The ratio of white rabbits to brown rabbits is 5 to 4, it is written using colon notation, 5 :
4

These are part-to-part ratios.

The numbers 4 and 5 are the terms of the ratio.
Order is important in a ratio.
5 to 4 is not the same as 4 to 5.

 You can also use ratios to compare the parts to the whole.

We can also use fraction to express the ratio.

In some cases, we can use a three-term ratio to compare the three quantities. For example: there
are 5 golf balls to 8 tennis balls to 7 basketballs. We can write this as the ratio 5 to 8 to 7, or
5:8:7

B. SIMPLIFYING RATIO
 Ratios are easiest to understand when they are in their simplest form. We can often
reduce both numbers in a ratio to smaller numbers, but they still represent the same overall
information.
For example: Think about a hospital waiting room where there are 30 nurses for every
150 patients in the waiting room. We can express this as a ratio of:
30 nurses to 150 patients
30 : 150
To simplify this, think of the highest common factor(HCF) that can divide both numbers.
In this case, the HCF is 30, then
30÷ 30 1
=
150÷ 30 5
It means there is 1 nurse for every 5 patients.

C. EQUIVALENT RATIO
Look at the following figures!
Figure 1:

The ratio of triangles to squares is 4:3.

That is, for every 4 triangles, there are 3 squares.

Figure 2 :

The ratio of triangles to squares is 8:6.

That is, for every 8 triangles, there are 6 squares.

The ratios 8:6 and 4:3 are called equivalent ratios.

Equivalent ratios are equal.
8:6 = 4:3

An equivalent ratio can be formed by multiplying or dividing the terms of a ratio by the same
number.
 We can show this with the terms of the ratios in rows.
2

4 8
3 6
2
2

4 8
3 6
2

 We can also show this with the terms of the ratios in columns
 4 3

8 6
2
2

D. COMPARING RATIO
There are some ways to compare the ratio. We can use equivalent ratios and use percents. To
know more about this, check this example:
Erica makes her coffee with 2 scoops of coffee to 5 cups of water.

Jim makes his coffee with 3 scoops of coffee to 7 cups of water.

Which mixture has stonger taste of coffee?

Are the drinks the same strength?
Explain how you know it!

Here are two strategies to find out which coffee is stronger.

 Use equivalent ratios.

Find how much coffee is used for the same amount of water. Write equivalent ratios with
the same second term. Then compare the first terms.
In Erica’s mixture:

Coffee 2 14
Water 5 35

In Jim’s mixture:

Coffee 3 15
Water 7 35 To make the second term same,
find the LCM of 7 and 5. It is
35.
7
Since 2:5 = 14:35, Erica uses 14 scoops of coffee to 35 cups of water.

5
 Since 3:7 = 15:35, Jim uses 15 scoops of coffee to 35 cups of water.
It means, Jim uses more coffee for the same amount of water. So, Jim’s coffee is
stronger.

 Write ratios as percent to compare them.

In Erica’s mixture, coffee : water = 2 : 5
In Jim’s mixture, coffee : water = 3 : 7
Write part to whole ratios for the amount of coffee to the total number of mixture.
2
In Erica’s mixture, the ratio of coffee to the whole mixture = 2 : (2+5) = 2 : 7 = =
7
2
×100 %=¿28.6%
7
3
In Jim’s mixture, the ratio of coffee to the whole mixture= 3 : (3+7) = 3 : 10 = =
10
3
×100 %=¿ 30%
10
Jim’s coffee has greater percent of cofee than Erica’s. Jim’s coffee is stronger.

Let’s apply the above information to do the following practice

1. Roni’s marbles are 45, while Bob’s marbles are 75.
Show each ratio as many different ways as you can.
a. Roni’s marbles to Bob’s marbles
b. Bob’s marbles to Roni’s marbles
Answer:
From this information, we can see that
3
a. The ratio of Roni’s marbles to Bob’s marbles is 45 : 75 = 3 : 5. We can write it as .
5
We can also express it as 3 to 5.
5
b. The ratio of Bob’s marbles to Roni’s marbles is 75 : 45 = 5 : 3. We can write it as .
3
We can also express it as 5 to 3.
2. What is the simplest ratio of 27 cm : 1.8 m?
Answer:
Since the unit is different, we must convert it. For example, we convert all into cm.
27 cm : 1.8 m = 27 cm : 180 cm = 3 : 20

3. The sum of Andi’s money and Indah’s is Rp 39,000.00. If the ratio of Andi’s to Indah’s is 8 : 5,
determine the money each person has!
Answer:
Andi’s : Indah’s = 8 : 5,
Since the information states the sum of their money so we must find the sum of ratio( we can
use part to whole ratio)
the sum of ratio = 8 + 5 = 13
8
Andi’s money = × Rp 39,000.00=Rp 24,000.00
13
 5
Indah’s money = × Rp 39,000.00=Rp 15,000.00
13

4. Write 3 ratios equivalent to 2:5.

Answer:
2:5

 Multiply each term by 2.

(2  2):(5  2)
= 4:10

 Multiply each term by 3.

(2  3):(5  3)
= 6:15

 Multiply each term by 4.

(2  4):(5  4)
= 8:20
Three equivalent ratios are 4:10, 6:15, and 8:20.

5. A contractor brought 2 shades of yellow paint for his clients to see. Shade 1 is made by mixing
5 cans of yellow paint with 3 cans of white paint. Shade 2 is made by mixing 7 cans of yellow
paint with 4 cans of white paint. The clients want the lighter shade.
a. Which shade should they choose?
b. What assumptions do you make?
Answer:
Write the ratio of cans of yellow paint to cans of white paint for each shade.

Shade 1 Shade 2
5:3 7:4
The lighter shade will have less yellow paint.
Assume all the cans are the same size.
Write part-to-whole ratios for the number of cans
of yellow paint to the total number of cans.

Shade 1 Shade 2
5 : (3+5) 7 : (4+7)
Write each ratio as a fraction
=5:8 = 7 : 11
5 7
= × 100 % = ×100 %
8 11 Write each fraction as a percent
= 62.5% = 63.63%

Shade 1 has 62.5% yellow paint.

Shade 2 has 63. % yellow paint.
Since 62.5% < 63. %, Shade 1 is the lighter shade.
 The clients should choose Shade 1.

Exercise
Now, it is time for you to have individual practice
I. Answer the questions below completely and correctly!

1. What is being compared in each ratio?

a. 3:4
4
b.
7

2. Write 2 ratios equivalent to each ratio.

a. 2:3
b. 1:4

3. Write each ratio in simplest form.

a. 5:15
b. 3:12:18

4. Find the missing number() in each pair of equivalent ratios.

a. :24 and 5:3
b. 3::11 and 30:70:110

5. The ratio of fiction to non-fiction books in Ms. Arbuckle’s class library is 7:5. The ratio of
fiction to non-fiction books in Mr. Albright’s class library is 4:3. Each classroom has 30 non-
fiction books.
a. Which room has more fiction books? How many more?
b. What percent of the books in each class is non-fiction?

6. Two different groups at a summer camp have pizza parties. The Calgary Cougars order 2 pizzas
for every 3 campers. The Alberta Antelopes order 3 pizzas for every 5 campers.
a. Which group gets more pizza per person? How do you know?
b. Could you use percent to find out? Why or why not?

7. Katherine has diabetes. At each meal, she must estimate the mass in grams of carbohydrates she
plans to eat, then inject the appropriate amount of insulin. Katherine needs 1 unit of insulin for
15 g of carbohydrates. Katherine’s lunch has 60 g of carbohydrates. How many units of insulin
should Katherine inject?

Exit slips:

1. What is the ratio of black counters to white? Simplify the ratio!

2. Shade the counters to represent the ratio 3 : 5, black to white!

3. Rate your understanding of today’s topic on a scale of 1-10! Explain your reason!
4. In which part do you think you need more explanation or practice?