11/27/2020 Z-Score Calculator

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PROBABILITY & STATISTICS

Z-score

Random Value (X) 9.25

Mean (μ) 9

Standard Deviation 0.73

Z-score  =  0.3425

P(X < X1)  =  0.6331

P(X > X1)  =  0.3669

GENERATE WORK

Standardized or Z-Score - work with steps

Home / Math / Probability & Statistics

Input Data :
Random Value (X) = 9.25
Mean (μ) = 9
Standard Deviation (σ) = 0.73

Objective :
Find what is the normalized score of random member X?

Formula :
(x - μ)
z-score =
σ

Solution :
(9.25 - 9)
z-score =
0.73
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0.25
=
0.73
z-score = 0.3425

p-value from Z-Table :

From the table P(x < x1) = 0.6331
P(x > x1) = 1 - P(x < x1)
= 1 - 0.6331
P(x > x1) = 0.3669

Z-score calculator, p-value from z-table, left tail, right tail, two tail, formulas, work with
steps, step by step calculation, real world and practice problems to learn how to nd
standard score for any raw value of X in the normal distribution. It also shows how to
calculate the p-value from the z-table to nd the probability of X in the normal
distribution. It's an online statistics and probability tool requires an unstandardized raw
value, mean of normal distribution, and the standard deviation. The result will describe
the measure of how many number of standard deviations between a value and the mean.
It is necessary to follow the next steps:

1. Enter an unstandardized raw value, mean of normal distribution, and the standard
deviation of the population in the box. These values must be real numbers and may
be separated by commas. The values can be copied from a text document or a
spreadsheet.
2. Press the "GENERATE WORK" button to make the computation.
3. z-score calculator will give the standard score for a data point.

Input : Three real numbers as random member, mean and standard deviation of
population or sample data;
Output : A real number or a variable.

z-score Formula:
z-score Formula for Population Data :
z-score of a population data is determined by the formula

x − μ
z =
σ

where x is a random member, μ is an expected mean of population and σ is the

standard deviation of an entire population.

z-score Formula for Sample Data :

z-score of a sample data is determined by the formula

¯
x − X
z =
sX

where x is each value in the data set, X

¯
is the sample mean and sX is the sample
standard deviation.

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What is Z-score?
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What is Z score? Z-Score Calculator

In statistics and probability, it is also called standard score, z-value, standardized score or
normal score. A z-score measures the distance between an observation and the mean,
measured in units of standard deviation. In other words, z-score is the number of standard
deviations there are between a given value and the mean of the data set. If a z-score is
zero, then the data point's score is identical to the mean. If a z-score is 1, then it represents
a value that is one standard deviation from the mean. Z-score may be positive or negative.
A positive value represents the score above the mean (right tail) and a negative score
represents the score below the mean (left tail). It is used to describe the normal
distribution.
The standard normal distribution is the normal distribution with mean 0 and standard
deviation 1. It is denoted as N (0, 1). A random variable with the standard normal
distribution is called a standard normal variable. Speci c values of a standard normal
variable are called z-values. If X is a normally distributed random variable with mean μ
and standard deviation σ, then the distribution of

X − μ
Z =
σ

x−μ
is the standard normal distribution. For a speci c value x of X, σ
is called the z-value.
The z-value is a speci c value of Z .

How to Calculate Z-Score?

To calculate a z-score, divide the deviation by the standard deviation, i.e.

Deviation
z =
Standard Deviation

Since the deviation is the observed value of the variable, subtracted by the mean value,
then the z-score is determined by the formula

In the following, we will give a stepwise guide for calculation the z-score for the given
population.
1. Find the mean of the population;
2. Find the standard deviation of the population;
3. Chose a random sample from the population;
4. Find the difference between the value of random variable and population mean;
5. Find the ratio between the difference and population standard deviation.

Example Problem :
The class of ve students scored 68, 75, 81, 87, and 90. Find the normalized or z-score of 75
.
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Following the previously exposed steps, we obtain

68+75+81+87+90
1. μ =
5
= 80.2

2 2 2 2 2
(68−80.2) +(75−80.2) +(81−80.2) +(87−80.2) +(90−80.2) )
2. σ = √
5
= 7.98498

3. By selecting 75 as a random member from the population of 68, 75, 81, 87, and 90;
4. The difference between the value of random variable and population mean is

75 − 80.2 = −5.2

5. The ratio between the difference and population standard deviation is

x − μ −5.2
z − score = = = −0.6516
σ 7.98

In the same manner, we can take any sample within a set of data and determine how
many standard deviations above or below the mean it is. So, to nd the z-score of a
sample, it is necessary to nd the mean, variance and standard deviation of the sample.
Have in mind that the sample standard deviation formula is different than the population
standard deviation, i.e.


i=n
 1
 ¯ 2
Sample Standard Deviation = sX = ∑ (xi − X) ,
⎷ n − 1
i=1

where X
¯
is the sample mean.


i=N
 1
 2
Population Standard Deviation = σX = ∑ (xi − μ) ,
⎷ N
i=1

where μ is the population mean. The z-score of a sample is determined by the formula

¯
x − X
z =
sX

where X ¯
is the sample mean and sX is the sample standard deviation.
The z-score calculator, p-value calculation, z-table, formulas, solved example with step by
step calculation to nd the normalized, standard or relative standing value of a random
variable of the normal distribution, calculated from the population of 68, 75, 81, 87 and 90.
For any other values of random member, mean and standard deviation, just supply three
real numbers and click on the "GENERATE WORK" button. The grade school students may
use this Z-score calculator to generate the work, verify the results derived by hand or do
their homework problems ef ciently.

Z-Table
The Z-table helps to nd the p-value of random variable in the normal distribution. The
standard This normal distribution is the normal distribution with mean 0 and OK
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standard
deviation 1 It is denoted as N (0 1) In this case the probability density function is
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deviation 1. It is denoted as N (0, 1). In this case, the probability density function is
1 x
2

−
f (x) = e 2

√2π

Because the standard normal distribution is used very often, there exist tables to help us
calculate probabilities (Standard Normal Table).
A(z) is the integral of the standardized normal distribution from −∞ to z, i.e. it represents

the area under the standard normal curve from 0 to the speci ed value of z.

p-values from Z-Table for Left Tail Region

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

-3.4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002

-3.3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003

-3.2 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

-3.1 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007

-3.0 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010

-2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014

-2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019

-2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026

-2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036

-2.5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048

-2.4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064

-2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084

-2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110

-2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143

-2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183

-1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233

-1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294

-1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367

-1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455

-1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
z 0.00
This website uses0.01 0.02 our users.
cookie to measure 0.03Learn how
0.04 0.05 collect0.06
we & our partners & use data. 0.07
OK 0.08 0.09
1 4 0 0808 0 0793 0 0778 0 0764 0 0749 0 0735 0 0721 0 0708 0 0694 0 06815/10
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11/27/2020 Z-Score Calculator
-1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681

-1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823

-1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985

-1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170

-1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379

-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611

-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867

-0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148

-0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451

-0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.3121

-0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.2776

-0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483

-0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859

-0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247

-0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641

p-values from Z-Table for Right Tail Region

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359

0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753

0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141

0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517

0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879

0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224

0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549

0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852

0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133

0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
z 0.00
This website 0.01
uses cookie to0.02
measure our0.03
users. Learn 0.04
how we & our0.05 0.06
partners collect & use data0.07
. OK 0.08 0.09
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
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1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830

1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015

1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177

1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319

1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441

1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545

1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633

1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706

1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767

2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817

2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857

2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890

2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916

2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936

2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952

2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964

2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974

2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981

2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986

3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990

3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993

3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995

3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997

3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998

How to Find p-value from Z-Table

By using the Z-Table we can nd probabilities for a statistical sample with a standard
normal distribution. To nd the p-value from the z-table we need to follow the next steps:

Find the row which represents the ones digit and the tenths digit of the z-value;
Find the column that represents the the hundredths digit of the z-value;
Intersect the row and column from Steps 1 and 2;

This result represents P (Z < z), as a left tail shows the probability that the random
variable Z is less than the value of z.
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For example, let us nd the p-value for P (Z < 1.13). Using the Z-Table, nd the row for
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For example, let us nd the p value for P (Z < 1.13) . Using the Z Table, nd the row for
1.1 and the column for 0.03.

Cumulative Standardized Normal Distribution

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133

0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389

1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621

1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830

1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015

The intersection is 0.8708. Therefore, P (Z < 1.13) = 0.8708.

As we mentioned, the total area under the normal curve is 1. This means,

P (Z < 1.13) + P (Z > 1.13) = 1

So,

P (Z > 1.13) = 1 − P (Z < 1.13) = 1 − 0.8708 = 0.1292

Let us nd the p-value for P (Z < 1.13) . Using the z-table, nd the row for −1.1 and the
column for 0.03.

Cumulative Standardized Normal Distribution

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

-1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985

-1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170

-1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379

-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611

-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867

The intersection is 0.1292. We can conclude that

P (Z > 1.13) = P (Z < 1.13) = 0.1292

It follows because the normal distribution is symmetric. Generally, to calculate

corresponding probabilities, we should follow the next rules:
1. P (Z ≤ z) = { A(z), z > 0 1 − A(z), z < 0
2. P (Z ≥ z) = { 1 − A(z), z > 0 A(z), z < 0
3. P (z1 ≤ Z ≤ z2 ) = A(z2 ) − A(z1 )

Real World Problems Using Z-score

The standard score transformation is useful to compare the relative standings between
the members of the
This website uses distribution
cookie to measure with population
our users. Learn how we &mean and
our partners standard
collect & use data.deviation.
OK In other
words z score determines how many standard deviations σ a raw score of a random
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11/27/2020 Z-Score Calculator
words, z-score determines how many standard deviations σ a raw score of a random
variable of the population above or below the population mean. Standard score is an
important factor in statistics and probability to identify which random member in the
normal distribution performing good, bad or moderate.
The graph of a standard normal distribution is called the standard normal curve. z-scores
can be used to calculate probability (p-value) by comparing the location of the z-score to
the area under a normal curve either to the left or right. A standard normal distribution
has the following properties:

The normal curve is bell shaped and is symmetric about the mean;
The total area under the normal curve is equal to one.

Since the total area under the curve is 1, and the curve is symmetric with respect to the y-
axis, the areas under the curve in the regions x < 0 and x > 0 are equal 0.5, i.e
P (Z < 0) = P (Z > 0) = 0.5.

Because the standard normal distribution is used very often, there exist tables to help us
calculate probabilities (Standard Normal Table).

Z-score Practice Problems

Practice Problem 1:
Find the z-score of a value of 35, if a mean of data set is 25, and a standard deviation is z.

Practice Problem 2:
Find the z-score of the price of a ball that cost $27, if the mean ball price is $25.2, with a
standard deviation of 1.6.

Practice Problem 3:
Given a normal distribution with a mean of 237 and standard deviation of 56, nd a value
with a z-score of 1.94.

Practice Problem 4:
In a population that is normally distributed with mean 7 and standard deviation 11, the
bottom 90% of the values are those less than x. Find the value of x.
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Practice Problem 5:
Find z-values correspond to the middle 60% of the standard normal distribution.

The z-score calculator, p-value from z-table, formulas, work with steps, real world
problems and practice problems would be very useful for grade school students (K-12
education) to learn what is z-score and p-value in probability and statistics, how to nd z-
score by formula, how to nd p-value from z-table and where it can be applicable in the
real world problems.

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