Brief Questions:

1) What is ESL? (2018)

Ans. ESL stands for English as a second language.
2) What is ‘Applied Linguistics’? (2018, 2015)
Ans. Applied linguistics is a branch of language study concerned with the scientific study of second
and foreign language teaching and learning.
3) Define language from the structural point of view. (2017, 2015)
Ans. From the structural point of view, language refers to the use of linguistic or grammatical
aspects of a language, such as voice sounds, words, and sentences.
4) What is LAD? (2017, 2015, 2012)
Ans. LAD stands for Language Acquisition Device (concerning a part, or parts, of the brain which
specialize in the acquisition of language). It is specifically related to the ability of children to learn
languages.
5) What is ‘schema’? (2017, 2015)
Ans. Schema is our background knowledge that helps us understand and interpret information,
feelings, and emotions.
6) What is ‘critical period’ in learning language by children? (2017, 2015)
Ans. “Critical period” is a first Language Acquisition theory which states that children can learn a
language first few years of their life very easily, but after puberty, language acquisition rates start
dropping and people have hard times to learn a language after 19.
7) What is SLA? (2017, 2016, 2012)
Ans. SLA stands for Second Language Acquisition.
8) What is ‘interlanguage’? (2015, 2014)
Ans. Interlanguage is a linguistic system that a second language learner makes with a combination
of his/her first language and the target language rules or by overgeneralizing some rules of the target
language.
9) What is ‘scaffolding’? (2017, 2015)
Ans. Scaffolding refers to the assistance from an expert to help learners reach next level.
10) What is ZPD? (2016, 2015, 2013)
Ans. ZPD or Zone of Proximal Development is the gap between what a learner can learn by
themselves and what he/she can learn with the help of teachers.
11) What is pedagogy? (2017, 2015)
Ans. Pedagogy is the method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or
theoretical concept.
12) What is meant by ‘ELT Methodology’? (2018)
Ans. ELT Methodology is a system of practices and procedures that a teacher uses to teach the
English Language. It will be based on beliefs about the nature of language, and how it is learnt
(known as 'Approach').
13) What is ‘approach’ in language teaching? (2017)
Ans. According to Anthony (1963:63-7): “An Approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing
with the nature of language teaching and learning.”
14) Define ‘Direct Method’. (2018, 2016, 2014, 2012)
Ans. Direct Method is a language teaching approach in which students are taught the target
language without translation into the native language.
15) Which method is known as the ‘classical method’? (2016)
Ans. Grammar-Translation Method is known as the classical method.
16) What is the medium of instruction in the GTM? (2018)
Ans. The first language of the learners is the medium of instruction in the GTM.
17) What is GTM? (2014)
Ans. GTM is a teaching method where teachers teach grammatical rules to students, and students
memorize rules to translate sentences and passages from mother tongue into the target language
and vice versa.
18) What are audio-lingual drills? (2018)
Ans. Audio-lingual drills mean practising some target language structures over and over to be
trained or conditioned to use them in real life situations.
19) What does Audio-Lingual Method mean? (2014)
Ans. The Audio-lingual Method is a method for foreign language teaching which emphasized the
teaching of listening and speaking before reading and writing.
20) What does the ‘Army Method’ refer to? (2016, 2013)
Ans. The Army Method refers to the drilling and intensive practice of structures of the target
language.
21) What is CLT? (2018, 2012)
Ans. Communicative language teaching is a language teaching approach that focuses on the
communicative competence in a language.
22) What is TPR? (2015)
Ans. “Total Physical Response” means students’ physical response to commands in the target
language.
23) What is the goal of TPR? (2016)
Ans. To provide an enjoyable learning experience, having a minimum of the stress that typically
accompanies learning a foreign language.
24) What is ‘method’? (2012)
Ans. A method is the reflection of a chosen approach to teaching and learning.
25) What is the oldest ‘Language Teaching Method’? (2018)
Ans. The oldest “Language teaching method” is called Grammar Translation Method.
26) What is TBLT? (2014)
Ans. TBLT (Task Based Language Teaching) is a classroom activity that focuses on meaning
through which learners understand and produce the target language while performing a set of steps.
27) How many phases are there in TBLT? (2015, 2012)
Ans. There are three phases in TBLT.
28) What does CLIL refer to? (2013)
Ans. CLIL refers to learning a language through cross-curricular contents such as science, history,
etc.
29) What are BANA and TESEP? (2016)
Ans. The approaches to language teaching and learning used in Britain, Australia and North
America (Kachru’s inner circle) are called BANA.
The teaching approaches followed in the rest of the world are called TESEP.
30) What is IPA? (2015)
Ans. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation
devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of
oral language.
31) What is meant by ‘Target Language’? (2012)
Ans. The language a learner wants to learn as an additional language is called a target language.
32) What is ‘Affective-Filter Hypothesis’? (2012)
Ans. The affective filter hypothesis states that learners must be relaxed and open to learning in
order for language to be acquired.
33) What is Nativism? (2016)
Ans. The nativist/ Innatist theory of language acquisition states that language is innate and ‘native’
to humans from birth. This is advocated by Noman Chomsky.
34) What is ‘linguistic imperialism’? (2015, 2014, 2013)
Ans. When a language is imposed on the speakers of other languages, it is called linguistic
imperialism.
35) Define ‘linguicism’. (2015)
Ans. Linguicism means creating inequalities and discrimination among groups of people through a
language.
36) What is language shift? (2015)
Ans. A speech community may have two languages, and when it stops using one of these and shifts
to the other, it is called language shift.
37) What is ‘lingua franca’? (2017, 2015)
Ans. Lingua Franca is a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose
native language are different.
38) What is ‘intensive reading’? (2018)
Ans. Intensive reading refers to reading with close attention to specific features of a text.
39) What is ‘scanning’? (2017, 2015, 2012)
Ans. Scanning refers to reading a text quickly to find out a specific piece of information.
40) What does ‘skimming’ mean? (2017, 2015, 2014)
Ans. Skimming is reading quickly to get the general meaning or the main idea of a text.
41) What is coherence? (2014)
Ans. Coherence means the internal connection between ideas in a writintg.
42) What is role play? (2018)
Ans. Role-play is an activity when students play the roles of some other characters of real life.
43) What is ‘realia’? (2015)
Ans. Realia is a real objective that is used to teach vocabulary.
44) What areas of languages are emphasized in Grammar Translation Method? (2012)
Ans. Reading and writing skills are emphasized in Grammar-Translation Method.
45) What is deductive teaching of grammar? (2012)
Ans. An inductive approach involves the learners detecting, or noticing, patterns and working out
a 'rule' for themselves before they practise the language.

Short Questions:
1. Distinguish between Acquisition and Learning. (2018, 2017, 2015, 2014, 2012, 2006) [See A Study
Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-33/ Zakia Sultana; Page-53]

2. Why should a teacher know the theories of language teaching methods? (2018)
3. What are the goals of the Grammar Translation Method? (2015) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-60]
4. In which situation would the use of the GTM yield success? (2013) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-61]
5. What are the goals of the direct Method? (2017, 2012) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-71]
6. What is the teachers’ role in the Direct Method? (2012) [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-115]
7. What are the fundamental differences between the Audio-Lingual Method and the ‘Direct Method’?
(2018, 2016, 2013) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-78]
8. Mention the salient/common teaching techniques used in the Audio-Lingual Method. (2017, 2016,
2015, 2013) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-78]
9. Mention the role of the teachers and the students in the Audio-Lingual Method. (2014, 2012) [See A
Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-76]

10. What are the goals and the principles of the Audio-Lingual Method? (2015) [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-80]

11. What are the main techniques of CLT? (2015, 2012) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-92]
12. What is the role of a teacher in CLT? (2018, 2015, 2013) [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-154]
13. What are the difficulties in implementing CLT in the classroom? (2014) [See Approaches and Methods
of Language Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 100]

14. Define ‘communicative competence’. (2016) [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-153]
15. What are the principles of CLT? (2016) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-92]
16. What are the basic differences between CLT and GTM? (2017, 2014, 2012)
17. Write about the principles of Task-based Language Teaching. (2018, 2015, 2012) [See A Study Guide
by Zakia Sultana; Page-253]

18. What is meant by ‘Post Method Pedagogy’? (2016, 2013, 2012) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-175]

19. What is a ‘contextual approach to teaching’? How does it affect pedagogy? (2018, 2015, 2013,
2012) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-190]
20. What is meant by ‘tissue rejection’ in language teaching methodology? (2016, 2015, 2014) [See A
Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-188]

21. What are the characteristics of a good language learner? (2015) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-222]

22. Distinguish between ‘intensive’ and ‘extensive’ reading. (2016, 2015, 2013) [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-256]
Extra Short Questions:
1. What are challenges of using literature in ESL Classroom? (2014) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-233]
2. Do you think English is a threat to other languages? (2016) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-
241]

3. How can synonyms and antonyms be used in teaching vocabulary? (2015) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-363]

4. What are the basic levels of listening? (2015) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-321]
5. What are the main listening materials? (2014) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-322]
6. What are the main problems in teaching language in a large class? (2018) [See A Study Guide by Zakia
Sultana; Page-344]

7. The Monitor. (2007, 2005) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-35]
8. Grammar-Translation Method. (2005) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-61]
9. Direct Method. (2006) [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-117]

Broad Questions:
1. Discuss the structural, functional and interactional views of language. (2015) [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-15/ Zakia Sultana; Page-19]

2. Evaluate the main principles of the behaviourist theory of language acquisition or learning. (2017,
2015) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-23]
3. Discuss and evaluate the five hypotheses of Krashen’s Monitor Model. Do you agree with Mclaughlin
that Krashen’s Theory is seriously flawed in many respects? (2014, 2005) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-39]

4. Briefly discuss innatism. (2014) [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-37]
5. Make a comparative study of the Behaviourist Theory and the Mentalist Theory of L1 Acquisition.
(2013) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-24]
6. Give a historical overview of Language Teaching Methodology. (2014) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy
Banerjee; Page-49]
7. Evaluate the Grammar Translation Method focusing on its main characteristics, strengths and
weaknesses. (2016, 2014, 2007, 2005) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-63]
8. What are the main techniques associated with the GTM? (2015) [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana;
Page-107]
9. What are the key features and techniques of the Direct Method? What are its advantages and
limitations? (2014, 2005) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-70 & 71]
10. What is the Direct Method? Compare and contrast the GTM and the Direct Method. (2015) [See A
Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-107/Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-72]

11. What are the goals and principles of the Audio-Lingual Method? Discuss its advantages and
disadvantages. (2016, 2014, 2012, 2007) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-80]
12. What is Situational Language Teaching (SLT)? Discuss the approach, design and procedures of
Situational Language Teaching (2018, 2015, 2013, 2007) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-
87]
13. Discuss the main principles of the Communicative Language Teaching. Why is CLT considered an
approach rather than a method? (2018, 2016, 2012) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-92 & 95/
Zakia Sultana; Page-164]
14. Elucidate the limitations/ challenges of implementing CLT for language teaching in Bangladesh.
(2017, 2015, 2013) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-109]
15. Discuss the main concerns and the procedures of the Natural Approach in Teaching four skills.
What are the four basic stages of SLA mentioned in the Natural Approach? (2017, 2015, 2012,
2007) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-128]
16. What is Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)? Discuss the theoretical principles, chief features
and stages of TBLT. (2018, 2015, 2013, 2006) [See Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching by
Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 124]

17. What is Task-based Language Teaching? Discuss the types of tasks with special reference to
Focused Tasks. (2017) [See Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu;
Page- 122]

18. Discuss the major strategies and techniques of developing Vocabulary. (2017, 2015, 2013) [See A
Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-371]

19. What are the roles of a teacher in a language teaching class-room? (2018, 2015) [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-198]

20. What are the merits and demerits of using literature in ELT classroom? (2017) [ See Approaches and
Methods of Language Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 245]
21. Define Linguistic Imperialism. Discuss the role of English Language Teaching in Linguistic
Imperialism. (2016, 2014, 2012) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-239 & 247]

Extra Broad Questions:

1. What are the social and psychological factors that play in Acculturation Model of second language
development? (2015) [See Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu;
Page-39]

2. Evaluate the role of the Reform Movement in the history of English Language Teaching focusing on
the principles of the Reform Movement. (2016, 2013) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-67]
3. Discuss the chief characteristics of Communicative Language Teaching. (2007, 2005) [See Approaches
and Methods of Language Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 91]
4. Compare Audio-Lingual Method with Communicative Language Teaching. (2006) [See Approaches
and Methods of Language Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 95]

5. State the theoretical foundation (main principles) of Total Physical Response? What are its
advantages and disadvantages? (2016, 2006) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-117 & 119]
6. What is meant by ‘Desuggestopedia’? Identify the objectives, main principles and key features of
‘Desuggestopedia’ and evaluate their relevance to the main stream Bangladeshi classrooms. (2015,
2013) [See Approaches and Methods of Language Teaching by Binoy Barman, Bijoy Lal Basu; Page- 107]
7. What are the roles played by the learners and the teachers in CLT? (2012, 2006) [See A Study Guide by
Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-98]

8. What is “post-method pedagogy”? discuss the strategic framework proposed by B. Kumaravadivelu?

(2017, 2013) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-180]
9. What are the different ways of teaching grammar? Discuss. (2015) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee;
Page-349]

10. Discuss the importance of ‘pair work’ and ‘group work’ in a language classroom. (2018) [See A Study
Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-332]
11. What are the ways of improving writing skills? (2017) [See A Study Guide by Sanjoy Banerjee; Page-290/
Zakia Sultana; Page-530]

12. State the role of students in different methods. (2015) [See A Study Guide by Zakia Sultana; Page-420]